OK, here is how you determine what the problem is.
First, preferably before you power up the computer for the first time that day, unplug everything from it and carefully open up the case.
Slowly unmount the case fan and watch carefully for any tiny objects falling out as you do.
Assuming that nothing falls out, set the suspected fan on a piece of cardboard and temporarily plug in and power up the computer to see if the sound repeats itself.
If it does, examine the fan closely and see if you can determine if there is a physical reason for the sound.
If no sound, there is probably a nearby wire that was partially obstructing the fan and causing the sound you describe, or a small piece of debris that fell out unobserved as you were removing the fan.
If it still makes the sound and you can not determine a physical cause for it, then a bearing is going bad and you need to replace the fan. Same thing if the fan makes the sound but it dies away as you watch it operate. Bad bearing.