Looks like it should do x4 with a Ryzen chip installed.
https://www.asus.com/ca-en/Motherboards/PRIME-X370-PRO/specifications/
AMD Ryzen™ Processors :
1 x M.2 Socket 3, with M key, type 2242/2260/2280/22110 storage devices support (SATA & PCIE 3.0 x 4 mode)
AMD 7th Generation A-series/Athlon™ Processors :
1 x M.2 Socket 3, with M key, type 2242/2260/2280/22110 storage devices support (SATA & PCIE 3.0 x 2 mode)
What else do you have populated in your other PCIe slots? You may well have exhausted your lanes available through the other expansion slots. Given the modes are CPU dependent, they'll be direct CPU linked, and not via chipset.