Mini-ITX is kind of like having a laptop as it's not really designed for expansion except through USB, with the one exception of a GPU. You could get a USB capture card and use digital audio out to high quality DACs in your receiver.
It's not the USB cables that are the issue as they are just being used as handy 9-pin extension cords fpr the PCIe lane--nothing is
converted to USB. The problem is none of these adapters are designed for anything but mining, where not only does bandwidth not matter, neither does
latency--which does matter quite a lot for audio. What are the chances that the onboard PCIe switch chip is designed to not cause DPC latency issues?
Seriously, google DPC latency audio and you will find thousands of people having audio problems with normal soundcards plugged directly into PCIe slots. The Xonar drivers themselves are known to be
worse than Realtek and cause more issues.
If you are determined to use such an unsuitable platform for this, there is such a thing as PCIe bifurcation that can turn a x16 into two x8. It requires BIOS support so you will need to write your own. Or there are active PCIe splitters that use a bridge chip (again, may cause latency issues) that cost more than a nice new ATX motherboard would.