Help Me!!!

This may not be a normal post for me but i need some freaking help, what has happened is i got assigned a term paper on which we could choose our own topic, so i chose microprosessors, well everything sounded the same even though i already knew how they worked so i ended up just copying and pasting because thats what most people do. So now i come to find out that she is checking to see if we are plagerizing and now i am gunna be screwed. There have already been a lot of people that have been caught and every day i dont turn it in i lose points so it is a sticky situation for me. If anyone could help me reword it i would be foreverr grateful. This is what i have so far:

Microprocessors, A Change for the Future

A microprocessor, also known as a CPU or central processing unit, is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. The first true microprocessor was the Intel 4004, and was introduced in 1971. The 4004 was not very powerful, all it could do was add and subtract, and it could only do that 4 bits at a time. But it was amazing that everything was on one chip. Prior to the 4004, engineers built computers either from collections of chips or from discrete components namely transistors wired one at a time. The 4004 powered one of the first portable electronic calculators.
Introduced in 1974, the Intel 8080 was the first microprocessor to come to the market in home computers; it was an 8-bit processor on one die. The first microprocessor to make a real splash in the market was the Intel 8088, introduced in 1979 and incorporated into the IBM PC, which first appeared around 1982. The PC market moved from the 8088 to the 80286 to the 80386 to the 80486 to the Pentium to the Pentium II to the Pentium III to the Pentium 4. All of these microprocessors are made by Intel and all of them are improvements on the basic design of the 8088. The Pentium 4 can execute any piece of code that ran on the original 8088, but it does it about 5,000 times faster!
To understand how a microprocessor works, it is helpful to look inside and learn about the logic used to create one. In the process you can also learn about assembly language the native language of a microprocessor and many of the things that engineers can do to boost the speed of a processor. A microprocessor executes a collection of machine instructions that tell the processor what to do. Based on the instructions, a microprocessor does three basic things.
Using its ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), a microprocessor can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Modern microprocessors contain complete floating point processors that can perform extremely sophisticated operations on large floating point numbers. A microprocessor can move data from one memory location to another. A microprocessor can make decisions and jump to a new set of instructions based on those decisions. There may be very sophisticated things that a microprocessor does, but those are its three basic activities.
This is about as simple as a microprocessor gets. This microprocessor has the following. An address bus that may be 8, 16 or 32 bits wide that sends an address to memory. A data bus that may be 8, 16 or 32 bits wide can send data to memory or receive data from memory. An RD (read) and WR (write) line to tell the memory whether it wants to set or get the addressed location. A clock line that lets a clock pulse sequence the processor. A reset line that resets the program counter to zero and restarts execution.
Coming into the instruction decoder are the bits from the test register and the clock line, as well as the bits from the instruction register. Even the incredibly simple microprocessor will have a fairly large set of instructions that it can perform. The collection of instructions is implemented as bit patterns, each one of which has a different meaning when loaded into the instruction register. Humans are not particularly good at remembering bit patterns, so a set of short words are defined to represent the different bit patterns. This collection of words is called the assembly language of the processor. An assembler can translate the words into their bit patterns very easily, and then the output of the assembler is placed in memory for the microprocessor to execute.
The number of transistors available has a huge effect on the performance of a processor. A typical instruction in a processor like an 8088 took 15 clock cycles to execute. Because of the design of the multiplier, it took approximately 80 cycles just to do one 16-bit multiplication on the 8088. With more transistors, much more powerful multipliers capable of single-cycle speeds become possible. More transistors also allow for a technology called pipelining. In a pipelined architecture, instruction execution overlaps. So even though it might take five clock cycles to execute each instruction, there can be five instructions in various stages of execution simultaneously. That way it looks like one instruction completes every clock cycle. Many modern processors have multiple instruction decoders, each with its own pipeline. This allows for multiple instruction streams, which means that more than one instruction can complete during each clock cycle. This technique can be quite complex to implement, so it takes lots of transistors.
The trend in processor design has primarily been toward full 32-bit ALUs with fast floating point processors built in and pipelined execution with multiple instruction streams. The newest thing in processor design is 64-bit ALUs, and people are expected to have these processors in their home PCs in the next decade. There has also been a tendency toward special instructions that make certain operations particularly efficient, and the addition of hardware virtual memory support and L1 caching on the processor chip. All of these trends push up the transistor count, leading to the multi-million transistor powerhouses available today. These processors can execute about one billion instructions per second! Sixty-four-bit processors have been with us since 1992, and in the 21st century they have started to become mainstream. Both Intel and AMD have introduced 64-bit chips, and the Mac G5 sports a 64-bit processor. Sixty-four-bit processors have 64-bit ALUs, 64-bit registers, 64-bit buses and so on.


One reason why the world needs 64-bit processors is because of their enlarged address spaces. Thirty-two-bit chips are often constrained to a maximum of 2 GB or 4 GB of RAM access. That sounds like a lot, given that most home computers currently use only 256 MB to 512 MB of RAM. However, a 4 GB limit can be a severe problem for server machines and machines running large databases. And even home machines will start bumping up against the 2 GB or 4 GB limit pretty soon if current trends continue. A 64-bit chip has none of these constraints because a 64-bit RAM address space is essentially infinite for the foreseeable future -- 2^64 bytes of RAM is something on the order of a billion gigabytes of RAM.
With a 64-bit address bus and wide, high-speed data buses on the motherboard, 64-bit machines also offer faster I/O (input/output) speeds to things like hard disk drives and video cards. These features can greatly increase system performance. Servers can definitely benefit from 64 bits, but what about normal users? Beyond the RAM solution, it is not clear that a 64-bit chip offers "normal users" any real, tangible benefits at the moment. They can process data like very complex data features lots of real numbers faster. People doing video editing and people doing photographic editing on very large images benefit from this kind of computing power. High-end games will also benefit, once they are re-coded to take advantage of 64-bit features. But the average user who is reading e-mail, browsing the Web and editing Word documents is not really using the processor in that way.
Through out our everyday lives we use microprocessors to help us do things that would take much linger without them. They are in our computers, cell phones, MP3 players, calculators, and almost anything now that is electronic. If it weren't for the Microprocessor, our live would be drastically different, we would have to spend much more time doing something that with microprocessors only takes nanoseconds. As the evolution of Microprocessors continues, so will the needs of humans and programs will be created to take full advantage of them, so even though they continue to increase in speed and power, we will most definitely continue to push the to their limits, causing in fact a full circle because we always want in this case, smaller and faster and not bigger, just better.

Possibly, although I wouldnt. Also, if this gentleman does take your advice then he'll have to be sure that he correctly references each and every single comment from this site that he uses.

I say that not because of the THGCLA (which applies here, remember?), but because I cant stand plagiarism at an acadmeic level, particularly when its being used to mask laziness. I congratulate the teacher on taking an interest in making sure all of the papers are legit.

So while I'm not familiar with microprocessors, my advice is to research and reference correctly as much as you can as quickly as you can and include it in an informative paper that answers correctly the question[s] asked by your class.

It will be the only way of securing a half-decent grade at this late stage.

Let's see, you're too lazy to do anything other than copy&paste, and then you want us to actually lift a finger and do everything else for you? Well, I'm lifting one finger in particular. Why don't you just cut to the chase and apply at Mickey D's right now? "Piss off, tosser!" [/RobD]

PM LtCommanderDATA, he will make you a nice text.. or you could search some of his post and copy/past some part with his acknowledgement...

Tis the only way he can get any, I'm afraid.

One more reason when elected I will introduce a tax on stupid--

Oh! Damn it. We already have that: the lottery.

Well, there's still the tax on ugly. . .

You know now that you have posted if she searches any part of your paper it is likely to come up in google...

I thought that the other is hidden from google?

That's what we've been told ....

I believe that's true. It used to be hidden from anyone who was not registered as a member, but now it's visable to unregistered "strangers" - people who may just be looking.

But I believe you're right about google - or, at least, that was the plan.

Did our postings get reported or something?

Lame

I agree with you, but Fredi made that call. Perhaps if enough people PM him about it ... :?: