How "safe" a CPU is depends on the temperature and voltage. Even then there are protection circuits to downclock if it gets too high (and in extreme cases turn off the computer).
All electronic chips wear out over time and one of the factors is temperature, the other main one is voltage and to a lesser extent frequency. It's common to increase the frequency (overclock) then increase the voltage to keep it stable.
Increasing the voltage has a HUGE affect on temperature whereas simply enabling TURBO with default settings should have a very, very minimal affect on the CPU (APU) life.
*So the answer is that it should be very safe in DEFAULT settings with Turbo, but if you OVERCLOCK you should be getting a good CPU cooler and looking at overclocking guides.
Example: http://www.pcgamer.com/how-to-overclock-amd-cpu-processor/
Temperature: a number of applications exist including the motherboard software, CORE TEMP and so on. Sometimes the motherboard software monitors onboard sensors NEXT to the CPU so know what you monitor.
CORE TEMP works well for me.
MAX TEMP:
http://www.buildcomputers.net/cpu-temperature.html
If you scroll down it's in the low 70's (unlike Intel which is much higher). I would aim to NOT go over 60degC in heavy usage.
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