Ideal Partitioning with multiple HDDs
Kelthar,
As for RAID, if you set your new 1TB Seagates to RAID 0, you will have a higher performance, but as you know, the total capacity would be 1TB and if one drive fails, all is lost. However, as you have the other two drives- 700GB and 200GB, you might set the two 1TB's to RAID 0 and then place a system image in a partition on each of the two old drives and also have a duplicate set of partitions for backup files. I'm not certain, but I don't think the old drives can be RAID 1 (mirrored) as they are different capacities, or it might only see two 200GB drives.
The old drives might be setup for a differential backup so that every time a file changes, it is updated on the backup drives. Then, if one of the RAID 0 drives fails, you can restore the system and applications from the system image stored on the old drives and rebuild the RAID 0, then separately reload the files from the backup partitions on the old drives. Of course, the two old drives could contain different contents if you need the additional capacity. My thought in using the old drives in a sort of semi-duplication is that they are more likely to fail before the new drives.
As for partitions and their relationship to performance, if you have a defragmentation program that graphically shows the distribution of files across a drive, it's possible to see files may be scattered from one end to the other. I'm not sure why the DOS does this, perhaps there are big swap files sitting around such that it keeps writing farther out. This scattering of files means the read/write head has to flutter back and forth over the entire radius of the platters, lengthening access time. To counteract this, there is a technique called "short-shifting" in which the operating system and applications are placed in the primary C: partition so that it is the total size of those folders plus 25-30%. On my 500GB drive, my C: partition is 149GB of which 112GB is used. The restricted size of the partitions means that files can't be scattered over the entire drive- they can only go so far. Also, as the disk platters are a smaller diameter towards the center- and the data is laid from the center out- the head will move over a smaller portion of the platter radius to help reduce access time. It works, when I first did this -and I had fewer applications on the drive, it seemed that programs would almost "snap" on. You might notice that large files transfer at higher rates than small, so, the short shifting technique also helps when there are a lot of small data files.
Another way to optimize drives is to use a disk defragmenter that places system files in a hierarchy according to frequency of use, again "short-shifting" and reducing access time. Also, defragmenting done inside Windows means certain files are "immovable" as they're needed to run Windows so some of these defrag programs also are able to do this in a boot mode outside of Windows so that every file can be moved. This makes the consolidation more complete, again, shortening seek times. Intuitively, it seems that these techniques- restricted partitions and optimized file placement might extend the life of drives in that read/write head movements should be reduced.
In setting up your drives, you might use the new Seagate drives in RAID 0 and divide them into four partitions > 1. OS/Applications C: Primary partition, and then three Logical Drives > 2. Active Files 3. Archive Files, and 4. System Image. The size of these partitions would be set according to the capacity needed. For the short-shifting to be effective, the Primary OS/ applications partition should be set somewhat economically- not too much rattle room. Example > My primary drive, in the process of being reset, is a Western Digital RE4 500GB and will have a 150GB OS/Programs C; partition (112GB used), then a 100GB partition for active files (50GB used) an 100GB partition that is archive (30GB used), and a 100GB for system image (85GB used) for a rapid restore. Also, when the system image is made before a lot of computer use, it will be "pristine" and even if there isn't a drive failure, a restoration of the clean, error-free image will revive the performance.
There are also your two old 700GB and 270GB drives to consider-and these are great value in the dangerous world of RAID 0. My thought when using old drives is that they are more likely to fail before the new drives, so you might make these dedicated backup drives so that both simply duplicates of the primary drives, except there would be no OS/applications partition so each file storage partition could be increased. If you have extensive sound or video files that are not often accessed, that would be the place for them. The system image partitions could be increased to hold two since computers tend to evolve and add programs. But, again, having that very clean, early image is very useful.
Another way to use the old drives is to place one or both in an external USB enclosure and use them for backup. The value of this is that you can run these only when backing up, accessing files, or making a large transfer to another computer not on a network. These might be used to backup files from work as a safety measure. In my old architectural office, the head draughtsman took either a tape cartridge or portable drive with all the current projects home every night. In this use, these drives are running the minimal time necessary, and will therefore last much longer, and are more highly protected- electrical, thermal, or theft. Your eggs are not all in one basket. In fact, one could be kept at a separate location, or at least in the other room. The greatest disasters I've seen with computers is not mechanical or viruses, but theft- laptops especially, and when everything is carried away at once, it can put prople out of business a long time.
Another disk system optimixzation is through the use of PCI plug-in Disk controllers. I'm waiting for the arrival of an LSI Logic SAS/SATA RAID Controller (SAS3080X), which plugs into a PCI-x (not PCI-e) 133MHz slot. The PCI-x was common in servers until about three-four years ago and was transitional between PCI and PCI Express and was there purposely for these controllers- I can't recall any other device being made for PCI-x. This kind of controller takes advantage of the greater bandwidth of the later PCI variants. I'm hoping this will improve this will disk performance. Currently, on my elderly (2009) computer, reads are running about 133MB/s and writes at 130MB/s - not bad for these 3GB/s drives on a conventional onboard SATA controller, but the LSI card is supposed to provide up to 2.4GB/s. I'll see if there is such a dramatic improvement, but as long as I'm using mechanical drives, the disk performance is a weak link in my system. I am not so interested in instant startup as in having fast large file transfers- 10GB and more, which I seem to do often because of obsessive backing up.
If you find you are are dissatisfied with your disk performance, LSI and others make SATA RAID controllers for the PCie slot that can control a lot of drives- up to 500, at very high performance, and in all RAID configurations. I don't even know what RAID 60 is, but it sounds expensive and these controllers can make it. As an example of the PCIe controllers benefit, my Dell Precision T5400 has a disk score of 935 on Passmark Performance Test 8, whereas an i7-3960X / GTX 680 system using an LSI MR9265-8i (RAID unknown, drives unknown) has a disk score of 30,051.
And to think, my first computer (IBM 486 @ 50MHz, 2MB RAM) with mechanical hard drive- 1993- had a capacity of 85MB and that included DOS6, Windows 3.1, AutoCad 10 DOS, Corel Graphics Suite 3, Wordperfect 6- the first graphical interface, and all my files. In six months that drive was filled. DOS could only see 528MB and the replacement 540MB drive was $570- more than $1/MB. That price per MB would make your two 1TB drives together cost about $2,200,000. Adding 2MB of RAM to have the maximum 4MB cost $180- or the equivalent of $9,000 per GB. At that rate, the 16GB RAM in my Dell Precision would have cost me $144,000. I can even top that horrifying accounting. My father worked with computers since the early 1960's and in the 1970's his company bought for their IBM 360, one of the first magnetic hard drives. It was the size of an oil drum- fifty, twenty-four inch diameter platters, had a storage capacity of 5MB, and cost about $50,000, or $10,000 per MB. Lets see, your 2TB would then add about $20,000,000,000 ($20 Billion) to your credit card.
The good old days of computing are now!
Cheers,
BambiBoom
[Dell Precision T5400, 2X Xeon quad core x5460 @ 3.16GHz, Quadro FX 4800, 16GB DDR2-667, RE4 and Seagate 500GB][Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit > AutoCad, Revit, Solidworks, Adobe CS4, Corel Technical Designer, WP Office, MS Office]