Linux doesn't use .exe files and windows drivers do not work on Linux with the exception of network drivers via NDISwrapper.
Linux also includes 99% of the drivers you will ever need in the kernel so you don't have to go searching for drivers, except for proprietary VGA drivers and sometimes 802.11a, b, g, n wireless drivers.
The instructions
amdfangirl linked to will let you install the accelerated drivers for the virtual VGA card that VirtualBox provides.
The VirtualBox VGA supports 3D acceleration and up to 128MB of VRAM, go to Display properties set the slider to 128MB VGA RAM and check the box to enable 3D.
You will not be using nvidia drivers at all under VirtualBox.
If you do a native install on your hard drive outside of VirtualBox then you can install the proprietary nvidia drivers. A native install will provide better performance and direct access to your hardware. That's called dual booting.
Good luck