Technically, the cause would be a magnetic coil that's getting exactly the right amount of current for the field it generates to cause it to vibrate in tune. That is, hitting its resonant frequency. Like an opera singer who can shatter glass by hitting exactly the right note and holding it. That current can be large, it can be small, it's specific to each component. It's possible it's related to temperature, since temperature affects resistance which would affect the level of current. But it could also be some component that's gradually powering up, making noise as the current matches the frequency then quieting down as the current keeps rising and passes it.
You can try rolling a sheet of paper into a cone and holding it up to your ear. Then use it to identify exactly where the noise is coming from, PSU, GPU, or something on the mobo. Depending on what/where it is there may be steps you can take to minimize the noise. But it really can be a confounding problem to deal with.