Only if your router is wireless n -- and there can be issues between different brands, I believe. You'd probably have to disable your existing wireless adapter in Device Manager or using the Fn or physical switch.
Personally, I wouldn't bother -- the gains are probably less than you could make by optimising the existing reception. As follows:
1) raise the router above furniture level
2) Experiment with channels (some will work better or worse depending on your environment)
3) If you can detect strong neighbouring wifi, use a channel 5 stops away from strongest.
4) Relocate cordless phone base or video sender etc.
5) Be prepared to move the computer (or at least turn it so your body is not between the router signal and the wireless adapter's antenna.