Here's a thought. Don't know if this has been suggested before, but...
Have a limit on how many units can be simultaneously in production for a
given resource. For instance, you can be producing up to 5 iron-dependant
units at a time per iron resource that you own. It would make trading
resources more of a strategic issue, and motivate civilizations to go get
all the resources they can, not just one or two.
In a related vein, maybe luxuries can only produce so many happy faces per
owned luxury resource.
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