I used to work for a company that makes parts for OEMs. Let me tell the process involved with surface mount electronics, even boards with soldered on CPUs.
First the blank board is fed into a machine that applies solder paste. Then we ran the board through a surface mount "pick and place" machine that sticks all the parts on the wet solder paste. Then we run the board through an oven at high temperature to melt the solder. Many people will handle the boards without gloves when it comes out, just wear ESD protection. Then we ran the boards through a machine that uses hot water to wash the boards to remove any chemicals left behind from the soldering process. We washed the boards with regular city water that a machine ionized and filtered. After 1 hour, we would apply power to the boards and test them.
To make a long and boring story shorter - alcohol, or even water... won't hurt it as long as you don't use it while it is wet. Or get it wet while it is in use or recently used for boards with caps (the voltage needs to discharge first). Now, I don't recommend using tap water to start cleaning your electronics, because if you don't ionize the water, some of the parts will rust or oxidize... which will make their life a lot shorter. And your CPU doesn't have anything exposed except the pins or contacts. No harm done.