NO!
Unless, of course, you are using the wrong terms.
USB and SATA connectors are not the same, and you should not be able to connect one to another.
HOWEVER, there are such things a dual-function connectors that allow either a USB or an eSATA connector to plug in. Maybe that's what you have. Check the manual for your set-top box. You need info on what can connect, and how to use it.