The main current types are
CAT 5, CAT 5e and
CAT 6.
CAT 5 is for 10/100 mbps networks, and 5e or 6 is for 10/100/1000 mbps. Most are now 568A or 568B wired patch cables, although a few older peer to peer connections use crossover cables, which is not needed even peer to peer if one of the ports supports auto MDI-X.