First of all, that power supply does not meet the recommended capacity for your system when equipped with a 1080 ti. You want something 600w or higher, that is exceptional quality, for that card. None of the CX series power supplies, not even the more modern 2017 and newer models, would be considered even very good, much less exceptional.
Secondly, how do you know it is showing in DXDIAG if it's not working? Have you connected the monitor cable to the card, rather than to the motherboard video outputs? WITHOUT any cable connected to the video outputs on the motherboard?
Are the supplemental power connectors from the PSU connected to the graphics card?
Do you have the latest motherboard bios version installed?
What EXACTLY do you mean by "it won't work"? Is there no display at ALL when using the card, or is it just not performing well?