Just as a test, you could try booting something like the Gentoo minimal installation image (from
here) which is a super-barebones liveCD.
If you don't get a satisfactory display of kernel messages during boot, you can try typing 'gentoo-nofb' at the boot prompt (rather than just pressing enter) to make the kernel stick to good old-fashioned text mode.
Assuming it boots, you can then run things like 'dmesg | less' to review the boot messages, 'lspci' to list all the PCI devices in the system ('lspci -v | less' will give much more information, including what driver is in use for each device) or 'ls /dev/sd*' to list all hard-disk-related device nodes.
(I don't know how familiar you are with Linux - apologies if I'm teaching you to suck eggs! Actually setting up and starting to use Gentoo has a learning curve like the north face of Everest even if you're experienced with other distros so you may want to stick to something less "hardcore".)