First of all, this will seem like a dumb question, but are you sure you can surf and aren't viewing cached copies of the pages? Unlikely but I had to ask. If you can't connect to ventrilo, there are a couple things you can try.
First off, try pinging the ventrilo server IP. If that doesn't work then try running a traceroute to see where the packets are dropping off. That will give you a starting point. If the packets are dropping at your router, then you definitely need to check it out more thoroughly.
You could try telnetting to the ventrilo server like so:
telnet <server ip> <server port>
If it establishes a connection then the network is probably working fine. If not, then you probably need to look at your router and firewall settings.
Most any router will have a default rule that allows any traffic from LAN hosts to go out to the internet. Ventrilo only uses one port afaik, so it should work fine like this. Try disabling the windows firewall completely, i.e. disable the service under control panel. I think it's called ICS and Windows Firewall or something similar.