For the front IO make sure that the case cable is installed on a USB header on the mobo.
Make sure to install the latest BIOS, also try reinstalling/updating the mobo drivers
USB slots work in pairs (2 physical ports share the same bandwidth and controller), so there should be 2 working ports that are right next to each other.
Check for any obvious physcal damage to the ports. Did you leave the device in long enough for Windows to pick it up? It can sometimes take 30+sec, especially with Vista on an older computer.
When was the last time the ports all worked? Was there any software that you installed between then and when you noticed things stopped working? If this is a computer you just purchased then it is possible that the previous owner got rid of it for this particular problem. Sucks that people do that, but they do.
Try installing a USB add-on card if nothing else works. This is an older (though still respectable and usable) machine. If it is exhibiting problems then I would suggest saving up for a new build or a core upgrade (mobo, CPU, RAM).