I believe the first link is concerning short selling, where you win when stocks drop, however, its very volatile, and if you miss, you lose mucho bucks, and no bank should ever be involved in such activities, and IMO, these types should be outlawed, with a tracking system, and anyone participating arrested.
This all amounts to greed. Gone here at least, is the wise investment, where time proves out a companies worth, and not speculation, driven by speculators, and bubbles are created by them, thus over or undervaluing said companies.
When a company is undervalued by huge speculation amounts, those who followed such things are often caught on the low end, where others wait it out, and buy low, only to retain, or sell high.
Its rare indeed to find a true worth of a companies value, since for awhile now, as the maket opened to larger sums of potential investors, just thru this, most, if not all businesses value were elevated, thru speculation/money availability alone.
Those who have the capacity to place their hands on such money have to be held to the highest standards, and while sometimes things can happen, and simple judgements are found wrong, those cant and shouldnt be brought in with the gambling that the others do, which causes these huge disruptions worldwide