What 230mm fan are you looking at? Most fans run on 12V because the higher voltage means they can use less current which allows for thinner wires and more windings, i dont know of any fans that run on 5V, there are some fans with adjustable speeds that add resistors to drop the voltage and the speed, but i dont know any that run on 5V at full speed.

If your fan really is built to run on 5V, upping it to 12V stands a very good chance of burning out its motor because it will spin quite a bit faster than it was built for.