Google the type of printer you have. Every printer can accommodate different paper types and sizes. Your printer may have come with a User Manual as well, it will tell you in there what kind of paper it can use.
Also, you never said what kind of printer you have.... "laser printer" tells us almost NOTHING...
It would depend on your printer, You can use color paper as long as its made for laser printers.
Since most laser printers bend paper you are limited. I managed to print (32lb bond/80lb text) on my, any more heavier and it would come out curly and wrinkle. (compared to regular copy paper with 20lb bond/50lb text)
I know there is Transparent film that can be used used in laser printer and not melt.
Just has to be made for use in Laser Printer. Or you can destroy printer
Be careful, whatever you do. Laser printers are not meant for specialty printing, you would have much better success with inkjet, screening, or press-style printing processes for things like cloths or leathers