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First of all, we have to differentiate between the two different types of storage devices.
The hard drive has come a long way since its invention in 1956. The IBM 350 Disk Storage was the first commercial hard drive and it stored less than 5 MB, which sounds ridiculously low compared to today’s terabyte disks. Then consider that the 305 RAMAC was based on 50 24-inch platters spinning at 1,200 RPM!
It took almost 30 years until hard drives were standardized using the ATA and SCSI interfaces, and until they reached affordable capacities in the two-digit megabyte range. Another decade passed until 3.5” drives were available at multiple gigabyte capacities. We selected an IBM Deskstar DTTA-351010 with 10.1 GB of capacity because it is one of the few old hard drives we have that is still fully operational, and because this is a capacity you’d typically choose for convenient storage media such as DVD recordables or flash-based thumb drives today.
However, hard drives still are the most controversial component in a PC, as they have increased their capacity to impressive levels without gaining in performance proportionally. We’ve had several articles that deal with hard drive characteristics in detail; they may help you understand hard drive performance better:
15 Years of Hard Drive History: Capacities Outran Performance
Understanding Hard Drive Performance: A Guide to Hard Drive Selection
Should You Care About Hybrid Hard Drives?
Flash Developed Much Faster
The development of flash memory has not only been quicker, but it has also been almost exponential, meaning that capacities have at least doubled every year. While flash has been used to store operating code for all sorts of devices such as the PC BIOSes and firmware for consumer devices, it has also been developed as a general-purpose storage medium for all types of applications.
While first-generation flash storage products typically offered only several megabytes of capacity and poky USB 1.1 performance, today’s flash-based USB thumb drives are often bottlenecked by the USB 2.0 interface. Capacities have increased to 64 GB. And 32 GB USB thumb drives are fairly affordable.

If flash capacities keep doubling every year, cheap flash-based storage devices will deliver more capacity than entry-level hard drives. Although capacity increases for hard drives will continue to be substantial, flash-based storage will increase in capacity more quickly. That said, reaching mainstream HDD capacity levels is way out of reach for the next few years.
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I am probably being a bit of pompous person but...
"The development of flash memory has not only been quicker, but it has also been almost linear, meaning that capacities have at least doubled every year."
To my layman's understanding, that doubling you were talking about describes an exponential rise in capacity, not a linear one. The graph even bears this out.
What happened to harddisk after 2008 (see the chart)? What is minimum harddisk/USB capacity mean?
I am probably being a bit of pompous person but..."The development of flash memory has not only been quicker, but it has also been almost linear, meaning that capacities have at least doubled every year."To my layman's understanding, that doubling you were talking about describes an exponential rise in capacity, not a linear one. The graph even bears this out.
Reasonable, agreed. Based on the data there, it looks more like an exponential increase. Change made.
honestly i think it will still be many years before we see the disappearance of the ol' magnetic metal platter hard drives sure they hvent cahnged much aside from capacity , but the capacity is what it is all about , a tetra byte hdd can be had for around 200 bucks last i checked , a regular desk top flash drive at 128 gb is still going for 3000 bucks athte cheapest , more and more software is requireing sapce of 20 gigs + thumb sized usb flash drives jsut wont meet capacity demand in a timely enough fashion to ever threaten the old HDD's for teh future i see regular flash SDD's at 16 gb gettign cheap enought ath folks will ue them for teh OS only , but our old HDD's wil still be in use for many eyars to come when it comes to storing large applications such as 3ds max photoshop and games.
very interesting article, thank you for posting it. very refreshing.
Tom's is certainly not known for editorial excellence, but at least the articles are generally technically accurate. Frankly, that's fine - if I want flowery prose, I can read the Economist. This article, though, is especially poor. The "Capacity Development" chart, in addition to being a poorly formatted, generic Excel chart, is particularly weak.
What in the world does it matter what the minimum capacity was of any of these drives? Even if it did matter, the chart is ridiculously inaccurate - 200gb is the minimum ATA size? Right.... how about those ten thousand new shrink wrapped 80gb drives I have in stock right now? Who cares, anyway? What a pointless data series to include!
Then, the authors make extrapolations into the future which they present as being valid and factual data points, equal in relevance to real data points. When presenting guesses along with real data, the authors should make sure to highlight the points that are extrapolations. They should at least give those guesses asterisks or highlight the background of the chart to indicate that there’s an important difference in the data being presented. And when they extrapolate, even reasonably, about one set of data points, why wouldn't they also give reasonable guesses for the other data series? At a glance, this chart makes it look like flash drives are already almost equal to hard drives in capacity because the authors put their guesses about the future of flash drives on the chart but fail to do the same for traditional disks. If they posted reasonable guesses for hard drives (say, 50% per year, though I'd recommend a more thorough analysis of the long term trend to arrive at a better estimate) then they would have seen that in the same year they project flash to be at 1tb, hard drives will likely be at 5tb - hardly almost equal!
Next, the authors both seem to have missed a simple error that seriously affects the visual impact of the graph. After flash is projected to hit 128gb next year, they show it at 512gb in 2010. 256gb is passed completely by. So by their own reasoning, the size of flash disks in 2010 is likely to be about half what they show on this chart.
For an article that's not necessarily timely or relevant, it should at least have been a nice look at where things were ten years ago, where they are today, and where they might be in the future. A look at actual productivity or something like that might have been nice, in addition to a more thoughtful presentation of the data.
I only criticize Tom’s because I love it, btw. This is a generally great site, but there’s always room for improvement.
Tom's is not particularly known for editorial excellence, but at least the articles are generally technically accurate. That's fine - if I want flowery prose, I can read some essays or something. This article, though, is especially poor. The "Capacity Development" chart, in addition to being a poorly formatted, generic Excel chart, is particularly weak.
What in the world does it matter what the minimum capacity was of any of these drives? Even if it did matter, the chart is ridiculously inaccurate - 200gb is the minimum ATA size? Right.... how about those ten thousand new shrink wrapped 80gb drives I have in stock right now? Who cares, anyway? What a pointless data series to include!
Then, the authors make extrapolations into the future which they present as being valid and factual data points, equal in relevance to real data points. When presenting guesses along with real data, the authors should make sure to highlight the points that are extrapolations. They should at least give those guesses asterisks or highlight the background of the chart to indicate that there’s an important difference in the data being presented. And when they extrapolate, even reasonably, about one set of data points, why wouldn't they also give reasonable guesses for the other data series? At a glance, this chart makes it look like flash drives are already almost equal to hard drives in capacity because the authors put their guesses about the future of flash drives on the chart but fail to do the same for traditional disks. If they posted reasonable guesses for hard drives (say, 50% per year, though I'd recommend a more thorough analysis of the long term trend to arrive at a better estimate) then they would have seen that in the same year they project flash to be at 1tb, hard drives will likely be at 5tb - hardly almost equal!
Next, the authors both seem to have missed a simple error that seriously affects the visual impact of the graph. After flash is projected to hit 128gb next year, they show it at 512gb in 2010. 256gb is passed completely by. So by their own reasoning, the size of flash disks in 2010 is likely to be about half what they show on this chart.
For an article that's not necessarily timely or relevant, it should at least have been a nice look at where things were ten years ago, where they are today, and where they might be in the future. A look at actual productivity or something like that might have been nice, in addition to a more thoughtful presentation of the data.
I only criticize Tom’s because I love it, btw. This is a generally great site, but there’s always room for improvement.
That's a good catch. If capacities double every year, then 2010 should reach 256GB, not 512. 1TB would be hit in 2012 (in theory).
There are already 128GB SSDs on Newegg today (2008). Doubling every year would mean, 256GB in 2009, 512GB in 2010 and so on.
128GB SSD Patriot Flash Drives on Newegg run for $450 before mail-in rebate.
they should have thrown in a velociraptor >.>
KIDDING, I like this article, shows how far we've progressed in the technical field. YAY FOR HOO-MANS!
I understand the relative merits of publishing a report such as this. "Tom" points to a rather swift increase and CHANGE in storage media. One poster said he didn't think the solid state device would ever supplant the spinning disc. What "tom" may be hinting to is that day is coming and it may not be so far away. As USB 3.0 is distributed more widely will we see a resulting skip upward in the functionality of new USB drives? Will Intel ever allow for a RAID configuration of multiple large thumb drives?
I could imagine a USB 3.0 compliant solid state storage device on a mother board (similar to EPROM)with entire OS(s) as the startup partition.
Imagine the savings in electrical costs to an organization with Flash drives as the primary storage medium.
I wonder how much that hard disk cost when it was new, compared to the same for that flash drive...
First, Good Article!
Finding out pursuing it would be a waste of my time is also a benefit.
Saddly enough, I have some 60GB ATA drives running in a server now (dual 500Mhz machine...the 2 ATA's were an upgrade from the old SCSI array of a number of 8GB drives) that stores 2 Oracle databases. Technology that is cheap and could give a speed boost to such old monstrosities is always a plus
Something else that I have wondered about and thought Tom's might be willing to try... a caching controller with a standard HDD and a SSDD in RAID 1. Best of both worlds or worst waste of money ever?
This bring about an interesting question if someone could please answer:
According to this article, it's better to run a virtual machine from a 1.8" USB HDD (are there smaller USB storage devices that use a rotating platter?) than a "high performance" (ocz rally is pretty good, right) usb flash drive?
I wonder how much that hard disk cost when it was new, compared to the same for that flash drive...
Hahahaha so true... back then a decent PC was 3-5 thousand dollars, not even a top of the line machine. Now you can get a PC thats decent for less then 1 thousand and 2 thousand is getting near top of the line with out getting into extreme territory which will always be more expensive.
There are already 128GB SSDs on Newegg today (2008). Doubling every year would mean, 256GB in 2009, 512GB in 2010 and so on.
Of course SSD has a higher capacity (and is much faster too). But the article and the chart have nothing to do with SSD. It to pertains specifically to USB drives (Flash Sticks, thumb drives, etc.), not SSD. Therefore it's wrong.
Given the nature of growth (exponential), a semi-log plot would have been a better representation...you could have gone back in time farther than you did in your graph, without the ridiculous distortion at far left =)
New technology outperforms 10-year-old technology! Film at 11!
The author remarks that MLC flash reads are terrible, but I believe that he failed to account for moderately sophisticated drivers such as that in the 80 gig Intel MLC flash drive reviewed just a day or two ago, which showed competitive write rates.