There are only a couple of partition types you normally have to consider - "swap" (0x82) and "linux" (0x83). You would format the swap partition with mkswap to create a paging file (virtual memory), an the linux partition can be formatted with your choice of filesystem - eg, ext3, reiserfs, xfs, jfs, or whatever, for normal use.
There are others, but they're usually for more specialised tasks, such as a base for software raid or logical volume management.
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