I think your power supply could definitely be a culprit. I know I've got a 9600gt and in the specs it said you needed a power supply with 26 amps on the 12v+ rail. So it could be that as things heat up in there, the power supply cannot give enough juice to your card. Reinstalling XP may not be a bad idea either. That may indeed fix it, but even if it does, you might be pushing the limit on the power supply, so might be a good idea to upgrade it so you don't burn up the one you have. Just a thought for later, as if you lose a power supply, it can take out other components, like motherboards and processors. Which I have actually lost a motherboard due to a cheap power supply I think. Can't really confirm that was the actual cause, but I know I got a better power supply and replacement motherboard, and no more issues. Except that the power supply died later on, lol, but the rest of the system is still fine. Just remember when you load a cheap power supply too much, it's kinda like playing russian roulette with your pc.
But judging by the fact you are saying the screen breaks into triangles when it locks up sounds like the video card could be overheating.
So first things first. I think a little better power supply might be in order to ensure your card is getting enough clean juice, and also if you are getting the triangles, or artifacts after a few minutes, you may need to get a little more ventilation to your card.
This is cheap and easy.
http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16835150006
This is a pci slot cooler fan, grab one, put it about one slot under your card to help pull heat off the card and out the back of your case and see if that helps.
Here's a decent budget power supply.
http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16817139008
It's 40 bucks after a 10 dollar mail in rebate, and though it's only 400 watts, it shows the amperage output to be 30 amps, versus you said yours pushes 18 or so?
Other guys can give you better opinions than I can, and I've never used this power supply before, but here is even a 300 watt.
http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16817151055
But the difference here is it's got 2 12v+ rails each pushing 17 amps each, vs one pushing 18. Let us know your budget, someone who is more versed in power supplies can give you a better opinion than I can. But I do know corsair usually makes a solid unit.
On reinstalling the OS, before doing that, download a program called drive sweeper I think that's the name of it, boot into safe mode, run drive sweeper and tell it take out all the video drivers on your pc. Restart, and reinstall the latest nvidia drivers for your card and see if that helps.