The trouble is in the Boot Priority selection, but it is made more complicated by an odd quirk. In the BIOS Setup screens when you go to check or alter the Boot Priority, it shows you the "names" of your drives, with things like "Seagate ST...." and "Samsung EVO850....". So you look at that and say to yourself, "Yes, that's the way it was and still should be". What you don't know is that the BIOS actually remembers which device it should boot from by the mobo PORT designation, like "SATA0", "SATA2" etc. You moved the connections for the devices, but the BIOS is still trying to find those at their OLD port locations.
You can force the BIOS to fix this issue. Basically, this sequence will cause it to forget all about what it used to have, and then cause it to find out the new places. Follow this sequence.
1. Shut down. DISconnect all your SSD and HDD units. If you have one, leave the optical drive unit still installed. Start up and go immediately into BIOS Setup. Go to where the Boot Priority is set, and make the optical drive the first and only boot device. Ensure no others are listed as possible. SAVE and EXIT, and the machine should try to boot from the optical drive. It likely will fail, but that's OK.
2. Shut down. I assume you have your Windows installed on the SSD, so connect it where you want it to be. Turn on and go immediately into BIOS Setup again. Go to Boot Priority. This time set it one of two ways. (a) My preference is always to have the optical drive as the first choice, even though I almost never use that. Done this way, the system will try that boot device, fail, and skip to the next choice quickly every time UNLESS I place a bootable CD in the optical drive first. If you want yours this way, set your sequence to try the optical drive first and the SSD second. OR (b) is you never want it to try the optical drive first, just set the SSD as the first and only boot device, with no others allowed. Whichever you do, SAVE and EXIT. Assuming the optical drive is still empty, the machine should try it briefly first if you chose my (a) option, then skip immediately to the SSD and boot from there.
3. Once that works, shut down again. Re-connect your HDD to whatever port you want. I assume you are NOT going to try to boot from that device, so this time you do not need to make any adjustment in BIOS Setup. Just boot up, and the system should be behaving as you wish.