If your case documentation includes specs for the fans, you can figure out start-up current from that and then figure out how many you can power through a single 4-pin molex connector.
ASSUMPTION: All four fans use 12v power. You can determine this; if the connections are made to the yellow wire on the 4-pin molex, that's usually 12v. If any of the fans connect to the red wire on the 4-pin, that's usually 5v. Not many fans are 5v.
Each molex connector pin has a current limit before it will begin to overheat and melt the plastic. The peak (e.g. startup) current spec is higher than the continuous spec, but both are probably in the neighborhood of 11 amps depending on the quality of the connector (there are "standard" and high-current versions - see the recent Toms article about PSUs at
http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/power-supply-specifications-atx-reference,3061-11.html for details). 11 amps is going to be more than enough for your four fans under continuous operation, but the startup current might be a bit high depending on the behavior of your large fan and the design of your small fans. You need to check the fan specs to see.
(Edited to include URL and correct amperage per pin)