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Does 0.999...=1?

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Are 0.999... and 1 equal?




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Just want to see what everyone here thinks. Does 0.999... = 1? Keep in mind that 0.999... means the nines repeat forever, kind of like how 1/3 = 0.333... repeats forever.

<b>Are 0.999... and 1 equal?</b>



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It depends on the situation, individual and context.

0.999 of an inch to a Computer lathe is exact, but it must have a decimal place limit.

0.999 of a mathematical computation is not 1.

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Reply to camieabz

I didn't ask about 0.999. I'm asking about 0.999...

aka 0.9r
0.9 repeating
0.9999999999999999999999999999999(on to infinity)...
The sum of the infinite geometric series Sn=9/(10^n) as n goes from 1 to infinity.

Lyrics. Wasted time between solos.

Reply to silverpig

<b><i>YES!!!!</i></b>
0.9999999(to infinity) <i><b>IS</i></b> equal to 1!!!
Go do a little high school Calculus and you will see....

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Reply to Stick_e_Mouse
- 0 +

Yeah, wasn't that a limit problem from calc?

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Reply to dhlucke
- 0 +

As x approaches 1...

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Reply to Arrow

Hehe, I know that they're equal, I'm just curious to see what everyone else here thinks. We may get a few arguments here because they don't <b>look</b> equal.

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Reply to silverpig

Multiply 0.999 x 1000 and multply 1 x 1000 and you tell me thats equal, you must be a retailer... In conclusion the answer is one!

Oh Iam so confussed now.



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Reply to Anonymous

GOD! not this one again...

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Reply to HolyGrenade

Let me say this a third time, it's not 0.999 that I'm asking about. It's 0.9... with <b>the nines repeating FOREVER</b>.

I know the correct answer to this; I'm just curious as to how many others do.

Lyrics. Wasted time between solos.

Reply to silverpig
- 0 +

Well in that case, yes they r equal. Because .1 repeating (.11111111... continuing forever) is 1/9. .2 repeating is 2/9. and so on
So then .9 repeating is 9/9 or 1.

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Reply to reversi
- 0 +

There you go! :)

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Reply to Arrow

It will never equal 1, no matter how much you throw flawed math and limited technology at it.

0.99999999999999999999999999999999 is exactly
0.00000000000000000000000000000001 away from being 1.

Any time you extend the formers decimal place out, you also extend the decimal place of the latter. So it is actually quite easy to calculate just how far away from 1 it always is. So 0.9(n)9 will always be 0.0(n-1)1 away from 1. (Where n is the number of repetitions of the previous digit.) And this even works when you take infinity into consideration.

Anything or one that ever tells you otherwise is wrong.

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Reply to slvr_phoenix

Thank you!

Thats what what I was trying to say, only I couldn't be bothered typing up all the 9999999 crap. I should have bothered, cause he nailed me.

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Reply to camieabz

Heh, here we go. Anyone care to bring in limit theory here to help me? I wonder what the first proof will be. Cauchy's theory of subtracting repeating decimals? (actually, this was used in a link to another thread already, but it hasn't been posted in this thread yet). It'll probably be the sum of an infinite geometric series proof though. That's the simplest one. :smile:

I have a neat proof that I came up with (it may not be original, but I didn't find it somewhere) that uses long division. I'll post it later though I think.

If someone's really on the ball, they may try a number-base conversion... just a hint.

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Reply to silverpig

Here is a simplified theorem from number theory:

If there exists no explicitly definable number C between A and B, then A = B.

My question is if A = 1 and B = 0.9r, what is C? O.999..9991?

Lyrics. Wasted time between solos.

Reply to silverpig

Whoa, just re-read your post there... you say:

"So 0.9(n)9 will always be 0.0(n-1)1 away from 1. (Where n is the number of repetitions of the previous digit.) And this even works when you take infinity into consideration."

So in 0.0(n-1)1, you have infinity minus one zeros? Or is it infinity minus one, plus the one before it equals infinity?

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Reply to silverpig

Crap. Sorry. My bad. It was one of those days.

That should be: "0.9(n) will always be 0.0(n-1)1 away from 1.", not, "0.9(n)9 will always be 0.0(n-1)1 away from 1." Oops.

But n is defined as, "Where n is the number of repetitions of the previous digit.", and for added clarification, this is as a character array, not as a number.

So if n is 3, then you get: for the 0.9r side, n is 3 repitions of 9 = '999' to give you '0.9999', and for the 0.0r1 side, n-1 is two repitions of 0 = '00' to give you '0.0001'. And indeed, 0.9999 is 0.0001 away from 1.

So the ONLY time 0.9r could EVERY equal 1 is if your means of calculation involved limits. And, as we know, mathematical limits, by definition, are accepted innacuracies. So any means of calculating that 0.9r equals 1 is doing so using an innacuracy.

Calculators and computers, having limited memory and thus limited decimal places, are perfect examples of computing values using innacuracy. :)

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Reply to slvr_phoenix

You guys have to much time on your hands. But I do enjoy reading you interesting debates.

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Reply to Yahiko81
- 0 +

slvr_phoenix is right on this one. Just because some math teacher showed you something he thought was cool based on some theory etc, when you come down to actual numbers and decimals which although 1/3= .3333333... it's simply because the two values do not perfectly correspond. There is an error there as there is and error with thinking that in a world dealing with real numbers 1 could be .9... It just can't be

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Reply to jg38141

But you still have 0.0(n-1)1... So that's infinity minus one zeros? How can you have infinity minus one? Or infinity plus one?

The problem is that you're thinking that you keep adding nines. You don't. The nines are already infinite, it's not like you can add any more. 0.9r is just another notation for writing 1.

Think of it this way:

1/3 = 0.3r (it does because 0.3r doesn't ever end. Ever.)
Multiply both sides by 3... You get 1 on each side.

or try this:

n = 0.9r
10n = 9.9r
10n - n = 9.9r - 0.9r
9n = 9
n = 1

or do it with long division:

1/1 = 1
1 = 0.9 + 0.1
1/1 = 0.9 + 0.1

1)1.00000000(forever)

divide the 1 into the 1.0 to get 0.9 + 0.1
put the 0.9 up top, and multiply the 9 and 1 to get 9. Put that under the 1.0 and subtract. You get 1. Bring down the next zero to bet 10. Divide the 1 into it to get 9 + 1. Repeat forever... This yields 1/1 = 0.9r

Or try it with a geometric series:

0.9r = 9/10 + 9/100 + 9/1000...
0.9r = 9 (1/10 + 1/100 + 1/1000...)
0.9r = 9 (1/10^n)

Sn = a/(1-r)

Sn = (9/10)/(9/10) = 1

Also, in order to prove that the numbers 0.9r and 1 are in fact different, you must find a number between them. There isn't any. Your statement about 0.0(n-1)1 isn't valid because you can't have infinity minus one. Or infinity divided by two. The only way you can have that is to show that the cardinality of the infinity in 0.00...01 is greater than that of the infinity in 0.9r. You can't. In fact, you can prove that the cardinality is indeed the same.

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Reply to silverpig

yes .9 repeating equals 1 and there is a proof to prove that!

so for those of you who say no they are not equal then you are obviusly ignorant of math concepts. Such is the concept of the number one. 1 is an abstract thing it's not really there! so the abstract number of .9 repeating forever equals the abstract number 1.

i'll prove it to you right now.. if i can remember how the proof goes.. heh

ok now do we agree that if we did this ...

1+1+1 would = 3 .. right?

what about .5+.5+.5 = 1.5 ? do we agree to that?

ok now do we agree that 1/3 = .333 repeating forever?

now add .3333+ .3333 + .3333 = .999999 forever .. right? since we agreed (assuming u did) that .5+.5+.5 = 1.5 and etc ... it can kinda look like this

.33333... = 1/3
+ .33333... = + 1/3
+ .33333... = + 1/3
-------------------
.99999... = 1 ... because 1/3+1/3+1/3 = 1.

:) i just proved it to you rather you wanna believe a proof is up to you.. even though it's like saying the world is flat even though we have proof it's somewhat sphericle(sp?)(technicly not exactly but close).




<A HREF="http://www.anandtech.com/mysystemrig.html?id=9933" target="_new"> My Rig </A><P ID="edit"><FONT SIZE=-1><EM>Edited by xxsk8er101xx on 08/31/01 08:18 PM.</EM></FONT></P>

Reply to xxsk8er101xx
- 0 +

Well, either some of the people here failed grade school math, or like most people, have difficultly grasping the concept of infinity. Mind you, it is a difficult concept as once you reach infinity all the rules of operations go out the window. Conventional logic does not apply for infinity because the number infinity is endless.

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Reply to AMD_Man

it's .9 repeating forever where 1/3 = .3 repeating forever.. and if you add .333 repeating + .333 repeating forever + .3333 repeating forever that equals .999 repeating forever... unless you don't know your math and think 4+4 = 44? .333+.333+.333 = .999 thus .333 repeating forever + . 333 repeating forever +.333 repeating forever ='s .9999 repeating forever... and where 1/3+1/3+1/3 ='s 1
so .99999 repeating forever (meaning infinite not finite (1 to 5 is finite forever is infinite) ='s 1 due to substitution and proof where 1/3 = .3333... forever as in it never stops.



<A HREF="http://www.anandtech.com/mysystemrig.html?id=9933" target="_new"> My Rig </A><P ID="edit"><FONT SIZE=-1><EM>Edited by xxsk8er101xx on 08/31/01 08:16 PM.</EM></FONT></P>

Reply to xxsk8er101xx

If a frog is on a lily pad, and decides to jump to the bank by jumping halfway, will he ever get there?

Jumps halfway to the bank, jumps half of the remaining distance, jumps half of that remaining distance, etc.

Of course not, he'll get pretty close, but he'll never actually make it.



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Reply to FatBurger

He won't make it in any finite amount of time, no. But if the frog could jump an infinite amount of times, he'd make it.

How about this:

If it's three feet from the lily pad to the bank, and the frog can jump one foot at a time, he is able to jump 33.3r% of the distance. Does he not make it to the bank in 3 jumps? And is this distance not 3 feet, or 100% of the total distance?

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Reply to silverpig

9apples =10 oranges!


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Reply to Anonymous

Now you're comparing apples and oranges. That is just not right. Everyone knows Mangoes are the best!


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Reply to HolyGrenade

Can i have 0.9 of one of those please.


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Reply to Anonymous

you must be really bad at math! IT IS NOT .9! you obviously have no concept of infinity!

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Reply to xxsk8er101xx

Yep, just having fun, but who gives a flyin' [peep]anyway :tongue:

~Ok back on medication now~

Reply to Anonymous

lol if he doesn't get it after that i dunno i think he's just playing stupid lol ....

makes you kinda wonder though of .9r = 1 ... does this mean with our current understanding of math and science is flawed by .0r that is zero but there is that little bit that can never be calculated correctly? hmmm ... like if we took something and made it infinite can our current math understandings calculate it correctly? i'm just thinking... maybe math isn't so perfect with infinite objects. Of course that thinking will never be accepted ebcause we are all so comfy with the current math understandings. There might not be much use for infinite objects, such a thing can hardly be understood...

what if in order to bend space to travel much faster like worm wholes you needed to infinitly calculate the energy levels to bend space? Or to even rip a hole in space in order to travel much faster and then close it back up without causing a black hole? The amount of energy would be infinit? by being off that little bit could kill it maybe and cause problems???? what about black wholes? it is said to have infinite space? I think i forget...

just thinking is all.. no flaming because this is how new stuff are discovered by philosophicly thinking of these things and later down the road when technology is more advanced they try it out.



<A HREF="http://www.anandtech.com/mysystemrig.html?id=9933" target="_new"> My Rig </A><P ID="edit"><FONT SIZE=-1><EM>Edited by xxsk8er101xx on 09/03/01 10:31 PM.</EM></FONT></P>

Reply to xxsk8er101xx

lol .. fun to think about though!

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Reply to xxsk8er101xx

Well, all anyone can really say about our current understanding of math and science is that what we have works well enough for what we need it to do. It is constantly being improved upon though.

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Reply to silverpig

Interesting thoughts, I find the subject of space intreaging ,the question of whats past the universe, I mean yes past that one too, is there an stop sign and a big wall?
Or are we in a big fish bowl as a big experiment by gods or aliens, or even the governments.. Is there an end.

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Reply to Anonymous

Heh, just take a little more of that medication you're on; I'm sure it'll all become clear. :lol:

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Reply to silverpig

But my calculater says it isnt "1". Type in 1 divide by 3 then x 3. lol

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Reply to Anonymous

lol ... thats cos your calculator can't do infinity lol!

just take the concepts .. if you take 1/3 of the pie and ad another 1/3 and another 1/3 that is 1 right? lol.. dude this is tought in 2nd grade!

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Reply to xxsk8er101xx

Ahhh, but what's on the other side of the wall?
or on the outside of the fish bowl.

I reckon reality is a figment of my imagination and you're all Fredi! LOL

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Reply to camieabz

I know what's on the other side. I'll sell you the info for $50 :smile: .

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Reply to silverpig

Quote :

Ahhh, but what's on the other side of the wall?
or on the outside of the fish bowl.


I reckon its one hell of a sarcastic dude IMO.




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Reply to Anonymous

here is something to blow your mind!

Does time exist outside the universe? Could it be that the end of the universe is where time gets slower and it would take infinit amount of time to reach the edge of the universe? Which makes you think what black holes really are? because time slows down just like my educated guess about the edge of the universe, is it that the black hole is part of the edge of the universe? Why is it that black holes have infinte amount of space? could it be that space (universe) is like a thin sheet of paper. Nothing but void below and on top. void being where nothing exist - time light people things nothing... now since none of it exist could it be that as you get closer to the black hole time slows down and when you reach a point where time no longer exist you just stop? or do you keep goin through the void? but what makes it have infinit amount of space? And because time slows down as you enter a black hole and i suggested that as you reach the edge of the universe time slows down, are they the same? Now what about the difference in gravity? could it be like a piece of papaer you poke a hole in it and run a marble across it and it drops through the hole? SO! i'm not suggesting that gravity is in space i'm suggesting that the void pulls it in like a vaccum? unlike the edge where there is no hole only that it's the end so no where to fall? hmmm maybe at the edge of the universe you get pulled in to because the void is the same? Now what about time? if the edge gets slower is it that the center of the universes time is much faster then the edge? I'm suggesting a variable difference of how fast time is from the center to the edge? which would explain why we cannot calculate the age of the universe accuratly without conflicting the age of the suns? That would be funny if the universe is only 7 days old from the center for example? Now what is above the sheet of paper or space? the samething? hmmm ....

so variable time from one end to the other where the edge is much slower then the center. Space is like a flat sheet of paper (even though it is a 4D space: up, down, left, right, time, no sound i believe, :) ... but easier to comprehend in a 2d playing field) and a black hole is nothing more then a rip in space where everything falls into void. If that was the case you could easily bend space like paper fold it up like, rip a hole and travel through it and then cover it up otherwise you would create one huge problem heh! The amount of energy would be infinit because the energy would need to stay to keep it from ripping open again and the amount would be pretty high heh...

heh just thinking ... :)

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Reply to xxsk8er101xx

Quote :

He won't make it in any finite amount of time, no. But if the frog could jump an infinite amount of times, he'd make it.



What are you talking about? If he jumps half of the remaining distance every time, he'll never make it!



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Reply to FatBurger

Actually, having infinity - 1, infinity + 1, or even infinity ^ 2 is pretty easy to do.

Infinity is an abstract number, not a constant. Working with it is just like working with imaginary numbers. If you can't work with infinity in such a manner, then you're just limiting yourself. I know I have no problems working with infinity - 1. It's simply 1 less than whatever infinity is.

The whole reason why the concept of

Quote :

<b>n = 0.9r
10n = 9.9r
10n - n = 9.9r - 0.9r
9n = 9
n = 1</b>


is flawed is because the number of repititions towards infinity <b>aren't</b> being counted in the calculations. If n = 0.9r (where r is an infinite repitition), then 10n = 9.9r-1 (where r-1 is one less than the infinite repitition). If you properly keep track of the number of repititions using infinity as an abstract number, you'll find that the above formula will actually serve quite well to prove that 0.9r <b>doesn't</b> equal infinity.

So for anyone who can work properly with infinity, my previous statement still holds quite true. And for those who can't, well, your loss.

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Reply to slvr_phoenix

I've got to agree with you. If Frogger jumps only half the remaining distance each time, then he can never make it there. He'll get so close that even an electron microscope couldn't measure the remaining distance, but even with an infinite number of repititions he'll never make it.

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Reply to slvr_phoenix

If you want to be technical about a realistic scenario where the frog jumps half the distance every time, he will in fact make it. It can even be calculated. There is a fundamental limit to how small a jump the frog can make. Once he has this far to go, the next jump will have to carry him all the way, as that will be the smallest distance physically possible.

As for the purely mathematical scenario, infinity is not just a really really big number, it means, well, infinity. The frog would make it, if he COULD jump an infinite amount of times, but because he can only ever jump a finite amount of times, it's safe to say he'd never make it.

Basically, you can say that the frog would never make it, because it would require that he make an infinite amount of jumps.

Lyrics. Wasted time between solos.

Reply to silverpig

You obviously have no concept of infinity. You cannot have infinity plus one, or minus one. It is not a finite number which you can add to. Your statement about 0.9r-1 is completely ludicrous. I could define an infinity to be 0.9r-1 + infinity (this statement is ludicrous as well, but at least it follows your "logic" ). This has infinitely more repetitions than your "0.9r"

As for your statements about how the Cauchy Sequence proof is flawed, just pick up a math book. Every axiom leading up to this proof is proven again and again; you can even find proofs for basic mathematical operations. If you want to show this proof flawed, disprove an axiom.

Lyrics. Wasted time between solos.

Reply to silverpig

Quote :

the number of repititions towards infinity aren't being counted



You don't get it. The number of repetitions in 0.9r isn't going towards infinity. The number IS infinite.

Lyrics. Wasted time between solos.

Reply to silverpig

Are you kidding? Give any theologist that argument and he could tell you that the universe is <i>EIGHT</i> days old! From the center, that is.

Back to you Tom...

Reply to Crashman

Tell those who cannot add nor subtract from infinity to read Douglas Adam's books. Puts the whole concept in laymens terms. I'm working on the infinite improbability machine right now, the odds of me every finnishing are infinity to one.

Back to you Tom...

Reply to Crashman
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