@hang-the-9, Sorry if the info is a little rusty I remember taking the joystick apart in 2003, just to see how it worked since it was the only joystick which I owned that never needed calibrating due to drift and it never jittered, thats how I learned it used an optical system for the x-y axis. This was my fav joystick for 15 Strike eagle, Gunship 2000, X-Wing and TieFighter and Incoming.