Any computer programmers here?

1) Telling a computer what you want it to do
2) Varies widely depending on application. I can make stuff that takes seconds and other things I couldn't accomplish in a lifetime.
3) Same as #2
4) Boolean Logic and Algebra; Other math is useful depending on the application.
5) No they are typically lazy and like playing video games in my experience
6) No but it can help optimize your code especially when programming in a low level language
7) A positive or negative number without decimal. Can also be a specific size of data typically corresponding to word size (4-byte on 32-bit systems)
8) No, anyway can program and you don't need training. I'm a 'hobbies' programmer myself.
9) Yes
10) Both; it is about as deep as you feel comfortable diving into it
11) In programming tutorials this is commonly the first program you will learn to write. It simply displays "Hello World" hence the name.