I agree with vive, the partitions are separate and don't get affected by each-other.
I had a windows 7 and 8.1 dual boot, and upgraded my windows 7 to windows 10, while keeping 8.1.
When PC turned on, gave me option to boot from windows 8.1 or windows 10. However I would recommend the upgrade via "keep files" method, not "delete everything", as it might wipe the whole HDD if both OSes on 1 HDD.