Either a connection inside your PC got knocked loose or there's something wrong with your motherboard. I suggest you try the hard disks with another computer if possible.
You are probably running in PIO mode, and can be identified by a simple HDTune benchmark, showing very high CPU usage and a flag horizontal line not exceeding 16.7MB/s (the highest PIO speed). PIO is a last-resort fallback if the usual DMA transfer failed. This can be caused by driver issues or a bad cable/device.
PIO mode can be remedied often by deleting the relevant IDE/SATA controller from device manager and reboot, after the reboot it will be automatically added again, and should work at DMA speeds again.
------------------------------...man will occasionally stumble over the truth, but usually manages to pick himself up, walk over or around it, and carry on.
Reply to sub mesa
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