The number of RAM channels is determined by the CPU. Most desktop CPUs are only dual channel controllers. You may be able to install 4 DIMMs but the CPU can only access two at a time. Threadripper, server CPUs and highend Intel (x299 motherboard) are true quad channel CPUs. They can access 4 DIMMs simultaneously.
On a typical desktop, two DIMMs is optimal. More dimms per channel -- 4 DIMMs with a dual channel CPU will usually lower the maximum clock speed supported for the RAM.