In some situations, probably.
Depends on the title & resolution.
Assuming 1080p gaming? It should be a pretty solid balance -- I remember seeing some testing at the launch of Ryzen3 that the "strongest" cards that could realistically be paired with them for 1080p gaming were 1060's/580's.....
So, more often than not, it'll be fine. But I'd be very surprised if there weren't instances in certain titles where the Quad core nature/IPC of the 1300X that would limit a 580 a little bit.