Commodore has brought back the “Totally Accurate Controller” joystick, better known by C64 and Amiga aficionados from the 80s as the TAC-2. In an email to Tom’s Hardware, a Commodore exec explained that used TAC-2s are becoming rare. “Secondhand units in decent shape go for $100 or more,” it was noted, so the decision was made to remake these controllers that have been out of production for more than 40 years. Commodore has sprinkled some worthwhile new and improved features on the TAC-2, too, pricing the new model at $49.99.

• See the new Commodore TAC-2 Joystick

In addition to the observed shortage/skyrocketing pricing of used TAC-2 units on marketplaces like eBay, Commodore surveyed its fans before deciding to remake the TAC-2. Apparently, it was one of the top two suggestions from fans. The other one was “something called an ‘Amiga,’ whatever that is,” teased Commodore in its official press release. Amiga talks are ongoing, so a revamped 16-bit home computer isn’t ready yet.

The original TAC-2 controller was released in 1983 by a firm called Suncom and earned a reputation for durability, backed by manufacturer claims that units had been tested for 3 million moves without failure. It also earned a reputation for accuracy, and fire buttons on its left and right front corners made the TAC-2 a great choice for both right-handed and sinistral folk.

After securing exclusive trademark rights, Commodore has set out to not just remake but meaningfully enhance the TAC-2 for 2026. Starting from the outside, there’s the chicken-lips logo integration… That’s not all though, as Commodore has also decided to reissue the TAC-2 in five colorways. These include three options that mirror the C64 Ultimate, providing BASIC Beige, Starlight, and Founders (gold) color options. It has added LEDs in the clicky fire buttons of these models, too, which is new. Two further color options are C= White (like the C64C) and Knight Black, and “for purists,” these eschew the LEDs.

Beyond the cosmetics, it is good to hear Commodore has actually strengthened the assembly at the heart of this joystick. Apparently the original design used an automobile TR-418 tire valve assembly, but as these are “made with weaker, thinner copper today,” Commodore has fabricated its own steel shaft, boasting “we think ours is even stronger.”

Just like the original, the TAC-2 connects using a 9-pin controller port so will work with your original retro gaming hardware, including the C64 Ultimate. Commodore reminds those eyeing this stick that USB adaptors are easily sourced via various outlets, so you can use joysticks like the TAC-2 with modern PCs and devices. This joystick measures 101 x 101 x 114mm, weighs about 300g, and the supplied cable is 2 meters in length.

You can purchase a new TAC-2 for $49.99, or $64 for a limited Founders Edition with gold PVD accents. Pre-orders are open, and shipping will commence on October 20, 2026.

A Steam Deck enthusiast and modder is close to finalizing the ‘SteamBoy.’ Of course, this WIP project shoehorns the brains and brawn of Valve’s Steam Deck into the form factor of the original Nintendo Game Boy. If it were the other way around, for some bizarre reason, it would be called the GameDeck. PhyFawkes’ project appears to be progressing splendidly, though the non-trivial hurdles of designing a custom display adapter PCB and fitting a new screen remain.

PhyFawkes’ SteamBoy project began after a handheld gaming lightbulb moment. “The Steam Deck motherboard seems pretty small,” the Redditor thought to themselves. “I wonder if you could make a Steam Deck the size of a Game Boy?”

As you can see from the embedded photos, a lot of the design already completed for this hybrid modern heart in a retro shell device seems spot on. We’d appreciate more beige, but that’s mere cosmetics and a simple 3D printer filament swap in the future, perhaps. PhyFawkes says that, as the project stands, “It has a fully functional LCD Steam Deck motherboard, battery, speakers, and all the face buttons you see here. No custom PCBs needed (so far), and all within the dimensions of a Game Boy.”

Elsewhere in their Reddit post, we learn that a 30 x 7mm fan and heatsink from AliExpress have been used, alongside a custom 3D-printed mount, to cool the new SteamBoy. Using this cooler design and a smidgen of undervolting, reasonable max temperatures of between 70 and 80 degrees Celsius have been observed when gaming.

Getting the screen to interface and fit doesn’t sound like an insurmountable task from the description. The Redditor admits it will be a challenge to fit the “1200x1080, 90Hz AMOLED panel, originally intended for VR” into the shell, but they have a plan. A custom adapter PCB, to be situated between the Steam Deck ribbon cable and the display, is in the making. Then, a BIOS mod will need to be implemented. PhyFawkes says this firmware change will be similar to those seen in the DeckHD and Deck Sight projects.

For those of you thirsty for more SteamBoy info, the modder has also just shared a Reddit post packed with teardown images, and another post demonstrating the unit. This video demo shows the SteamBoy operating while attached to a monitor. That’s the only way to use the device until the aforementioned screen integration challenges are met. “Hopefully it won't be too long before that's working as well,” added PhyFawkes in a comment.

Some announcements arrive with fireworks, while others show up as a single easily missed tweet during a flurry of QuakeCon announcements to quietly close one of the longest-running oddities in PC gaming. After roughly 25 years, Return to Castle Wolfenstein (RTCW) is finally available in Germany in its original, uncut form. Bethesda Deutschland dropped the news amidst its QuakeCon announcements, bringing an end to a censorship saga regarding Nazi symbolism that stretches all the way back to the game's original 2001 release.

If you weren't around for PC gaming in 2001, it's hard to overstate how different the landscape looked. NVIDIA's GeForce 3 had only recently introduced programmable shaders to consumer graphics cards, the ATI Radeon 8500 was fresh competition, Windows XP was brand new, and legendary pioneers 3dfx had just disappeared after being acquired by NVIDIA. Broadband internet was becoming more common, but plenty of multiplayer sessions still happened over LANs, and a Pentium III or Athlon paired with 256 MB of RAM was enough to run one of the latest engine technology showcases.

Built on id Tech 3, perhaps better known as the tech that powered the incredible Quake III Arena, Grey Matter's Return to Castle Wolfenstein looked fantastic for its day, and it also inherited the series' unmistakable identity. See, ever since Castle Wolfenstein in 1981, and even more so after Wolfenstein 3D essentially invented the first-person shooter as we know it a decade later, the games have been about one thing above all else: shooting Nazis.

That identity created a problem in Germany. For decades, games depicting Nazi symbolism faced legal and regulatory hurdles that films did not, resulting in a heavily modified German version. In RTCW, swastikas disappeared, Nazi organizations were renamed, Heinrich Himmler became the fictional "Heinrich Höller," and references to the Third Reich gave way to the equally fictional "Wolf Clan."

At first glance, that sounds like the sort of censorship that simply strips away context, yet RTCW was already a strange game. The opening hours suggest a relatively grounded World War II action title. You wake up in a prison with a knife, you fight Nazis in a castle, and things seem normal for about a whole hour before rapidly veering into supernatural pulp. Within a few missions, you're fighting zombies, exploring haunted crypts, and watching the SS dabble in increasingly implausible occult experiments.

By the end, the final boss isn't Hitler (mech suit or no) or a secret superweapon, but Heinrich I, historically known as Henry the Fowler. He was a real 10th-century German king, supposedly resurrected in the game through dark ritual. He's also somewhat infamously a surprisingly manageable final boss, making for a finish both absurd and anticlimactic after the game's escalating parade of undead knights and bizarre experiments.

Seen through that lens, the censored version accidentally became a different story. Instead of Nazis attempting to exploit medieval occult power, it played more like an ancient secret society preserving itself across the centuries before trying to resurrect its long-dead founder. It's arguably a cleaner fantasy premise. The "Wolf Clan" makes more narrative sense once the game fully commits to gothic horror. However, it does make the opening chapters, where an OSS Ranger is somehow investigating a shadowy organization seemingly unrelated to the wider war, a bit awkward.

The catch, of course, is that it stops feeling much like Wolfenstein. The series' DNA is inseparable from infiltrating Nazi strongholds and sabotaging increasingly desperate attempts to turn the tide of World War II. Remove that element, and the title itself starts to feel like an artifact from another game series altogether.

It's a curious example of something that occasionally happens with censorship across entertainment. More often than not, edits simply leave a work feeling diminished. Every so often, though, these constraints produce something unexpectedly memorable. The Texas Chain Saw Massacre owes much of its enduring reputation to how much horror it leaves to implication rather than explicit gore, and that decision was made due to the ratings board. Similarly, action film edits for TV often cut gory death scenes, which can ironically improve the pacing of the film.

Return to Castle Wolfenstein belongs in that same conversation, albeit for different reasons. The German version wasn't a better version of the game in any objective sense, but it accidentally shifted the genre. Instead of occult Nazis, it became a story about an ancient cult whose descendants had survived into the modern era. That's a premise that I personally find more appealing and even internally consistent, even if it comes at the expense of the series' defining theme.

So, after a quarter of a century, German players can finally buy the same uncensored game that much of the rest of the world has had since 2001. It's ironic, and it's about time, too. While Germany relaxed its gaming rules in 2018, allowing modern entries like The New Order to go uncut in 2019, Grey Matter's 2001 classic remained stuck in censorship limbo until now. For game preservation, historical authenticity, and simple consumer choice, that's unquestionably the right outcome. Yet it also marks the quiet retirement of one of gaming's strangest alternate versions; a release that, through a combination of legal necessity and narrative coincidence, accidentally stumbled into telling a very different and potentially more compelling story.

Folks in Germany should now be able to pick up the uncensored version of the classic game on sale for just two dollars at Steam and GOG, or you can get a bundle that includes the original Wolfenstein 3D for just a dollar more. If you grab it, make sure to check out the RealRTCW overhaul mod that radically improves the game with modern features like proper widescreen support and cleaner OpenAL audio.

An extensive Atari ST floppy disk database can now easily be accessed by all netizens. Originally created to serve floppy images to the owners of the SidecarTridge multi‑function hardware add‑on for the Atari ST family (ST, STE, Mega ST, TT, Falcon), anyone can now browse, search, and download the .ST files to use with other hardware, emulators, or even to rewrite the disk images to actual floppies.

After reading the announcement, I decided to check out the online repository. My favorite old platformer series was there, with more than one disk featuring the legendary Turrican and Turrican II releases. I also checked and confirmed public domain/shareware favorites like Gravity Force were available, as was Llamatron, and the mono high-resolution Bolo. Some things I looked for, like the Stupendous Demo, seemed to be missing, as were serious art and DTP tools I used to dabble with in the 90s.

The database is pleasingly new and regularly maintained, though. For example, it has 41 Atari ST disks flagged as recent arrivals. These are a mix of old releases being added, and some extremely new titles like new homebrew games, and a collection of demos released at Sommerhack 2026 just last month.

As indicated in the intro, this disk database was originally collated for direct access via hardware designed to bring several modern conveniences to those who still cling to original Atari ST-family computers. The SidecarTridge slots into the computer’s cartridge port, hence the name. It is much more than a ‘Gotek-style’ flash card floppy loader, though. This Raspberry Pi Pico W RP2040 microcontroller-powered device can also load different ROMs (the Atari ST’s entire OS and GEM desktop were loaded from ROM for super-fast,t no-disk-needed booting) via its microSD card slot. It also provides hard disk emulation, networking features (Wi-Fi for downloading Atari ST Public Floppy Database disks), access to RTC, and modern keyboards, mice, and other peripherals.

Another day another Doom port, but the new DoomPaint stands out from the crowd for a few reasons. Firstly, it has been developed by Mark Russinovich, the Microsoft Azure CTO. Secondly, DoomPaint runs the actual original shareware Doom release using MS Paint as the monitor or viewport for in-game action. That’s different, and it is remarkable to read that the OLE clipboard hack behind this latest Doom escapade allows the game to run at a fair pace, up to 35 FPS, but might also sometimes be “spreadsheet-tier,” according to the author.

“The actual Doom engine (ViZDoom) runs the real shareware DOOM1.WAD — with the BSD-licensed Freedoom WADs covering the episodes shareware doesn't ship — and renders headlessly,” explains Russinovich on the project GitHub page. “Every frame is placed on the Windows clipboard and pasted into Paint's canvas as a genuine document edit.” The Microsoft CTO adds that the relatively low frame rate “is part of the charm” of DoomPaint, but 35 FPS isn’t bad, if you can make it, especially in 1990s PC gaming terms.

There are files, resources and instructions on how to run DoomPaint on the GitHub site. Depending on your machine you may be able to run this version of Doom at a full 35 FPS at 320 x 200, or even 640 x 400 pixels. It even includes sound and music.

Towards the end of the README file, Russinovich says that “Paint renders the game but does not compute it. Paint computes nothing. Paint has never computed anything. That's the joke.” DoomPaint is distributed under the MIT license.

Russinovich started at Microsoft in 2006, where he’s transformed SysInternals into the backbone of Windows diagnostics. More recently he’s shaped Azure’s architecture, security, and reliability. Over the past year he has, accidentally or by design, become well known as a leading voice behind addressing the many shortcomings of Windows 11.

It's therefore kind of surprising that this busy CTO has time to fiddle with projects like DoomPaint. However, the most dedicated coding and computer enthusiasts will also code and compute in their spare time.

GameStop has listed a Doom Floppy Disk Limited Edition Imitation Gold Plated Replica at $29.99. Let’s unpick that for a moment. These are imitation floppy disks coated in imitation gold, delivered in a commemorative box. There’s a display stand included, too. However, these are non-functioning 'floppy disks' inspired by the Doom v1.2 shareware release and don’t contain any game data. Doom's single-level ‘Knee‑Deep in the Dead’ shareware release is still free to download, though, as it has been for many years.

“What's more retro than obsolete technology?” asks Fanattik, the collectibles maker behind this useless physical media. “Celebrating the humble 3½-inch, 1.44 MB floppy disk that the game was originally released on back in 1993, this limited edition Doom Floppy Disk Replica plated with imitation gold comes in a box displaying the original game artwork, has a display stand included, and is individually numbered as one of 5,000 worldwide.” Pre-orders are now open at GameStop in the US for $29.99 or directly from Fanattik in the UK at £19.99.

The 89 x 89 mm dimensions of the golden-but-not-gold and 3.5-inch-but-not-floppies make them at least the correct size. However, if I were buying fake floppies, I think I would appreciate a movable protective sliding mechanism and the write-protect cutout toggle to move, so I could fidget with them from time to time.

Also, in some ways, it is ironic that game media is now being licensed and hawked to fans, at non-trivial prices, without any game data contained on them. This seems to be a growing trend as the games industry moves inexorably to a digital-only future. People still covet the physical media so much that they are now willing to pay for it, even without any game data or download code being associated with it.

The original Doom v1.2 shareware edition was released on two floppy disks in Feb 1994, and it is famous for adding modem support to this seminal game. If you paid and registered Doom v1.2, you would get four floppy disks from id Software containing the full three-episode campaign. The registered release disk set stayed on four floppies until the CD-ROM era.

A retro shop owner based in Waukesha, Wisconsin, located some 15 miles west of Milwaukee, discovered that he was holding on to a rare stash of NES carts in his storage room. According to Nintendo Wire, these cartridges were never-before-seen versions of Duck Hunt and Super Mario Bros., which were some of the most popular games on the Nintendo Entertainment System. What’s more important is that these haven’t been opened, and the original owner said that these supposedly came directly from Nintendo of America. Their condition is so pristine that PSA (Professional Sports Authenticator) gave them extremely high grades of no less than 9.6, with five units getting the coveted perfect 10.

Kevin Braun, the owner of the retro shop OneStopWonders, said that a person sold him the cartridges years ago and that they’ve just been sitting untouched in his storage unit. The man said that his grandfather owned a business that recovered precious metals from circuit boards, and that this box was supposedly sold to him for salvaging. It’s unknown how it ended up in storage instead of recycling, but Braun bought it from the seller, thinking he could resell it in his shop for around $10 to $15 each.

Thankfully, he forgot about these cartridges until his friend and EIC of Nintendo Wire, Jason Ganos, got a chance to look at them. When he saw the carts for the first time, Ganos knew that he was looking at something special but didn’t realize how exceptional they were until he shared the find on a high-end gaming Facebook group. Two different people working as directors at different grading companies then reached out to him, telling him that there was something strange about these cartridges. They then asked for more photos of one cartridge and the manual and even told him to disassemble one unit for a deeper inspection.

This is where he discovered that these cartridges were some of the last produced units made during the 40th week of 1993. The manuals weren’t seen before, either, with the back page saying, “maintenance or service,” whereas previous known versions said, “maintenance or repair.” Because of these finds, he proceeded to take a flight to PSA in California early the next morning, where the grading company confirmed its authenticity.

It seems that the cartridges in the box were made as replacements for warranty repairs or refurbished consoles, or as part of a bundle that never saw release. We would never know which is true, though, unless Nintendo of America confirms why they were made. If you’re an avid collector or simply want to get your hands on an original Nintendo game that hasn’t been released, three carts will be auctioned off at Goldin Auctions starting August 12.

It’s unclear how much these carts will go for, but it’s estimated that they’d cost at least four digits, with the perfect 10s possibly hitting five digits. This is possible, given that an ultra-rare NES Gold Nintendo World Championships cartridge auction sat at $77,000 and probably sold for a much higher price. So, if you want to get your hands on this, you’d better have a war chest of at least $100,000 to guarantee that you can get one — just don’t blow on it if you insert it in your NES console and it doesn’t work for the first time.

As fans wait for Nintendo's announcement of a release date for its The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time remake for the Nintendo Switch 2, developer Chris "Kahris" Sotraidis has introduced something to tide over the more impatient among them. HarkinianPad is a port of the Nintendo 64 classic that runs natively on iOS and iPadOS.

Leveraging OpenAI's Codex and GPT-5.6 Sol, Kahris overcame the limitations of traditional emulation and the restrictions of the Nintendo 64 and delivered modern features like widescreen, full-screen support, and buttery-smooth 60 FPS gameplay—but you'll still need to bring your own ROM.

Released in 1998 on the Nintendo 64, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time is widely regarded as one of the greatest titles in gaming history. Nintendo later launched a remake for the Nintendo 3DS in 2011. For those without a Nintendo 64 or Nintendo 3DS, the classic was eventually available on the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2 through the Nintendo Switch Online Expansion Pack. Those restrictions were a drag for gamers who wanted to experience the game but did not own a Nintendo console.

Fortunately, a group of developers known as the Zelda Research Team (ZELDARET) decompiled The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time into C in 2021, which enabled developer Harbour Masters to create Ship of Harkinian, an unofficial native port of the Nintendo 64 classic, compatible with Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, Nintendo Switch, and Nintendo Wii U.

As you can probably guess by the name of Kahris's project, HarkinianPad is based on the engine from Ship of Harkinian. Kahris had Codex 5.6 Sol adapt the already decompiled C code for iOS. The agent essentially rebuilt it as a native Arm64 application with rendering through Apple's Metal API. It paves the way for better performance and support for higher native resolutions and features that were not available with the original.

HarkinianPad not only runs at full resolution with widescreen support, but it does so at a buttery-smooth 60 FPS. That's a big upgrade over the original's 240p resolution at 20 FPS, which is the best the Nintendo 64's hardware could do at the time.

With HarkinianPad, Kahris introduces a new touch-friendly control scheme. You can use the iPhone or iPad's touch controls or opt for a more traditional setup by connecting a Bluetooth controller, mouse, or keyboard. This flexibility lets newcomers and diehard The Legend of Zelda fans enjoy the game that best suits their play styles.

HarkinianPad is compatible with both iOS and iPadOS, allowing gamers to play The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time on a wide range of Apple devices, from iPhones to iPads. As an open-source project, HarkinianPad is freely available to anyone interested; the latest version and source code are live on the project’s GitHub page. Although HarkinianPad, in keeping with Ship of Harkinian, is not a traditional emulator, it still requires users to possess a legally owned or obtained copy of The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time ROM. The ROM serves as a library where HarkinianPad pulls assets, such as graphics, music, and sound effects, during gameplay.

While Nintendo's official Ocarina of Time remake will doubtless be a boon for Switch 2 owners, it's interesting to see how AI coding tools can allow a solo developer to bring an existing community preservation codebase to a new audience. As these tools become more capable, it'll be interesting to see which other retro titles get a new lease on life as motivated developers pursue new ports for modern platforms.

Back in April of this year, SNK announced the Neo Geo AES+ home console, reviving a legend for the modern era. It was priced at $250 for the base system with a controller, with a release date set for November 12, 2026. Fast forward to today, and you can now pre-order the AES+ on Amazon, along with all ten games launching for it. These games are recreations of the original cartridges, just like the console itself is a 1:1 revival of the OG hardware.

• Buy the Neo Geo AES+ for $249
• Buy the Neo Geo AES+ for $349

The Neo Geo was an icon of its era, responsible for bringing arcade gaming to the couch without compromise. At the time, all the home consoles relied on cut-down silicon from arcade machines, and even their games were highly compressed to save manufacturing costs. SNK and the Neo Geo did things differently. Its games had 300-700 megabit file sizes compared to just 4-16MB the competitors were limited to.

The Neo Geo also had dedicated Zilog and Yamaha chips for high-resolution audio. It had significantly more power than the Sega Genesis and the SNES, which relied on tilemaps, while the Neo Geo could scale, shrink, and animate massive, multi-layered 2D character sprites with zero flickers. It was also marketed as the first 24-bit console on technicality, even though it was really just a very powerful 16-bit system in reality.

Because of its $700 price tag, the Neo Geo was limited to a niche audience of enthusiasts who wanted an uncompromising arcade experience. The new Neo Geo AES+ basically takes that experience and repackages it as faithfully as possible, and ends up providing much better value, especially when adjusted for inflation.

The AES+ looks exactly like the original and features silicon-level recreation of the OG architecture thanks to re-engineered ASIC chips; there's no emulation involved here. Any game cartridge from the 90s will work on it just fine. You still get the crisp AV out if you're still nostalgic about CRTs, though HDMI is available for realists, and there are DIP switches onboard to adjust region/language settings or enable a quick overclock.

The $249 base system doesn't come with games, but SNK is re-releasing 10 classics that you can also buy on Amazon. Each of them costs $90, which is more than a PS5 game, and just $10 short of the ultimate edition of GTA VI. Just to be clear, you can emulate all of these games pretty easily, but owning the cartridge physically is a different kind of feeling, especially these days when it's become a dying breed.

The following games are available for the Neo Geo AES+ on Amazon:

• Metal Slug
• The King of Fighters 2002
• Garou: Mark of the Wolves
• Big Tournament Golf
• Shock Troopers
• Samurai Shodown V Special
• Pulstar
• Twinkle Star Sprites
• Magician Lord
• Over Top

There's a $349 Anniversary Edition, too, that comes in white and includes an exclusive all-white Metal Slug game cartridge in the box. You get a wireless Arcade Stick (instead of wired) and its accessories, along with a memory card. The wireless Arcade Stick costs $120 on its own, while a gamepad is also available for $60.

If you're a true baller, then the $1,000 Ultimate Edition might entice you since it includes the gamepad, one wired stick and one wireless stick, along with all ten of the aforementioned games and a rack to display them. Keep in mind that anything you buy will only be delivered after November 12, 2026, which is the official release date of the Neo Geo AES+.

Not to mention, if you're just a retro gaming enthusiast and not necessarily a collector, then just emulating these games on even your phone should be enough of a nostalgia hit. Nonetheless, projects like these ultimately help preserve culture and remind us of a time before the great evil of today (and tomorrow) known as digital licenses. If you buy the AES+, it will never be at risk of going down offline, and you'll own the games forever.

The developers of RPCS3 have announced that their PlayStation 3 emulator’s minimum system requirements have been adjusted to include a crop of even older Radeon graphics cards. This well-regarded application already supported ATI Terascale 2 GPUs from the Radeon HD 5000 and 6000 series, but now gamers still cradling Radeon HD 2000, 3000, and 4000 series can join in the fun. Some of these GPUs date back nearly 20 years. Please note that while RPCS3 is available for a range of platforms, this extended ATI architecture support is only for Linux users.

Fine wine on Terascale 2

Back in 2021, the RPCS3 devs lowered the emulator’s system requirements to embrace Radeon HD 5000 and HD 6000 (Terascale 2) series graphics cards. In the subsequent five years, the emulator has been tuned to improve performance on hardware from these generations. An example provided asserts that when using Persona 5 as a benchmark, performance in Kamoshida’s Castle went from 35 to 49 FPS between 2021 and today (on a PC system with an ATI Radeon HD 5850, AMD FX-8350 CPU, and 8GB of RAM).

Inspired Terascale 1 experiments

Success spurred the devs to investigate TeraScale 1 performance and compatibility. Some OpenGL wrangling ensued due to TeraScale 1 GPUs only reporting OpenGL 3.3 and GLSL 3.30 support, but getting these old and unloved ATI cards to work with the RPCS3 OpenGL renderer was surprisingly simple. It was done by overriding the reported OpenGL levels to 4.3 and 4.40.

Initial tests made use of a system packing an ATI Radeon HD 4890 with 1GB of VRAM – the most powerful Terascale 1 GPU ever sold. According to the RPCS3 blog, this card has a more powerful GPU than the PS3, but the emulator’s complex shader code is not optimal for older architectures like this. Nevertheless, “Simpler games work perfectly fine, with playable performance,” notes the blog, “while games that have more complex graphics are GPU bottlenecked with subpar performance.” Screenshots show Metal Gear Solid HD Collection and Outrun Online Arcade with frame rates close to 60 FPS.

Moving down the stack and further back in time, GPUs like the ATI Radeon HD 3870 are “still able to render very simple games with playable performance in RPCS,” assert the devs. To achieve playability, you will want to dial in PSP-like resolutions, though. Specifically, 273p was mentioned.

What about the weakest TeraScale 1 GPUs? The ATI Radeon HD 2600 XT with a measly 256MB of VRAM even performs poorly at 273p. Screenshots from RPCS3 tests show it only managing 8 FPS in Outrun Online Arcade and 13 FPS in Portal.

With RPCS3’s progress over the last half decade, these performance numbers could also improve. In fact, the blog states that “future optimization should improve performance by quite a bit on these old GPUs.”

It looks like a good time to dust off your retro PC and try a few old PS3 classics on your ATI TeraScale 1 GPU-accelerated rig. Remember this extended graphics card support requires a Linux distro with the Mesa driver r600. Then you need to launch RCPS3 with the following environment variables: MESA_GL_VERSION_OVERRIDE=4.3 MESA_GLSL_VERSION_OVERRIDE=440 ./rpcs3.AppImage

Developer PaisleyBoxers has released Backrooms 32X, with the strap line “welcome to the cutting edge of 1994.” Yes, this is a Sega 32X game set in the Backrooms, the dingy, yellowing internet phenomenon given a huge boost with the release of the psychological horror indie film earlier this year. Despite the ancient and relatively resource–starved console platform, the devs appear to have captured the Backrooms' essence of “buzzing fluorescents, damp carpet, walls that go on too long” with a raycasting engine written from scratch in C and SH-2 assembly (with some Claude AI assistance).

Above: a slightly earlier Backrooms 32X release running on real Sega 32X hardware. Since this release, some objects can now be pushed over, and there can be chairs in the rooms.

In keeping with the Backrooms theme, this is a claustrophobic adventure game in the signature endless yellowed beige rooms setting, where you seek the exits, then another exit, and another. The game packs in procedurally generated levels, providing endless ‘fun.’ However, there are also community maps built by your fellow players. As a bonus, there’s a browser-based level editor so you can contribute to map designs, too.

When playing the game, your first-person character can crawl and crouch, squeezing through crawlspaces, maintaining Backrooms aesthetics and mechanics. A six-button (rather than a 3-button) Sega control pad is recommended if you are using original 32X hardware to enjoy full control.

Technical achievements

Probably the most noteworthy element of Backrooms 32X, though, is the technical achievement. Highlights include:

• the endless liminal space with procedurally generated levels,
• dual-CPU rendering utilizing both 32X SH-2s,
• a real raycaster rendering textured DDA walls, dynamic ceiling lighting, distance fog, thin partition walls, and half-height cubicle dividers you can see over,
• crawl and crouch — full eye-height perspective,
• and a live, not pre-rendered,  3D intro to the game.

If you are interested in Backrooms 32X, or even in playing any of the new wave of Backrooms gaming content, feel free to give this a spin. Literally free, as it is open source, available on GitHub, and a trivial 1.5MB ROM-ready download via the itch.io link we shared in the intro (version 164, released a couple of hours ago).

You don’t need an actual Sega 32X and flashcart hardware to play. PaisleyBoxers assures that Backrooms 32X also works on MiSTer FPGA, as well as 32X-capable emulators such as RetroArch, BlastEm, Ares, or Kega Fusion.

The static recompilation craze has just hit a milestone with developer @patchzyy sharing a slick and smooth-looking version of “Mario Kart Wii, rebuilt for PC.” Mario Kart Wiicompiled, created using the help of AI coding, is being teased now, with a video embedded below, but isn’t expected to become available as a beta until next month. That is, if it doesn’t get whack-a-moled somehow by the notoriously litigious Nintendo.

For context, several developers have been busy with static recompilation projects over recent years. Successes in recompiling games from platforms like the Nintendo N64 (and Xbox 360) have clearly inspired a generational jump, with patchzyy’s claimed “first static recompilation of a Wii game.” From the brief video, it looks pretty good.

Static recompilation transforms the binary machine code into equivalent native code for the target platform, like PC. Digital archivists and retrogaming fans like static recompilation as it can offer higher performance and stability, removing emulation quirks and overheads. It can also make use of the best features of the modern platform, so Mario Kart Wiicompiled is going to run at up to 4K, with an unlocked frame rate. Moreover, in this case, Retro Rewind community mod compatibility is confirmed, which means that recompiled players will be able to access 200+ race tracks.

At this time, the static recompilation doesn’t use 4K or HD textures or character models. However, these are options open to the community/modders, going forward, just like we see with N64 and other console recompilations.

It will be interesting to see if the Wii’s big gimmick of motion controls, which could be used for Kart steering, will work on Mario Kart Wiicompiled. Perhaps it could even work with original Wii Remotes you might have lying around.

So, are Wii static recompilation title floodgates about to open? There is certainly a nice selection of games folks with Wii disk collections might enjoy playing on their modern PCs connected to their 4K TVs. So, Nintendo might not like seeing this kind of project getting popular, but the devs studiously separate the static recompilation code from the game ‘ROM’ files, which retro gamers may or may not actually own.

Many social media commenters point out that AI was used in the development of Mario Kart Wiicompiled, but that was already made clear in the project FAQ. That document clearly states that AI was used to assist with code only, not for the generation of art or other assets.

An ex-Sega engineer has created a CRT emulator for macOS so realistic that it even supports screen tapping to fix the notoriously sketchy performance of the technology. On Tuesday, a developer showcased a CRT emulation project which some commenters complained was more like a CRT damage simulator. In other words, the CRT effects like flickering, noise, and aberrations were judged by the masses to be somewhat overdone. Today, @GOROman has followed up by demonstrating that the famicom-rf-hackrf-decoder software’s CRT rendering can be improved via an old-school whack to the top of the monitor. See it with your own eyes, in the video embedded below.

The developer of this CRT emulator, GOROman, is an ex-Sega and ex-Facebook software engineer. They explain that the famicom-rf-hackrf-decoder software receives VHF RF output (NTSC-J) from their Famicom (Nintendo NES) via an open-source SDR (software-defined radio) solution dubbed the HackRF One.

With the software running and the NES plugged into the HackRF One, the console’s RF-modulated video can be displayed on VHF channel 1 or 2. However, here you can see it on a modern LCD, in a window on the desktop. Thus the GOROman project is performing a full NTSC-J color decode in software and displaying the result on the desktop in real time via SDL2.

It is further explained that the Famicom “is not broadcast-compliant (non-interlaced 240p, chroma phase advancing 120° per line, one short line per frame).” Therefore, the decoder has to run several processes in the background to avoid quirks like drifts, wobbles, and color burst instability.

In summary, the Famicom’s RF output isn’t ideal for piping into modern monitors, so the decoder has to effectively simulate an analog TV’s brain, locking in the image stability and color. The initial demo shared by GOROman looked so much like a ‘damaged TV’ because the dev wanted to play around "by shifting the VHF frequency (exaggeratedly)." [machine translation] It was an eye-catching, humorous demo.

So, what’s happening with the new video and demo of percussive maintenance support? On social media, some have guessed that the fun picture stability-fixing mechanic could be using feedback from the Apple MacBook’s lid angle sensor. However, I looked at the GitHub page for GOROman’s famicom-rf-hackrf-decoder software, released under the MIT open-source license, and there appears to be an input variable for "audio tap," so the effect may be based on mic audio input.

Someone in the comments has requested a magnet mode to play with the ‘CRT,’ so guess what might happen tomorrow.

The adventurous developer who recently released Linux for the Atari Jaguar (1993) has brewed up a version of the open-source OS for the Sega 32X (1994). If you can’t remember the 32X, it was Sega’s mid-gen answer to early fifth-generation challengers like the Jaguar, 3DO, and Amiga CD32. Sega’s solution added some potent processing power to a mushroom-like slot in an expansion to its popular Mega Drive/Genesis. Now cakehonolulu has got it running Linux, despite facing several major hurdles.

Compared to its Genesis host, the Sega 32X was incredibly muscular. The Genesis had relied on the capable but long-in-the-tooth Motorola 68000 (7 MHz) for years, but the 32X add-on boosted that with a pair of Hitachi SuperH SH2s (SH7604) CPUs (23 MHz). It also ramped up system RAM from the base 64KB by adding 256KB of its own. Sega’s expansion offered more than just speed; the console’s color palette was ramped up from 64 to 32,000 simultaneous colors on screen, and it was powerful enough to introduce hitherto unachievable 3D graphics elements to mainstream console gaming.

As with cakehonolulu’s tale of Linux wrangling on the old Jag, the above-linked blog talks through a long list of hurdles that needed to be leapt to get the Linux kernel booted and running BusyBox. This time around, particularly steely roadblocks included: the even more constrained RAM situation, the lack of hardware synchronization primitives, the desire to get SMP working across the pair of SH2 CPUs, no direct UART access from the 32X, and scheduler bugs, among other things.

On the positive side, smoothing the development process along were access to Chilly Willy’s 32X devkit, the linuxmd project, the Krikzz FPGA-based flash cart with ROM – RAM mapping tools, and existing SH2 documentation and sample projects. Please check through the linked blog for far more technical details from cakehonolulu.

As you can see, cakehonolulu was successful again. So, what’s the next stop for this adventurous dev – the Sega Saturn? Whatever the project may be, it was interesting to read that works like this are basically forming a portfolio for the Spanish dev, which they hope will help them with job hunting.

Barely a day goes by without some retro system developer accomplishing a technical feat that beggars belief. OpenStrike is the latest mad project, creating a proof-of-concept reimplementation of the seminal Counter-Strike for the Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP), a 22-year-old system that arguably has no business running the game.

The port was made by Yifeng Wang (aka doodlestrike), who apparently created his own Rust-based 3D engine called Pocket3D for the affair, along with the PocketJS JavaScript engine for the game rules and UI. Despite the proof-of-concept status, Wang says that elimination matches with bots are already playable, though the game's famous buying stages aren't yet functional. The full set of eight original Counter-Strike maps have already been tested, and interested modders should easily be able to roll their own.

The engine manages to run the game with bots at a steady 60 FPS at the PSP's native 480x272 resolution, thanks to pre-processing graphical assets to directly bake lightmaps into vertex colors (as opposed to real-time or on-startup calculations). Interestingly, Wang kept the old-school BSP (Binary Space Partitioning) rendering method to cull non-visible areas rather than use a fancier modern algorithm, lending credence to the "don't fix what isn't broken" motto.

The game also runs on the PS Vita, a system with 4x the effective resolution of the original at 960x544, with native graphics, without upscaling of either 3D rendering or 2D assets. You should also be able to run the project as a standard desktop game, and naturally, it's playable on the popular PPSSPP emulator. To get the project going, you'll have to provide your own copy of the Counter-Strike asset data, similar to using Doom's original WADs in one of the many ports.

The project's entire technical architecture is impressive, as Wang went way beyond the scope of "make a 3D engine that load maps." Both the Pocket3D and PocketJS 2D engines are generic, and OpenStrike is merely the first "product" that uses them. The code runs on a server/client/event architecture, and the event handling (ex: shooting) is decoupled from the rendering core, preventing nasty FPS dips. The game is testable offline, and most everything is trivially moddable. You should check out the OpenStrike repo if you're interested.

Tobias Friedly, also known as Game of Tobi on YouTube, is quite the wizard when it comes to making the seemingly impossible happen on early Nintendo hardware. His latest venture is getting a limited version of Minecraft running on the Game Boy Color (GBC)... but in 3D. As an added bonus, he even got the game working on the original Game Boy in limited fashion, thanks to both machines' interoperability.

Friedly demonstrated his work in a short YouTube video, where it's plainly visible that he managed to coax the GBC's 8x8 sprites into something visually resembling Minecraft in a three-dimensional projection. Although there are no enemies, inventory, or game logic, the feat is exceedingly impressive given that the hardware was never meant to have 3D games.

This is a significant departure from existing Minecraft demakes for old Nintendo gear, seemingly all of which tried implementing the original game's mechanics in a flat two-dimensional space. Friedly's project appears to be an offshoot of his existing Minecraft 3D for the Gameboy Advance.

Even with the limited GBC hardware, he even went as far as adding a map generator that can create flat or bumpy maps. Blocks of various types (including portals) can be placed and removed, and he even added the Nether area of the game. Game saving and loading is included, and there's an option to enable block textures. Predictably the results are a bit iffy given the limited resolution of the display and the inherent difficulty in faking texture mapping with 8x8 tiles.

Despite running at different speeds and color levels, the Game Boy Color and original Game Boy are for the most part compatible, and Friendly even showed that his clone does run on the original black-and-green Game Boy. It's hard to distinguish blocks on that screen — but it works. If you're interested in trying it out yourself, download the cart files that Friedly published.

Nvidia and Sega have scheduled an event next week to celebrate their history and longstanding friendship. The invitation-only shindig takes place at GiGO Akihabara, Tokyo (you can apply via Twitter/X). Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang will star at the July 15 event, officially unveiling the RTX Spark for the first time in Japan. Attendees will also get a chance to win a GeForce RTX 5090 FE in a raffle.

If you will be in Tokyo on July 15, it might be worth pitching for an invite, and if you’re exceptionally lucky, you might visit the event, then go home with one of the best graphics cards available in 2026. The GeForce Japan social media managers are asking for comments that encapsulate 'memories of Nvidia or Sega' with photos, videos, anecdotes,” and so on (machine translation). You have until sometime on July 12 to concoct your invitation pitch. Remember, Japan time is about half a day ahead of the mainland US time zones.

Though it is clearly spelled out what the Nvidia side of the celebration will present on the day (the RTX Spark and a raffle RTX 5090 FE), no such specific teases have come from the Sega camp.

The lack of any teaser might make you think that Sega isn’t going to reveal anything new at the event, or conversely that something big is on the horizon. But if Sega were to pull a hardware surprise out of the bag, it could make quite a splash.

The Japanese gaming icon exited the console race back in 2001, when it ceased production of the Dreamcast. However, it released rehashed mini consoles like the Genesis Mini and Game Gear Micro at the beginning of the 2020s. More recently, some Mini Arcades (like Sonic, OutRun, and Golden Axe) have been released in partnership with MyArcade. It would be great if Sega could do something ambitious again, or even come out with a mini console capable of handling Saturn or Dreamcast titles. With some kind of lightgun support, please.

Nvidia and Sega – an enduring bond

As mentioned in the intro, Nvidia and Sega are old buddies. Nvidia nearly collapsed in 1996, just three years after its founding, and only the belief and generosity of a senior Sega executive at the time saved Nvidia from the graveyard. This is according to Huang’s recollections of a very difficult time for Nvidia, shared in interviews in 2024.

The story goes that Nvidia’s work to design a GPU for a next-gen Sega console fell through largely due to incompatibility with the emerging DirectX API. Sega’s management appreciated the efforts, though, and believed in young Mr. Huang enough to invest $5M in the green team. This investment gave Nvidia the breathing room to pivot from its previous graphics architecture and come out with the DirectX-friendly RIVA line (1997), followed by the unstoppable GeForce series (1999).

Flipping the infamous early 1990s anti-piracy campaign messaging on its head, the Future Nostalgia Project is asking retro hoarders to Copy That Floppy! Backed by the Cambridge University Library and supported by the Digital Preservation Coalition, the project went online late last year. The project includes an extensive, indexed how-to guide to preserving data currently on your dusty old floppy collection. It covers a plethora of removable media from 8- and 5.25-inch floppies to the iconic 3.5-inch ‘save icon’ diskettes. I’ve been archiving my own very poorly labeled collection of diskettes before bit rot gets them, and while the necessary hardware remains affordable.

The published guide focuses mostly on saving the material stored on the old removable media. Rewriting the disks to new media and/or accessing the old data that was squirreled within is beyond the scope of the still extensive guide. However, there are links provided to further guides and documentation that cover those subsequent steps.

My 3.5-inch floppy jumble

I originally acquired a good-condition working USB floppy drive from the iMac era to image my collection of 3.5-inch floppies dating back to the 16-bit era. Buying a USB-attached optical drive has already been great for accessing and imaging old CDs and DVDs. However, due to the mix of (poorly labeled) Atari ST, Amiga (OFS, FFS, PFS), PC, Mac, and even Archimedes floppies, I have the USB floppy, which doesn’t cut it. I had to acquire a Greaseweazle because a PC‑compatible USB floppy drive cannot read or write the raw, low‑level disk formats used by Amiga, classic Macintosh, and many other vintage systems.

It’s a bit of a rabbit hole in a minefield, but some vintage used drives you can get via places like eBay are better than others at reading flux transitions (the raw magnetic pulses on the disk) on non-IBM formats. Then, when you image disks, and it isn’t 100% successful, you wonder if your drive is the problem or if it’s the old media…

My first diskette archiving tests immediately hit a speedbump. After a lot of forum reading and investigating, I determined the used 3.5-inch floppy drive I’d sourced to pair with my Greaseweazle had one malfunctioning head. Having the other USB floppy drive allowed me to verify that using a standard PC disk.

My second used floppy drive appears to be OK. I’ve managed to image some Amiga and Atari ST disks and access them, reading files and running programs within the respective emulators. If you don’t know what format the source floppy is, Greaseweazle can handle it by doing a complete flux copy. Then you can look at raw data in tools like HxCFloppyEmulator to understand the original format and make disk images for common emulators. These can be saved to backup disks, as well as the current PC SSD. That’s what I’ve been doing.

I’m also currently digitally archiving compact cassette audio tapes (Yamaha Natural Sound deck), and scanning 35mm film (Canoscan film scanner), among other things, when I’m not writing here. In all these cases, the media is getting so old now that it could be degrading, if not already useless. Moreover, the devices you can wrangle these old formats with are also often nearing the ends of their service lives.

It’s been over 30 years since the cringeworthy Don’t Copy That Floppy campaign hit the airwaves. You can watch the Software Publishers Association-backed video online anytime now, as it's been digitally archived on YouTube. The messaging was clear: copying software results in a loss of income for artists, writers, designers, and programmers, meaning there will be fewer software products in the future.

The Internationale Computerspielesammlung (ICS), a German effort to assemble the world's largest publicly accessible video game archive, is being wound down after roughly €1.5 million in public funding expired at the end of April and the federal government declined to renew it. GamesWirtschaft reported on July 3rd that the project's shareholders voted unanimously to shut it down, leaving the future of its database of more than 60,000 cataloged titles unresolved. This decision comes the same week that Sony confirmed it’s ending physical PlayStation disc production.

The ICS held more than 60,000 games spread across cartridge, floppy disk, CD, DVD, and Blu-ray, alongside manuals, packaging, and hardware, assembled since 2012 from the USK (Germany's game-ratings authority), the Computerspielemuseum Berlin, the industry association Game, and the University of Potsdam. Its public online catalog launched in April 2019 with tens of thousands of entries. The physical holdings remain with the institutions that own them, and whether the shared database and its infrastructure survive is under legal and technical review, according to GamesWirtschaft.

Funding for the ICS came from the Berlin Senate and the federal government's culture commissioner and ran only through late April. Germany's Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR), which took responsibility for games policy in 2025, examined a model for permanent institutional funding and concluded it wasn’t economically viable given the scale of the work involved. Berlin economics senator Franziska Giffey had cautioned earlier in the year that support beyond April wasn't guaranteed.

A 2023 study by the Video Game History Foundation and Software Preservation Network found that 87% of classic games released in the U.S. are out of print and commercially unavailable, a survival rate the researchers put below that of American silent films. In October 2024, the U.S. Copyright Office refused for the fourth time since 2015 to grant a DMCA exemption that would let libraries share preserved games with remote researchers, siding with the Entertainment Software Association.

Meanwhile, fan-run archives face a different set of challenges. Myrient, a repository holding more than 385 TB of preserved games, was set to go offline in early 2026 as AI-driven demand drove up RAM, SSD, and hard-drive prices, before volunteers backed up the collection in full. The ICS shutdown coincides with Sony's confirmation that it will end physical PlayStation disc production in 2028, which will make any future archival attempts all the more difficult.

The appetite for retro computing grows ever larger, and there are probably hundreds of thousands of homebrew software projects targeting machines from the last century. However, few of those are full-featured, 32-bit, and GUI-driven operating systems that can fit in a single floppy, with some modern conveniences to boot. Enter the upcoming HamsterOS, set for release in November.

HamsterOS is seemingly targeted at using PCs from the 386/486 era, along with DOS software. After loading from the floppy disk, it'll present a user interface with most every commonly used utility: a notepad, image viewer, calculator, file finder, drive icons, and a window manager. The file browser should have up to five windows once, complete with per-type icons.

Crucially, HamsterOS includes an in-kernel VM86 DOS box, and a FreeDOS fallback for programs that might not run well within. Other noteworthy tech aspects include support for FAT 12/16/32 with read-back verification, dedicated format and disk utilities, a partition manager, and even SCSI diagnostic tools. The operating system defaults to 16-color VGA resolution, but the ability to use 256 colors exists as a diagnostic option. There's a neat fallback to VGA as a safe mode after three failed crashes, too.

Mean Hamster, the company developing HamsterOS, didn't publish any sort of mission statement, but judging by the feature set and integration with its HamsterWeazle floppy image management utility (for use with GreaseWeazle drives), it seems to be a more practical means of managing and/or using machines from the era.

The list of hardware support is what you'd expect for 1980 and 1990's era machines, comprising ATA IDE and CD-ROM, ISA floppies, serial and PS/2 mice (with wheel support, too). The only supported soundcard is the Sound Blaster 16, though loadable drivers should let tinkerers expand the list; plus it's possible that the built-in FreeDOS support allows for using most any type of hardware regardless.

The multitasking architecture is cooperative, meaning it's somewhat old-school in its approach, with each program in charge of regularly yielding control back to the OS. This is different and inferior at face value than the now-standard preemptive multitasking, but it ought also to allow for generally increased responsiveness with slow disks, lower RAM usage, and broader compatibility with DOS applications. To keep things running smoothly, HamsterOS includes I/O stall detection if it's frozen for over 8 seconds. HamsterOS isn't just meant to run DOS stuff, though, as it has its own app format.

Mean Hamster flatly says that "HamsterOS is well past the 'can it boot' stage" and that most every listed feature is already implemented. The company says it's focusing on stability and performance improvements as well as bugfixes. It seems to be calling the OS a "product," so it seems likely that it'll be commercial and closed-source, unlike most projects of this type. A good tool is always worth paying for, though.

Enterprising enthusiast Wenting has turned an M5Stack PaperS3 dev kit with an e-ink screen into a more-or-less fully functional Game Boy. If you're not a hardware hacker yourself, there's a fair chance you've never heard of Wenting Zhang or Modos Labs. The engineer's "Wenting Channel" on YouTube has been a favorite of niche tech nerds for a long time, showcasing all kinds of hardware hacking expertise. Zhang spent the last several years turning that expertise into Modos Labs, a company whose high-refresh e-Ink displays we've covered before.

Okay, it won't play real cartridges, the sound is kind of jank, and the performance isn't always full speed. Still, this is quite an achievement for a few reasons. The PaperS3 is an e-Ink dev kit, not really a commercial product. It's intended for prototyping and, well, exactly this sort of hardware hacking. A key detail to understand is that this device isn't powered by some multi-core Rockchip or Allwinner SoC, but rather by an ultra-low-cost ESP32-S3 microcontroller with just two cores running at clock rates measured in hundreds of MHz, not GHz. Moreover, its e-Ink display is not really intended for the kind of smooth refresh normally required for playing video games, yet Zhang pulled it off.

To understand how this Game Boy emulator is even possible, you have to understand Zhang's breakthrough with E-ink hardware, which he originally developed for his open-source monitor project, the Modos Flow. He has a whole video explaining the tech, but the summary is basically that he replaced the display controller of a typical e-Ink display with a powerful FPGA so that he could treat every single pixel as an independent display region and then only update the parts of the screen that are actually changing each frame.

How, then, did he achieve this on the embedded controller in the PaperS3? It's only possible because the Game Boy screen is very low resolution by modern standards at just 160x144 pixels. The screen on the PaperS3 is 960x540, so he was able to multiply the resolution by three to give him enough room for dithering to reproduce the four possible shades of the original Game Boy screen. This process takes up almost the entirety of the second CPU core in the ESP32, leaving just enough room for audio processing while the actual emulation happens on the first CPU core.

The end result is a very convincing facsimile of the Game Boy's display, except instead of being a tiny and dim LCD, it's a razor-sharp, crystal-clear e-Ink display. Zhang even implemented some quality-of-life features, such as partial Bluetooth LE controller support as well as dedicated quick-save and quick-load touchscreen 'buttons' to save the emulator's state. You can even load a state directly from the front-end, allowing you to instantly resume where you left off when you have to stop.

That's not to say the project is flawless, though. For one thing, it relies on touchscreen controls with no haptic feedback because the device simply doesn't have the requisite hardware for it. Perhaps more pressingly, the PaperS3 only has a simple piezo buzzer for sound, and while Zhang pulled off some real hackery to get recognizable Game Boy audio out of the mono buzzer (by using pseudo-polyphony like a ZX Spectrum hacker), it doesn't quite sound like a real Game Boy. The hacker also doesn't discuss the battery life of the device while running his emulator; given that he's pushing both CPU cores of the microcontroller to their limits, and also that e-Ink displays are actually quite power-thirsty when driven at 60 Hz, we can't imagine it's great.

If you're keen to try out "Paper Boy S3", Zhang says he's uploaded it to the M5Burner tool that serves as both a firmware flasher and app store for the M5Stack devices. However, as he notes himself in his video on the project, PaperS3 is actually already discontinued by the manufacturer, so you might have a hard time getting hold of one if you don't already. Still, the project serves as a fascinating demo for what can be done with ultra-low-end hardware and a direct counterpoint to at least one of the weaknesses of e-Ink displays.

On this day in 1996, id Software unleashed Quake on the unsuspecting public. The game’s influence is difficult to overstate, with its pioneering 3D engine inspiring the first wave of 3D accelerator PC expansion card purchases, the establishment of online multiplayer competitive culture, and much more. Perhaps its impact on 3D gaming can only be matched by the same development team’s previous outing with Doom.

At launch, Quake drew criticism for its intense violence and gore, which also echoed Doom’s path to infamy among media and political pundits, and caused problems for ratings boards and regulators. However, id Software ignored such noise, insisting they simply made games they enjoy playing. Quake would be the last major id Software production with the ‘classic lineup’ due to burnout and various personal conflicts, notes Wikipedia.

Looking more closely at the technology behind Quake, it was clear the dev team eschewed ‘faking it with 2.5D tricks’ like in previous seminal PC FPS titles such as Doom, Duke Nukem 3D, System Shock, and others. Instead, Quake hit the scene with true 3D polygonal worlds and character models. The true 3D transformation meant that for the first time in FPS, games could enjoy real 3D collision and physics, as well as things like fully 360-degree vision and movement, and more.

With id Software’s new game engine arriving in the Pentium era, but still crushing the best CPUs of the time, it made a market for PC 3D accelerators. These add-in cards first became essential to PC gamers in the late 90s with full 3D engine titles arriving, led by Quake. So in the same era, we saw important hardware releases like the 3dfx Voodoo, ATI Rage, and Nvidia Riva cards. QuakeGL became the killer app to drive sales of these products.

As mentioned in the intro, 3D gaming engines and hardware aren’t the only long-lasting legacies we can attribute to Quake. The game also popularized online multiplayer gaming. Another huge influence Quake had was in inspiring (and allowing) the growth of a talented modding community. As well as numerous custom maps and campaigns, the moddability of Quake enabled total conversions like Team Fortress and Quake Rally, to drop a few names.

Quake would inspire imitators, tributes, and influence many more 3D gaming titles in the years and decades to come. There have also been several Quake sequels, remakes, and the game even sparked machinima film-making, where a game’s 3D world becomes a movie set. Many modern developers, including the founders of Valve, first cut their teeth on Quake modding.

Nowadays, folks have the luxury of the complete source code for winquake, glquake, quakeworld, and glquakeworld available on GitHub. It was released “for entertainment and educational purposes,” but under GPL, it can be used for possible commercial projects, too. Those into this kind of digital archaeology may also be interested in the GitHub repositories for Quake 2 and Quake III Arena.

In summary, Quake didn’t just splash down with one big innovation; it was the weight of multiple key advances that made it so important to the history and the future of PC gaming.

Goldeneye Recomp v1.0 has been released on GitHub by developer SunJaycy. Gaming-focused social media channels are excited with this release, which provides “a native PC port of GoldenEye 007 (Xbox 360 / XBLA), built by statically recompiling the original game into C++ with the ReXGlue SDK,” states the dev. “No emulator — the game runs as a real native executable.” I played the original Nintendo 64 classic for hours in the late 1990s, but this version comes with numerous benefits, including support for modern Windows controllers, online multiplayer, widescreen support, and post-FX filters, all at a purported stable 60 FPS frame rate.

GoldenEye was a seminal release for consoles, establishing that FPS games were a compelling proposition beyond the realms of PCs and keyboard/mouse control. Nintendo / Rare showed that slick, responsive FPS controls were possible on a console, and it felt good to play, with widespread praise from both reviewers and fans. In effect, GoldenEye trailblazed this genre on consoles, thanks in part to the N64’s 3D power and sensitive analog controller. Without its strong approval, we may not have seen the subsequent console developments/releases of games like Perfect Dark, Timesplitters, and many more.

Though it may be exciting for old GoldenEye N64 players (and even those who’ve only experienced the game on N64 emulators), getting the GoldenEye 007 — PC Recompilation installed isn’t a cinch right now. As SunJaycy highlights on the GitHub page for the project, “This repository contains no game code or assets. It is only the source that wraps the game (menus, hooks, online, post-FX, build config).” They go on to explain that “You must find the game files yourself. This game was never released publicly.” So, that’s a challenge you’ll have to work through on your own.

If and when you get the Xbox 360 version of the game recompiled for PC, though, you should expect the following thrilling benefits:

• Runs natively on Windows — no emulator, no BIOS.
• Controller support.
• Online multiplayer — host or join matches over the internet (LAN, Hamachi, playit.gg, or a public server).
• In-game pause/settings menu (ESC): video, resolution, frame limit, fullscreen, online setup.
• Post-FX filters (brightness, contrast, saturation, vignette, presets…).
• Smooth, stable 60 FPS (recompiled, with GPU-pacing fixes for the original's frame timing).

Instructions are provided for building the Windows version of the game from its collected sources, plus the Goldeneye Recomp v1.0 code.

Coincidentally, this Recomp release comes as the latest James Bond title, 007 First Light game, rides high in the charts on PCs and current-gen consoles. First Light is also the centerpiece of the latest Nvidia GeForce bundling promotion. PC gamers can grab a free copy of the action-adventure game 007 First Light when they purchase a qualifying GeForce RTX 50-series graphics card, gaming desktop, or laptop.

A quirky tech enthusiast has attempted to load games to their Sega Genesis console through a vinyl record player. “The idea is, basically, we’re going to record the game data as sound and then play it back,” using a turntable connected to a Sega Genesis, explained Throaty Mumbo, a self-described “weird and impractical tech challenge” aficionado. As well as a console and a record deck, a Mega EverDrive Pro and Raspberry Pi Pico 2 board were used for this project. “This should be a quick, easy project,” predicted Throaty, knowingly.

As the TechTuber indicated, this project shouldn’t be an insurmountable challenge. The Sega Genesis was released in 1989, offering a super-fast and convenient game cartridge loading system. However, using designed-for-audio media like compact cassette tapes was a common way for home computer users to load apps and games until the mid-1980s, when the slow but widely available and cheap tape format gave way to floppies. Vinyl was/is just another contemporaneous hi-fi audio format.

After introducing the challenge, the first serious step towards the intended goal was to test loading a small homebrew title to the Genesis using the Mega EverDrive Pro cartridge-to-SD card backup system. It worked, as expected.

With that foundation laid, it was time to (re)prove the sound-as-data concept by using an old Nintendo Famicom Data Recorder and a standard cassette tape. A Raspberry Pi Pico 2 was utilized as the bridge to convert audio signals to data ready for the Genesis. It connected to the EverDrive via USB. You can see in the video from around the 25 to 27-minute mark that some small homebrew ROMs were indeed loaded and run on the console (a fractal demo and a version of Breakout) this way.

Now came the time to switch to vinyl. It's only a format change, so what could go wrong? The Teenage Engineering PO-80 Record Factory was chosen as the vinyl player. Assembling this device was a frustrating process for the TechTuber, who blamed the quality of the instructions. Then the Genesis ROM data was transferred to vinyl using a 3.5mm audio connection.

The PO-80 was chosen for its advertised ability as being much more than a player; it can also be used to “cut your very own first 5-inch vinyl record,” according to the packaging shown in the video. Checking out the official PO-80 product page, it is difficult to complain about audio quality, though, as the makers are upfront about this $149 gadget’s “lo-fi sound.” Sadly, lo-fi lived up to its billing, as it simply wasn’t hi-fi enough for storing and playing back Genesis ROM data without corruption.

Throaty spent hours trying to get the loading from PO-80 recorded vinyl to work, fighting against audio clipping (too loud) or inputs being too quiet, but this vinyl-to-Genesis data attempt ultimately failed. At least tape was proven to be a functional, though slow, alternative to game cartridges for the Genesis.

Head Over Heels was a hit isometric arcade puzzler adventure game originally published by Ocean Software in 1987 for home computers. Development of the game’s sequel was canned in 1989, when Ocean decided to pivot to console gaming titles, notes ITV News. However, with retro gaming booming in the 2020s, the sequel has finally been released for Atari ST and Commodore Amiga - 37 years later - coded by original programmer Colin Porch. The sequel’s full title is Return to Blacktooth, a Head Over Heels adventure.

In the ITV News video, we see Colin sat at his trusty Atari ST playing the new Return to Blacktooth game. The veteran developer, now in his 80s, was inspired to finish the work he had started on the Head Over Heels sequel nearly 40 years ago after an Ocean Software reunion event. A conversation with his old Ocean boss spurred Colin into working to complete the game he had started working on, but had then abandoned as it was no longer wanted, 37 years prior.

During the reunion, the programmer's ex-boss said, “Oh, you have to finish it. There’s a big demand for retro games now.” Colin was more than pleased to return to his keyboard to complete the development of Return to Blacktooth. “It’s been a labor of love because I was so passionate about the game,” said the veteran programmer.

As well as appealing to older computer enthusiasts and gamers, retro games can find a market among younger players attracted to the simpler arcade-like experience, which can have a lot in common with recent mobile games. In the case of Return to Blacktooth, though, gamers will find some deep puzzles beneath the cute retro isometric graphics.

Return to Blacktooth features the same pair of characters as the original, Head and Heels, who must explore the game’s five distinct planets (across 300+ rooms) in a quest to collect the priceless crowns. There are a plethora of cunning puzzles, devious traps, and hidden surprises in store, and the two characters’ unique but complementary in-game abilities must be used to succeed.

Your ST or Amiga (or emulator) needs to be configured with at least 1 megabyte of RAM. Sorry to share that bad news during the ongoing RAMpocalypse, half-meg machine owners. The game is ready for download now, priced at $12.99, but Thalamus says physical boxed copies will also become available from Q3 this year.

A Lenovo-branded G02 retro handheld launched in China earlier this month, coming in at an affordable $63.56 on AliExpress compared to the thousands you have to pay for the Lenovo Legion Go 2. There were some questions if this was a legitimate Lenovo product or just another hardware manufacturer using the logo of a prominent brand, but a Lenovo employee in the company’s Product and Licensing department reportedly confirmed to Retro Dodo that it was an official, white-labeled device the company intended to sell only in China. More interestingly, they have unearthed that the handheld ships with thousands of copyrighted games, mostly from Nintendo.

“The G02 device is produced through a regional brand licensing agreement meant for the China market only and is not part of Lenovo’s official global product portfolio,” the company told the publication. “As such, products developed through these agreements may differ from Lenovo products sold through authorized channels.”

However, it wasn’t the handheld’s branding that caught Retro Dodo’s attention — instead, it was the fact that it came with thousands of copyrighted titles out of the box, most of them from Nintendo. It’s unclear if these games are licensed at all; after all, Nintendo is famously protective of its intellectual property, and it’s unlikely that it would readily allow a third-party hardware manufacturer to include Nintendo titles. Furthermore, the Japanese company built a reputation as a litigious company, targeting anyone that poses a threat to its IP.

The G02 is just a white-labeled device, meaning that its manufacturer just signed a deal with Lenovo to use its name for marketing purposes. However, the maker of the Legion Go handhelds still approved the regional licensing deal, even though we’re unsure if it reviewed the final product before it went on sale. One possibility is that the factory behind this retro handheld console loaded these ROMs after approval to boost sales, even though its AliExpress product page does not advertise that it comes with these games. Another alternative hypothetical scenario is that the developers behind this console accidentally included all the titles they were using to test the device in the general release.

Whatever the case, this could become a legal problem for Lenovo. After all, even if it’s just a white-labeled device made by a third-party manufacturer, it still carries the company’s branding. The company, in theory, could do some damage control to prevent this from becoming a bigger issue, like recalling the affected products or remotely deleting them, if possible. But the fact that Nintendo games were likely distributed outside of official channels would catch the attention of the Japanese company’s lawyers.

Retro Games Limited (RGL) has announced that the release of TheA1200 computer has been delayed by almost six months. The Commodore Amiga-emulating full-size A1200-like design has been up for pre-order since Nov 2025, and retro-hungry fans were anticipating deliveries of the first units on June 16, 2026. In a social media post on Wednesday, RGL announced that the machine won’t be available until December 4, 2026. It blamed a combination of “global chip shortages and rising plastic production costs” for the setback. However, the firm insists that TheA1200 specs and pricing will not be adjusted.

In some ways, we are surprised that the release plans for TheA1200 have been impacted by the global chip crunch. An original Amiga 1200 had such puny specs compared to systems nowadays – it used a 14 MHz processor, 2MB (not GB) of RAM, and zero fixed storage, just a floppy disk drive. We would assume RGL is going to create TheA1200 using the magic of emulation and a cheap Allwinner/Rockchip Arm SoC backed by 512MB to 1MB of RAM. However, the tendrils of the AI boom are now beginning to spread and strangle tech production beyond the high-end RAM, NAND, and processor niches.

RGL also notes that TheA1200 OS “isn’t yet where it needs to be.” This aspect of the product is currently functional, it is explained, but for the best possible Amiga experience, the dev team needs more time “to get it right.”

Obviously, delays like this are frustrating to folks who have already endured a protracted pre-order period. An extra (almost) six months of patience is quite a lot to ask. With this in mind, RGL has prepared an FAQ regarding the delays. We’ve embedded the full blurb above, but key takeaways are that pre-orders will stand unless you are fed up enough to cancel, the price isn’t going to change, and the machine specs will not be adjusted. Furthermore, TheA1200 is “fully on track for release on 4^th December 2026,” insists RGL.

We visited the U.S. distributor’s TheA1200 product page on Amazon.com and saw that the machine is still up for pre-order at $189.99 at the time of writing. However, the release date hasn’t yet been updated; it still says “June 16, 2026” is when TheA1200 will become available.

TheA1200’s price looks quite competitive for a bit of retro fun in 2026, with the entry price of even basic computers and SBCs ratcheting up lately. The pre-order value looks even better compared to RGL’s TheA500 Mini, which is listed at $218.95. This well-reviewed Mini Amiga can also play A1200 games, but it doesn’t have a functional keyboard, and thus lacks the real Amiga feel and presence.

Retro computing fans with a love of Commodore now have three more C64 Ultimate products to choose from. The reborn and revitalized Commodore has announced that it will be producing the C64C Ultimate Edition, leveraging the slimmed-down chassis design originally used by machines between 1986 and 1994. Interestingly, the new C64C Ultimate chassis will be made using original Commodore injection molds and tooling. Readers may also be interested in the pre-order pricing of the ‘modernized’ machines, starting at $299 for the BASIC Beige model.

The Commodore 64 Ultimate we reviewed last year was based on the original ‘breadbin’ style devices, which launched in 1982. However, the iconic home computing firm admits that “for many users,” their nostalgia is “intrinsically tied to the C64C.”

Commodore hasn’t just gone out and gotten a compact case redesigned or fabbed from some hobbyist 3D printing source files. The blog about the new C64C boasts that “Commodore has reacquired the original injection tooling that was used to create the plastic housing of the original 40 years ago.” Moreover, the firm has access to original injection molding tooling.

“The C64C molding was created using a 2-point flow pattern that resulted in the plastic cooling unevenly in the original production run, creating faint, semi-circular flow marks that have largely gone unnoticed,” said Peri Fractic, President and CEO and Chief Product Officer, Commodore. “By using the original tooling, we’re even bringing these back. Today, these newly formed marks are a seal of authenticity – the unmistakable signature of genuine Commodore parts born from original molds.”

Under the hood of the new C64C machines, you’ll find the same high-performance recreation of the original Commodore 64, driven in as accurately as possible using FPGA technology. The computing experience will be exactly the same as with the C64U we reviewed.

For icing on the nostalgia cake, fans will notice that, in parallel to the C64U lineup, C64C machines will also be available in BASIC Beige, the translucent Starlight Edition, and the opulent gold Founder’s Edition. For a limited time, these will be up for pre-order priced at $299, $349, and $499, respectively. Unfortunately, Commodore says shipping will only “begin in late 2026,” with the pre-orders page hinting at a late September shipment of the first batch (295 pre-order slots left at the time of writing).

Lastly, Commodore wants to remind retro fans that this is just the latest announcement from its busy roadmap for 2026. We can still look forward to “a number of new initiatives in the coming months,” including new platforms and accessories.

Two new hanadheld gaming devices inspired by legendary '80s home computers are on the way. Retro Games Ltd and Blaze Entertainment joined forces to release the C64 Handheld and the Spectrum Handheld, two $129.99 handheld gaming devices inspired by the legendary 1980s Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum 8-bit home computers, respectively.

The C64 Handheld and Spectrum Handhelds aim to capture the nostalgia of retro gaming but also deliver convenience and portability. The portable gaming devices arrive in a clamshell form factor that measures 5.35 x 1.02 x 3.39 inches (136 x 26 x 86m m) and weighs just 0.52 pounds (235 grams). The C64 Handheld sticks to the classic beige theme, while The Spectrum features a sleek, black exterior. The D-pad, face buttons, and four mappable function keys are the same on both devices, except that the former is plastic and the latter is rubber.

Both handheld gaming consoles leverage 4.3-inch IPS screens. with a resolution of 840 x 480, which is sufficient for those old-school 8-bit titles. Meanwhile, a quad-core processor with a 1.2 GHz clock speed and 256 MB of DDR memory powers the C64 and Spectrum handhelds. The devices come with a 2,000 mAh battery that offers three hours of battery life and charge via a standard USB Type-C port.

The C64 Handheld and Spectrum Handheld Specifications

The handhelds come with a USB Type-A port for connecting a keyboard or joystick, if you prefer to play the old-fashioned way. Additionally, both devices have high-quality stereo speakers and a standard 3.5m m headphone jack.

Each handheld gaming device comes pre-loaded with an impressive collection of 25 retro titles. The list of games spans from arcade classics to beloved adventure titles. Don't worry if the game you want to play isn't on the list. In addition to the carefully curated selection, the integrated microSD card slot opens up even more possibilities. You can expand the device's game library by using a microSD card to add ROMs you have legally obtained, of course.

The C64 Handheld and The Spectrum Handheld Game List

You can pre-order The C64 Handheld and The Spectrum Handheld for $129.99 at U.S. retailers, including CastleMania Games, Funstock, and Songbird Productions. They are expected to ship on October 15.

There's an exclusive collector's edition, which is exclusive to Funstock and limited to 2,000 units, that includes a hard-shell travel case and an exclusive edition of Crash Magazine in addition to the handheld. The C64 Handheld Collector's Edition and The Spectrum Handheld Collector's Edition retail for a $149.99, a $20 premium over the standard version.

ZSNES is a legendary Super Nintendo Entertainment System emulator with its roots stretching back to the DOS era. Created by zsKnight and Demo, the last major release of this seminal hand-tuned, assembly-coded emulator was nearly two decades ago. It has been reborn this week as Super ZSNES with “super enhancements” powered by your system’s GPU. Rewritten from scratch by the aforementioned dynamic duo, Super ZSNES now boasts “far more accurate CPU and audio cores than the original ZSNES,” as well as a “GPU-powered PPU core.”

See some hands-on Super ZSNES footage and discussion from MVG, above. The RetroTuber has had access to this emulator reboot for a couple of weeks.

Before deciding to go ahead with this project, zsKnight had pondered what to do differently for a reboot. The dev told MVG, “I had to brainstorm a bit, thinking what I could do differently. So, I started out by writing a GPU renderer that replaces a large chunk of the SNES PPU emulation with rendering done mostly on the GPU through shaders.”

The big underlying challenge here was the SNES architecture being CRT-based and GPUs being geometry-based, but zsKnight enjoyed jumping the hurdles. In the first release of Super ZSNES, MVG confirms tasks such as “palette lookups, tile rendering, transparencies, mode 7, color math, main and subscreen combinations, mosaic effects are all handled via GPU shaders.” This architecture unlocks some ‘Super’ enhancements in the new UI, and some intriguing possibilities for coming releases – like high-res textures, for example.

Another aspect of this new emulator that makes it 'Super' is its new Super Enhancement Engine, and it is here that we reckon the new GPU-powered architecture will also often come into play. We’ve tabulated what this means to your old SNES games, below.

Before we go, we note that the new Super ZSNES was put together using Unity. However, the devs insist that there’s been “no vibe coding” and everything under the hood was completed “classic development style.”

Naturally, as this is version 0.100 of the new emulator, there are bugs to be fixed, improvements to implement, and enhancements to come – such as netplay. There’s also a disclaimer that “This is an early build, so there are still emulation bugs and special chips (DSP1, SuperFX, etc.) have yet to be implemented. A bunch of optimization work has yet to be done so performance may be a bit slow.”

MVG notes that zsKnight has highlighted work-life-ZSNES development balance. While the devs are loving being back in the saddle for this project, and the initial reception to the reboot has been great, more direct support via platforms like Patreon would perhaps help oil the wheels.

You can grab Super ZSNES now for Windows, Mac, Linux, and Android, and there is an iOS release “coming soon.”

Commodore fans were split earlier this month as an official document revealed the firm planned to prevent tinkerers from loading third-party firmware to the C64 Ultimate computer by locking down such upgrades to the FPGA. The iconic home computer brand has now backed down, reversing the decision but issuing a statement making it clear that users can enjoy “free experimentation, just no free support/replacement for bricked modded units.”

It is evident that the FPGA firmware gatekeeping decision had been a tricky one for the new Commodore. And telegraphing a change “preventing firmware not released by Commodore from being loaded onto the hardware,” split the user base, but we think most comments were on the side of user freedom. As social media and forum discussions heated up on the topic, Commodore published a detailed blog with a point–by-point defense of its new policy.

To be clear, the FPGA firmware flashing blocks were not rolled out yet. The 1.1.0 firmware release simply came with a statement that “A future update may introduce safeguards to help make sure incompatible firmware not released by Commodore does not damage your motherboard.” In the follow-up blog the seminal home computing firm highlighted that it had already seen non-functioning casualties of third-party firmware updates requiring support. This wasn’t sustainable, it reasoned. Servicing “hardware returns and replacements due to actions entirely out of our control” was a step beyond what Commodore was prepared to do.

The new Commodore “values freedom of choice the most.”

The official blog post update from Commodore regarding firmware is pretty clear about the change in policy. “We will not prevent you from installing other firmware on your Commodore 64 Ultimate,” states a key highlighted phrase in the post.

It goes on to say it remains worried about users bricking their C64U machines and then putting in return and replacement requests (under warranty, we guess). However, it admits “that's 'Ultimately' an "us" problem, not a "you" problem.”

In the firmware block policy's place, there will instead be a stern disclaimer. Commodore will insist that “community-installed firmware, patches, or other modifications are used at the owner’s own risk, and Commodore cannot provide free support, free warranty service, or free replacement for units bricked or damaged as a result.” Most retro gaming community and tinkerer folks will probably be pleased with Commodore gracefully bowing to popular pressure on this. It will be interesting to see how the new policy affects the warranty returns process.

Apple’s Pippin was plucked from the tree 30 years ago today. But it turned out to be a rotten Apple, which failed to catch the interest of the public, despite it being heralded as an open standard for home entertainment. From its launch on April 21, 1996, this expensive device with lethargic performance only sold ~42,000 units worldwide. The Pippin was put out of its misery shortly after Steve Jobs returned to the helm in 1997.

The promise of Pippin

Development of the Pippin began shortly after Japanese entertainment firm Bandai approached Apple, hoping to collaborate on a CD-ROM-based living room entertainment system. According to various sources, the project expanded from a scaled-down (680X0 era) Mac that could play games directly from CD-ROMs to a much broader home entertainment device packing a PowerPC chip.

Initial marketing pitched the Pippin as “an integral part of the consumer audiovisual, stereo, and television environment.” Interestingly, Apple didn’t want to be the sole brand behind Pippins, and the devices were ultimately made by Bandai and Katz Media.

Perhaps Apple thought its transition from Motorola 680X0 to PowerPC chips gave its new hardware an unbeatable console performance profile for the time. But despite its computing performance, the early PowerPC chips would be outmaneuvered and outclassed by the broad swing to 3D gaming in 1995/96, which the Sony PlayStation, Sega Saturn, and Nintendo 64 all successfully capitalized on and grew.

Compared to those rivals, the Pippin looked like a rehashed version of the old guard. Like a CPU-accelerated version of the 3DO or CD32 machines that had already slid by the wayside. Thus, the Pippin definitely failed to catch the coattails of the mid-1990s zeitgeist.

Pippin hardware / software

As we’ve said, the Pippin was based on the PowerPC architecture, which Apple had recently begun transitioning to. These new chips were doing an admirable job making Macs look computationally competitive with Wintel PC clones again, but consoles and home entertainment – and the new era of 3D gaming – would shift public desires. Additionally, the Pippin’s chip, a low-end of the range PowerPC 603 @ 66 MHz, wasn’t one of the best.

Other key specs of the Pippin were its 6MB of shared memory, 128KB SRAM for saves (no HDD), and its 4x CD-ROM. There were no custom chips to offload graphics or audio processing; the single-core PPC would have to do everything.

Another drag on the Pippin was likely the chosen OS. It used a stripped-down version of Apple’s old System 7.5.2 at launch. This OS was long in the tooth at the time, and was well known for its less-than-ideal cooperative multitasking, lack of protected memory, and 68K emulation overhead. It may have been tolerable on a desktop, but it wasn’t ready-made for a slick home entertainment box.

The Pippin also suffered from a weak entertainment software library, say sources like Wikipedia. But perhaps that issue was overshadowed by the pricing of $599 (≈$1,200 today), which was double the price of the stunning-for-the-time PlayStation (PS1) or triple the price of the aggressively priced but remarkable N64.

The Pippin platform was discontinued globally in 1997, but Japanese partners would continue to hold out, unaware that the living room entertainment war was over for Apple, until 2002.

Playmaji has opened pre-orders for the Polymega Remix, a $199 USB peripheral that lets owners digitize and play physical retro games on Windows 11 PCs, laptops, and PC gaming handhelds through a free companion app, and is scheduled to ship next month, having completed mass production.

Remix accepts CD-based games from consoles including the PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Sega CD, TurboGrafx-CD, and Neo Geo CD through a built-in optical drive. Cartridge-based systems from the NES through the N64 are supported via Playmaji's Element Modules, which are sold separately at $80 each. There are six modules in total: NES/Famicon, SNES/ Super Famicom, Genesis / Mega Drive, TurboGrafx-16, Nintendo 64, and Atari 2600 / 7800. Once a game is digitized, users can disconnect the Remix hardware and play from their device's local storage.

The Remix connects over USB and is controlled entirely through the Polymega App, which Playmaji plans to release as a free download in May. The app replicates the Polymega console's interface, including its game database, virtual CRT display filters, save states, and custom playlists. Platform support at launch covers Windows 11 machines and Intel-based Macs, but Playmaji said it plans to expand to iOS, Android, and Apple Silicon in the months following launch, though no specific dates were given.

Alongside the Remix announcement, Playmaji confirmed it has overhauled the Polymega's standalone base unit with “new, upgraded hardware” that’s reportedly “several times more powerful” than the PM01.

The company said the revised hardware includes additional CPU cores, higher clock speeds, double the RAM, and more internal storage compared to the original, which retails for $450. Existing pre-orders will be upgraded to the new revision at no extra cost, with fresh pre-orders reopening in early summer.

This all follows a long stretch of production challenges for the Polymega, which was first announced in 2017 under the name RetroBlox, with pre-orders opening in 2018. Manufacturing setbacks in Myanmar, COVID-era component shortages, and supplier lead-time problems repeatedly delayed fulfillment.

By late 2022, the company acknowledged output had fallen to as few as 50 units per month as a best-case scenario. Atari invested €4.6 million in Playmaji in 2023, acquiring a 53% non-diluted stake, with Atari CEO Wade Rosen commenting at the time that the investment was intended to help Playmaji work through its order backlog.

The Remix sidesteps much of that manufacturing complexity by offloading processing to the player’s hardware. All emulation runs on the host device through the Polymega App, with the Remix itself serving as the interface between physical media and the user's PC or gaming handheld. Emulation performance will naturally scale with whatever the host device can deliver, with a Steam Deck or ROG Ally carrying substantially more processing power than the original PM01.

If you miss the old magazine cover-mounted demo disks of yore, the dominant channel for discovering new apps and games before the broadband internet age, be assured that many of these artifacts are preserved on the Internet Archive. Earlier today, our sister site PC Gamer revealed that there is now a treasure trove of its cover disks (floppies, CDs, and DVDs) archived and ready to enjoy.

PC Gamer’s headline highlights the 758 cover disks on the Internet Archive, but there are actually even more gems to be found. Our search uncovered over 1,500 PC Gamer software archives, thanks to a trove of floppy disk offerings from yesteryear. The total collection spans 1.2TB of material, according to the site.

The archive is a nostalgic reminder of the exclusive content these important printed media outlets used to offer. Such was the power of the printed word (plus cover disk) back then, app and games publishers would be eager to write custom demos and editions for the cover disks. PC Gamer highlights a few things, like its exclusive Freedom Force character skins on the June 2002 demo disk.

I remember Amiga Format cover disks going further, with special editions like Christmas Lemmings, Cannon Soccer, and even an exclusive Syndicate level put on cover disks for readers.

While rooting through the Internet Archive’s similar collections, I was also happy to find a bounty of PC Format disks of various eras, ST Format disks, CU Amiga disks, and Computer Shopper disks. There are surely many more - check for your favorite old magazine.

While you are there, browsing software cover disks at the archive, remember that many of the old print magazines have also been preserved. So, you’ll often be able to find both the cover disk and a PDF of the magazine it was originally attached to. That may be useful if a special code or instructions are needed to get the cover disk content up and running.

Internet Archive issues

There’s no doubt the Internet Archive is both a treasure and an important reference, but recent reports suggest its future worth may be being eroded. Last week, we noted that many news outlets were blocking the IA’s Wayback Machine from archiving their pages.

Among the reasons given for the blockages were that some publishers feared AI companies would abuse fair use policies and train their models on the snapshots of old articles. However, the good news is that Wayback Machine director Mark Graham is reportedly in talks with several outlets so that the archiver’s bot can gain access to these websites once more.

If you told me last week that we were getting a 1:1 hardware reincarnation of the ultimate '90s nerd status symbol, I would have laughed. We've seen the "mini" consoles. We've seen the arcade sticks with built-in ROMs. What SNK and Plaion just dropped is an absolute bombshell in comparison: the Neo Geo AES+ is real, it's coming this November, and it is going to completely empty our wallets.

If you're not familiar with the Neo Geo, potentially because you were born after it left the market, it was a bold idea from SNK circa 1990: what if we launch a modular arcade system with swappable games like a home console... and then sell the same hardware in a home console? Arcade operators liked it because it was cost-effective, and every single gamer in the world wanted one; the idea of "arcade games at home" was nuts in the early 1990s. Unfortunately, the $649 (in 1991!) starting price of the machine, as well as the $200-$300 required per game, priced the machine well above the budgets of the majority of gamers.

So it goes that we now have the Neo Geo AES+, an all-new machine that fully replicates the original system. Indeed, let's get straight to the biggest talking point of this entire announcement: no emulation. Instead of relying on software emulation or even an FPGA chip (like the brilliant Analog machines or MiSTer setups), Plaion and SNK have apparently custom-fabricated new ASICs to replicate the original 16-bit chips. The decision to go with actual silicon this time around communicates a massive amount of sincerity; SNK and Plaion are clearly intent on honoring the legacy of the most powerful 16-bit machine ever made.

That being said, it's worth noting that the hardware inside the AES+, whatever it actually is, isn't identical to the original 1990 motherboards. SNK has added a built-in overclocking function (accessible via system DIP switches) to iron out some of the infamous slowdowns in heavy-hitting games, as well as a low-latency HDMI out for modern displays. The machine still supports A/V out if you're keen to use it on a CRT, though it's a bit of a shame there's no S-Video or RGB out.

The new AES+ controllers, both the classic clicky Arcade Stick and the Neo Geo CD-style Gamepad, are a modern retro enthusiast's dream. They can be used completely wired via the classic 15-pin connector, or wirelessly using a special dongle. They feature a rechargeable battery that charges via USB-C, and yes, they are fully backward compatible with your original 1990s AES hardware.

SNK is dropping a launch lineup of 10 physical cartridges for $70 a pop. Because this is an authentic hardware recreation, the system features a full-sized cartridge slot that supports original AES cart from the 1990s. The ten games launching with the Neo Geo AES+ are:

• Metal Slug (action)
• The King of Fighters 2002 (fighting)
• Garou: Mark of the Wolves (fighting)
• Big Tournament Golf (sports, aka Neo Turf Masters)
• Shock Troopers (action)
• Samurai Shodown V Special (fighting)
• Pulstar (shoot 'em up)
• Twinkle Star Sprites (shoot 'em up)
• Magician Lord (role-playing, sorta)
• Over Top (racing)

Looking at the AES+ launch lineup, it is undeniably banger after banger. However, it's a little odd that only the first Metal Slug made the cut. There are also some glaring omissions; where is Magical Drop III? Where is Waku Waku 7? And most importantly, where is Blazing Star? "YOU FAIL IT!"

The absence of these heavy hitters just points to the overwhelming likelihood that Plaion and SNK are planning to release more waves of games in the future. The Neo Geo library isn't the biggest in the world, but it has way more than just ten excellent games. Another interesting detail is that there are numerous brand-new games either released in recent years or currently in active development for old machines, particularly the Sega Genesis and the Nintendo NES. With the AES+ making genuine Neo Geo hardware accessible again, perhaps there might be wholly new, modern indie games on the way for the AES+.

Writing about this brings up a lot of memories. Growing up, the Neo Geo MVS (the arcade cabinet version) was relatively common out in the wild thanks to the aforementioned solid value proposition for arcade operators. My local Mazzio's Pizza joint had one with several games, and even my local corner store had a big red cabinet with a couple of games in it. That machine in particular ate a great many of my quarters, mostly for Samurai Shodown 2. The AES home console, though? That was nearly a mythical beast.

My only real experience with the home console back in the day was when my friends and I pooled our cash to pay an enormous $300 deposit to rent an AES from a local video store for a weekend. We brought home the console along with World Heroes, Ninja Commando, and Burning Fight, and we stayed up almost the entire weekend chugging Jolt cola (yes, really) just to maximize our time with this awesome, impossibly powerful machine... even though we didn't actually like any of those three games all that much. That was the only time I ever saw an AES in person until they suddenly became a "retro" luxury item in the 2010s.

If you're chomping at the bit for a chance to own a new Neo Geo, you can head on over to Plaion's website to lock in your pre-orders. You can grab the standard black console (with one wired stick) for $249.99, or the gorgeous "Ice White" 35th Anniversary Edition (with a wireless stick, memory card, and Metal Slug) for $349.99. Then there is the $999 Ultimate Edition, which includes all of the new AES+ products: the system, both types of controllers, a memory card, and all ten games in the launch lineup.

A thousand bucks is a terrifying amount of money for a retro console, but if you actually do the math, the Ultimate Edition is saving you a solid bit of cash (about $175) over buying the console, the controllers, the memory card, and all 10 launch games separately. Oddly, though, there is no "Ultimate" bundle available for the white 35th Anniversary system—if you want the big kahuna package, it only comes in classic black.

The retro community seems sharply divided over a decision by Commodore to lock down firmware access in its C64 Ultimate computer. In a post entitled Why We're Protecting Your Commodore 64 Ultimate FPGA, the iconic retro computing company telegraphs a change “preventing firmware not released by Commodore from being loaded onto the hardware.” This blog post seems to be designed to calm social media and forum commenters' concerns about the C64U breaking the spirit of the vibrant C64 scene, implementing an anti-tinkering change, and making a move that is really about IP control.

The latest firmware, version 1.1.0, was released a few days ago. You can see the announcement in the X post above, and can expand the embed to read some of the comments it has received.

Social media and forum posters started to grumble about the impending firmware locks soon after some users highlighted a section concerning firmware tinkering in the official 1.1.0 release notes. There are some very welcome changes in 1.1.0, including a new Left Arrow key implementation, USB mouse support for “most mice,” and enhancements for LED lighting interactivity – as well as a long list of fixes.

However, some enthusiasts found it. problematic that Commodore wrote that “A future update may introduce safeguards to help make sure incompatible firmware not released by Commodore does not damage your motherboard.”

Commodore and its supporters characterize the change as one safeguarding user hardware while official firmware updates still flow.

“The Commodore 64 Ultimate is not a static product," the blog post reads. There will be new hardware revisions, new components, and new capabilities! This is foundational to our roadmap and, frankly, core to the Commodore 64 Ultimate's value proposition." But then it warns about firmware built for different boards, causing issues on the C64U.

Probably most concerning for Commodore is that it says it has already seen non-functioning casualties of third-party firmware updates requiring support. This isn’t just hypothetical, insists Commodore. No company would find it sustainable to service “hardware returns and replacements due to actions entirely out of our control.”

It also uses the blog to make clear it isn’t intending to stomp on system patches, like the popular SPIFFY. The distinction is that SPIFFY is a community patch for the C64U - improving quality-of-life in many ways, and is not a replacement firmware. “This policy is not aimed at that kind of community-driven ingenuity,” Commodore makes clear.

A so-called ‘walled garden’ is also not on the menu, according to the new Commodore blog. In this section it warns that the C64U is different from the closely related Ultimate64 from the same designer/developer. Specifically, it says that “Our hardware roadmap for the Commodore 64 Ultimate includes board revisions and component changes that Gideon's Ultimate64 firmware has no reason to address, since it's built for his product, not ours.” In other words, as the systems diverge and develop, more and more problems could arise from swapping firmware files.

We don’t know if the Commodore Blog post is going to satisfy the sternest critics and worry worms on the great WWW. Surely it helps explain the thinking behind the upcoming restrictions, but folks will always hate restrictions and others deciding what is best for them.

A TechTuber with a fondness for older hardware has managed to get Doom to run on a 40-year-old print controller. Much of the video retelling this tale covers the work needed to add new firmware, plus display and audio out to the controller board. Once that hurdle was overcome, though, it doesn’t take long for Adrian’s Digital Basement to progress into some playful demos and, of course, get Doom up and running.

To be clear, the printer hardware here isn’t a typical old e-waste consumer device, it is actually the powerful Agfa Compugraphic 9000PS. This box would interpret the complex resolution-independent PostScript files sent to it by pre-press operators and change them into raster images that could be printed on the next piece of hardware down the chain, usually an imagesetter that produced high-resolution printing plates. That’s why the Agfa’s motherboard packed a powerful-for-the-era 68020 CPU. Interpreting and outputting work like this was computationally and resource-heavy.

This is the 4^th video from Adrian using the Agfa RIP, as the unassuming beige box holds numerous interesting components. For example, not only does the main PCB feature a 16 MHz 68020, the I/O controller board it is paired with packs its own 68000 CPU.

A significant part of this latest adventure with the Agfa concerned reverse engineering the ROM code for the now ancient and obscure Agfa hardware. A significant step forward was made after replacing the Adobe PostScript interpreter in ROM with custom firmware based on AGFA-MON (available from GitHub) to establish a monitoring app, provide some OS boot stub options, and even add a BASIC interpreter to the system.

Before demos and the mighty Doom could run Adrian also needed to install the VERA 8-Bit Video Card, designed for homebrew computer projects like this.

After about 1hr 6mins into the video we finally get some demos shown running on the repurposed Agfa RIP. Adrian started with CP/M stuff, but quickly moved to a Unix OS (Minix). The full shareware version of Doom 1.9 was run via this OS “on what was just a printer freakin’ controller,” underlines the TechTuber.

But for those with experience of a 68020 (like an Amiga 1200), Doom is unsurprisingly a slow performer on this hardware. That isn’t the worst playability issue anyway, as the game wasn’t really controllable due to lack of PS/2-compatible keyboard support, noted Adrian. The terrible FPS reminds us of the recent 4FPS Red Dead Redemption 2 gaming shenanigans.

The TechTuber ends by reiterating what an astonishing transformation the Agfa RIP has been through, from redundant “trash” hardware of a bygone era to something that can provide retro computing fun (if not playable Doom).

Watchmaker Nubeo has put its Torrent Automatic Atari Rainbow Limited Edition timepieces on sale, so they’re all available at 20% off. Five colorways are there for the picking, each one reduced from $564 to $451 with the auto-applied coupon. If you are one of the folks who appreciates retro consoles and bold design-forward wristwatches, these designs might scratch your itch.

The Torrent Automatic Atari Rainbow Limited Edition from Nubeo comes in the following five colorways: Azure Arcade, Orange Curve, Pine Pixel, Shadow Console, and Spectrum. The watchmaker has only produced 100 of each variant.

Nubeo explains the watches were “inspired by the iconic design language of classic Atari consoles” and therefore mix pixel-era nostalgia with its modern watches, to celebrate color and culture. The firm usually specializes in designs inspired by sea and space, so these are something of a departure. However, we note it has previously collaborated with Atari on its Ventana Automatic Atari Retro Gamer Limited Editions, its Console Automatic Atari Asteroids 2600 Limited Edition, and its near-$2,000 Ventana Automatic Atari Asteroids 45th Limited Edition timepieces. Then it also has some eye-catching Space Invaders themed wristwatches.

Behind the colorful retro-future face of the Torrent Automatic Atari Rainbow Limited Edition, all these watches feature a Japanese automatic movement with three-hand date illuminated by Swiss Newlite. Their stainless-steel casings measure 48mm in diameter and are a chunky 16.4mm thick. An anti-reflection coated sapphire glass lens protects the watch face. Regarding protection, these 141g timepieces are water resistant to 20 atmospheres, and come with a 2-year international warranty.

“Each Nubeo timepiece is defined by performance, functionality yet with a design language that blends the organic and natural with the industrial in a manner that makes for a truly unique exhibition of time,” explains the firm behind these retro console-inspired watches.

Atari hits and misses

We’ve seen companies like Atari sometimes lending their esteemed brands to less than stellar products, so it is refreshing to see some high-end merchandise bearing the marque. There have been some hits and misses from Atari recently, though. I enjoyed testing the Atari Gamestation Go (from MyArcade) with 200+ games and SD card expandability last year. In contrast, the 2021 Atari VCS reboot was slated for its price, convoluted setup, and noise.

Do you remember Nvidia’s 3D Vision 2 glasses, which launched about a decade and a half ago? It isn’t clear whether retro gaming Redditor sinrivers does, exclaiming, “I can’t believe this find” after unearthing a pair buried in a thrift store’s home décor bric-a-brac section. They bought this sealed Nvidia retail box featuring the 3D glasses for just $2.99. That’s a great saving on the launch price of $149 or $99, depending on whether they included the IR transmitter. But what use are these artifacts in 2026?

If we wind back the clock to the early 2010s, there was some momentum behind 3D gaming with the added magic of 3D monitors combined with active-shutter 3D glasses. This was the peak 3D monitor era, with several big-name monitor vendors supplying compatible 3D monitors and graphics cards with the requisite port selection. Big PC brands like Asus could provide a whole ecosystem at the time: monitor, glasses, and graphics card.

Nvidia’s solution was 3D Vision (AMD offered HD3D), and to enjoy the experience as intended, you would want a compatible GPU plus a LightBoost-certified monitor, providing both a 3D HDMI 1.4 input and a dual-link DVI input. On the human side, you’d wear active-shutter glasses like these Nvidia 3D Vision 2 spectacles, and an IR emitter was also necessary – but sometimes built into the 3D monitor you bought.

The experience was loved by some, but others considered it overrated. For a snapshot of the ecosystem and its capabilities at the time, check out the Tom’s Hardware archives. For example, in September 2011, we published a 22-page, 18-game comparison featuring the best solutions for Nvidia 3D Vision vs AMD HD3D glasses users.

Whatever your opinion, it is undeniable that the 3D glasses and 3D monitor-driven experience faded rather quickly. So, what can sinrivers do with their $2.99 bargain today?

As the simplest option, they could leave the package untouched as a shrink-wrapped pristine tech artifact. It would also probably be possible to make a quick profit through sites like eBay. Alternatively, if enough complementary ecosystem components are within sinrivers’ grasp, there are classic 3D gaming experiences of the era to enjoy, some 3D movies of the era to soak up, and even some emulators covering consoles of the era that support this system. Please note that Nvidia removed 3D Vision support from its GeForce drivers in 2019.

A maker with a love for synthesizers and retro gaming has showcased their latest project, the NES-SY2.0. This bewitching new device is not just an homage to Nintendo’s legendary mid-1980s vintage console but also chip tune synthesizer music and the archaic luggable computer form factor.

Above you can see the creator of the NES-SY2.0, Love Hultén, a self described provider of “tech, noise and craftporn from Sweden,” playing a selection of compositions on the device. A couple of short melodies later, Hultén flips NES-SY2.0 modes, plugs in a gamepad, and enjoys a session of Mega Man 2 on the built-in visualizer screen.

Fans of the video are full of questions about the design, such as how the NES electronics are integrated with the synthesizer side of the device. Also, we see maker Love Hultén change cartridges during the brief three-and-a-half-minute demo of the device. Some wonder if that changes the synthesizer tones or features. But there are some clues to the making of the NES-SY2.0 in the brief video description.

“This is NES-SY2.0 - incl NES Poly, Keystep, FS22 delay/rev, and a custom made MIDI visualizer created by @p1xelfool, and yes, the system supports cartridges!!” notes Hultén.

The first of those key components is the NES Poly. It is as foundational as it sounds, delivering a MIDI-controlled, 4-voice polyphonic synth that emulates the sound of the NES console. It also features two-oscillators per voice, real-time waveform switching capability for NES pulse “pluck” effects, vibrato pre-delay, attack, and 4 vibrato low frequency oscillator waveforms, and 16 sound parameters that can be edited with MIDI CC messages.

Then the ‘keystep’ refers to the compact MIDI controller from Arturia, which will have been the donor for the keys you see being played, and several more bits and pieces.

We reckon the “FS22 delay/rev” is a reference to the tri-mode effects stomp box produced by Flamma. This will add a luscious feeling of space to the sounds coming from the NES-SY2.0 and can even be tuned for delays affected simultaneously by shimmering reverbs.

Finally, the visualization screen is said to be based on a project from another artist / maker called p1xelfool.

What we can say is that the blend of all those technologies put together so stylishly by Hultén is indeed “craftporn.” But it isn’t just a fantastic-looking project, it is a great musical instrument and a luggable, perfectly playable original cartridge-loading NES.

You probably won’t be surprised to hear that this isn’t Hultén’s first mix of retro gaming and music tech – as this example is so polished. The maker’s YouTube channel also features such wonders as a VIC-4 custom synth, a MIDI NES axe (guitar), and some Pac-Man-themed synths.

A developer has demonstrated an open-world engine in a Nintendo 64 game, which offers a “seamless, massive world with zero loading screens” on original hardware. In essence, James Lambert and a handful of other contributors behind Junkrunner 64 have coaxed the 30-year-old N64 into delivering draw distances matching the scale of Skyrim. The video below explains how this feat was achieved.

The majority of this video showcases Junkrunner 64 gameplay and features. You will see a cute character walk and ride a jet bike around a gigantic, open-world environment in real time, with expansive draw distance. Basically, a player can stand on one corner of the map and see across the entire world.

Anyone with experience owning or playing an N64 will have experienced the sharp end of the retro console’s draw distance problem. It is an old console, of its era, and system resources are meager compared to what developers in the first open-world gaming era and beyond would expect.

Typical visual issues in worlds that try to be too ambitious include pop-ups and clipping. In particular, at a distance, Lambert’s video highlights the phenomenon of Z-fighting, where some objects closer to the user might actually be obscured by farther-away objects.

The developer explains that the N64 features a 15-bit Z-buffer, which can hold ~32,000 unique values. But in his game development tests, about 90% of those values are used for things that are very close to the camera. Resources are slim for the oodles of distant objects in an open-world game, leading to Z-fighting.

What can be done to fix pop-ups and combat the occasions when closer objects are obscured behind more distant objects? “The solution is I just draw the world twice. First, I draw everything that's far away scaled down by about 100, and then I do a separate pass where I draw everything that's close,” explains Lambert. “So that gives me the best of both worlds. I can draw large objects at a small scale where details don't matter. And then when I'm drawing things close, I'm able to retain that near clipping plane and render things more detailed.”

So, that’s one solution, but memory constraints and performance considerations remain. Another innovation that has been shoehorned into Junkrunner 64 to help mitigate the scarcity of processing power and memory is the engine’s implementation of world tiles of various detail levels, cleverly layered.

Texturing in the demo game was handled by contributions from fellow developer Pyroxene, using a technique called baking. This is implementing lighting and material details directly into the textures, particularly on low-detail models.

Additionally, Pyroxene worked on a new kind of N64 fog: implementing RGB color-mixed fog gradients in the distance, plus locally colored fog. This further enhances open-world visuals.

In Junkrunner 64, the map starts hidden, as in many modern open-world games, and exploring the environment reveals the map little by little. Thankfully, there’s a super-fast 180 mph hovercycle that can be acquired and upgraded to get you around. Towards the end of the video, we see a small segment of gameplay demonstrating map exploration on a hovercycle.

Lambert closes the video by teasing a new (unnamed) full game that will be coming to the N64, ModRetro, and the Analogue 3D. It will, of course, use the above-mentioned technologies.

You can grab the code for the Junkrunner 64 demo, which was the main topic of the video. Version 2.1 is now on GitHub as a 16.5MB z64 file for your emulators, flash carts, etc. The source code is there too.

Mere weeks after successfully using a ZX Spectrum to fly a simulated spacecraft, space enthusiast and YouTuber Scott Manley has successfully “landed” on the moon using the home computer from the 1980s. Of course, Manley didn’t have an actual lunar lander with him, so he used the 2015 spaceflight simulator Kerbal Space Program, using a ZX Spectrum to control the spacecraft. For those unfamiliar with the Spectrum, it’s a home computer built by UK company Sinclair Research, released in 1982.

This 8-bit device had a Z80A CPU that ran at 3.5 MHz with either 16, 48, or 128 KB of memory. It ran on the Sinclair BASIC operating system and was known for introducing kids to gaming and programming in the 80s because of its relatively low price. This might seem sorely underpowered compared to today’s computers, with Manley saying that some phone chargers are much more powerful than this device. However, we must note that the ZX Spectrum launched 13 years after Apollo 11 actually landed on the moon. The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC), which was in charge of the spacecraft’s guidance, navigation, and control, was far less powerful with its 2.048 MHz processor and 15-bit word length and 1-bit parity, capable of storing 2,048 words.

Because of this, programmers had to be extra creative when writing code, ensuring that they used as little data as possible to achieve what they wanted. Even though the ZX Spectrum had so much more memory than the original AGC, that is still a challenge that Manley had to go through, programming the virtual PC with the variables it needed to operate the virtual spacecraft and computing the attitude and acceleration required to maneuver and land on the moon.

The challenge does not end there, though, as he also needed to virtually connect the ZX Spectrum to the simulator. Since the device is so old, it does not have any modern I/O ports like USB. Thankfully, Sinclair Research also produced Interface 1, the proprietary storage system for the ZX Spectrum, which included an RS232 Serial port, allowing the ZX Spectrum to talk to a Windows PC. But because Kerbal Space Program does not support Serial input, he had to install the Kerbal RPC mod, which lets users control the ship remotely using Python or whatever language you like.

With everything set up, Scott fires up the program, and his virtual lunar lander starts to slowly descend. As the spacecraft approached the surface of the moon, Manley talked about how slow the system is, saying that it sometimes had a lag of about two seconds. Nevertheless, he also said that the AGC “ran on a 2-second cycle, where it would compute some values at that rate and it would be able to land on the moon like that.”

NASA is planning to get back on the moon before the end of the decade, and it will certainly use hardware that’s 100,000 times more powerful than the ones that first landed there nearly 60 years ago. Still, that should not take away from the ingenuity of the scientists and engineers who worked on the original program and were able to land Neil Armstrong on computers that had less power than the device you use to recharge the phone you have in your hand today.

U.S. gaming retailer GameStop has “officially” declared that the Sony PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Nintendo Wii U are, “for all practical purposes, now officially retro consoles.” This new classification, somewhat tongue-in-cheek, references the consoles’ age, lack of Fortnite, and their use of component cables as justification.

This isn’t just a joke, however. The change in policy means that gamers are now free to trade in these old timers, even if they’re defective or “aesthetically unfortunate,” as long as they power on. These consoles will likely go on sale in larger stores that cater to displaying old school consoles and games, as well as via its website, with GameStop also referencing other “beloved legacy hardware” like the Sega Saturn and Nintendo DS on its list.

The company shared its message in a letter shared on its social media channels. In the message, GameStop also confirmed that from now until March 21, anyone who trades in a Wii U, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, or any other retro console, game, or accessory will gain an extra 10% in trade credit on the transaction.

While confirming that these consoles are “still very cool” and that anyone who owned one at launch is “absolutely not old,” which is a relief to this writer, who happens to be among them, it’s not a huge surprise to see GameStop do this. Both the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 launched in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and while the Wii U launched in 2012, that console has also been long superseded by the Nintendo Switch and Switch 2. All three consoles are products of a different era, and modern gaming has simply moved on.

Of course, a retro console isn’t the only way to play games from this era. PlayStation 3 emulation has long been possible, although tricky to optimize, while emulators for the Xbox 360 and Wii U have also grown in strength and quality over the years. However, the best option remains, in many cases, to run these games on their native consoles —as long as they still work, that is.

Old or not, there’s likely to be a significant number of still-working PS3, Xbox 360, and Wii U consoles out there ready for a second life, and it looks like GameStop is preparing to support the transition. You can view GameStop's full list of retro consoles, games, and accessories over at GameStop’s Retro website.

A groundbreaking hack for Microsoft’s ‘unhackable’ Xbox One was revealed at the recent RE//verse 2026 conference. This console has remained a fortress since its launch in 2013, but now Markus ‘Doom’ Gaasedelen has showcased the ‘Bliss’ double glitch. Just as the Xbox 360 famously fell to the Reset Glitch Hack (RGH), the Xbox One has now fallen to Voltage Glitch Hacking (VGH).

“In 2013 some kind of iron curtain came down on security, of the Xbox ecosystem, and the Xbox One never got hacked,” noted Gaasedelen in his introduction. The same is true of the Xbox One’s successors, and Microsoft was rightly proud. Seven years after its launch, Microsoft engineers would still assert that the Xbox One was “the most secure product Microsoft has ever produced.”

What made the Xbox One so secure, so special? Gaasedelen referenced prior work and presentations to convey this information. I’ve shared a summary slide about this, too, but let’s fast forward to the demo of the new Bliss hack, which takes place from about 46 minutes into the presentation.

Since reset glitching wasn’t possible, Gaasedelen thought some voltage glitching could do the trick. So, instead of tinkering with the system rest pin(s) the hacker targeted the momentary collapse of the CPU voltage rail. This was quite a feat, as Gaasedelen couldn’t ‘see’ into the Xbox One, so had to develop new hardware introspection tools.

Eventually, the Bliss exploit was formulated, where two precise voltage glitches were made to land in succession. One skipped the loop where the ARM Cortex memory protection was setup. Then the Memcpy operation was targeted during the header read, allowing him to jump to the attacker-controlled data.

As a hardware attack against the boot ROM in silicon, Gaasedelen says the attack in unpatchable. Thus it is a complete compromise of the console allowing for loading unsigned code at every level, including the Hypervisor and OS. Moreover, Bliss allows access to the security processor so games, firmware, and so on can be decrypted.

What happens next with this technique remains to be seen. Digital archivists should enjoy new levels of access to Xbox One firmware, OS, games. There could be subsequent emulation breakthroughs thanks to this effort. We also now have a route to making a Bliss-a-like mod chip to automate the precise electrical glitching required.

Whether PC users, our core readership, will be interested in actually emulating Xbox One, looks unlikely. The 2013 system’s game library is largely overlapped in better quality on the PC platform.

A member of the Save Myrient community has announced that the colossal video games archive has been “100% backed up!” This retro-gaming resource was on the precipice of collapsing last month after collection admins revealed that insufficient funding, rising costs, and abusive download managers were taking a heavy toll on the operation. Costs concerns were particularly strong with skyrocketing RAM, SSD, and hard drive prices.

It is great to share good news regarding the preservation of classic video games. Redditor and SaveMyrient mod, Ill-Economist-5285, fanfared the success of backup efforts just ahead of the weekend. “We've been kicking major ass in the background getting downloads completed and validated,” wrote the mod. “We can now announce that the Myrient mirror is now 100% COMPLETE!!”

As for getting the mirror up and operational, remember the original site doesn’t get decommissioned until the end of this month. However, with the 385TB resource now backed up, work is underway “generating torrents and getting them available.”

Torrents? Yes, but another SaveMyrient mod has confirmed “Torrents is only a temporary solution as of now.” With commenters pledging to make sure to seed their file-collections. Meanwhile, Ill-Economist-5285 reassures Myrient fans that things will be back to normal soon, with some resources being taken down temporarily only to make things ready for the next stage of the plan. More news will come, we are teased. Hopefully soon.

As mentioned previously, Myrient is still operational. So I thought I’d take a look. It was good to see some old favorite Atari ST apps like Calamus there. Moreover, if you feel like celebrating the 30^th anniversary of the release of Descent II on MS-DOS (March 13 in the U.S., March 29, 1996 in Europe) then today may be a good day to do it.

Myrient and AI

The AI industry frenzy undoubtedly contributed to the original Myrient archive’s soaring costs, ahead of its closure announcement. Perhaps ironically, if Myrient hadn’t been saved, retro fans may have looked to AI to generate copies of their favorite apps and games of yesteryear?

A developer has completely rebuilt the classic Gradius arcade game, first introduced in 1985, using ASCII. The newly launched Steam PC game page boasts that Battle for Asciion “is not just styled like text — it is text.” Nevertheless, the recorded on-screen action shows this 'bullets flying horizontal' scrolling shoot ‘em up shares many of the lures of the old-school pixel-based original. As a 2026 bonus, the reimagined ASCII Gradius remake is very RAMpocalypse-friendly, with its recommended specs of a mere dual-core 2.0 GHz CPU and 4GB of RAM.

“There are no sprites, no textures, no PNGs hidden behind the scenes,” the Battle for Asciion devs assure gamers. “What you see on screen is literal text.” This doesn’t mean the pace of the action is restrained in any way, though. Videos show the game running fast and fluid, and in some ways, it's surprisingly detailed.

As shoot ‘em up aficionados might expect, your ASCII ship in the game can be upgraded through stages to wield spectacular firepower. Moreover, there are five long stages, with giant end-of-level bosses to contend with, to beat the Battle for Ascension.

Some alternative history retro-style touches have been added to the configuration options for Battle for Asciion. The devs have implemented several display modes inspired by old monitors, including scanlines and simulated green, amber, or white phosphor dots. The game could be adapted to run on ancient MSX or PCW machines connected to real CRTs, hinted the dev on social media.

It is recommended to play Battle for Asciion PC/Steam using a keyboard “for precision and that ‘terminal shooter’ feel.” That’s entirely optional, though, as this 2026 release features full controller support via Steam Input and is listed as Steam Deck compatible.

The game’s 'Textshot' feature is fittingly unique. Instead of saving screenshots as images, this feature saves the current gameplay screen as a plain .TXT file, which can be edited, shared, or printed just like any ASCII file.

If you think the Battle for Asciion looks kinda familiar, and not just because of its Gradius-a-like gameplay, you may have played an earlier version of the game on the web in 2012. That was back when Adobe Flash was still a dominant interactive player supported by web browsers, and portals like Newgrounds and Miniclip still thrived.

Developer Relevo goes back even further than that in retro gaming terms, even though it was only set up in 2009. It has released games, not just for PC and web, but for classic retro hardware like the MSX, ZX Spectrum, and Amstrad CPC.

If you've got a plethora of older IDE (PATA) hard drives that you need to run data recovery, backup, or for the fun of running retro hardware, then your biggest issue is connecting to a more modern system. JJ Dasher, from JJ's Messy Bench, has created ATAboy, an open source IDE to USB interface designed specifically for older hard disks.

The premise is simple. You have a drive that uses CHS (Cylinder Head Sector), PIO Mode 0 ATA and you want to get data to and from it. With ATABoy you connect up the drive, external power and then connect the USB Type C to your modern day PC. Jump into a serial terminal (PuTTY for example) and then use the very authentic "Award" style BIOS menu appear. From there you can auto detect the geometry, or manually enter the details. Mount the drive and your modern PC will detect and offer the drive as USB Mass Storage. That's it! ATAboy works with Windows, macOS and Linux devices, but the USB interface is "only" USB 1.1 (for now) and while that may sound sedentry for 2026, we have to remember that for older IDE drives that use CHS, this is still a fast interface. Often these drives were at most only a few hundred Megabytes in capacity.

The "Award" influenced BIOS screen is a sheer joy to behold, spoken as a person who was tinkering with 486 PCs back in the 1990s. The interface is simple, clean, and heavily nostalgic.

On the PCB we have the Raspberry Pi RP2350 SoC (System on Chip) as used in the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 and the Pico 2W. This potent dual core Arm CPU runs at 250MHz, and the onboard GPIO handles the IDE to USB interface. The PCB was designed using KiCad, a popular open source CAD application.

ATAboy seems like a dream come true for those of us who enjoy using older PCs. It is compatible with CHS and LBA-type IDE disks, but it is geared more towards CHS. If you want to preserve an old drive, create an image, or simply move files to your modern PC, then ATAboy could be the tool for you. For some of the legacy disks, you will need to experiment with manually configuring the interface, usually because of unusual geometries.

If you want to buy one, JJ has them for sale for $50 or you can get the schematics and bill of materials (BOM) from JJ's GitHub repo to build your own. There, you can also find the latest firmware. You can also find a 3D printable case, designed using FreeCAD, to keep your ATAboy safe from harm. You could print this on one of the best 3D printers or even one of the best budget 3D printers.

Developer Daivuk has released QUOD, a 64KB ‘boomer shooter’ with an uncanny resemblance to id Software’s seminal FPS title, Quake. Astonishingly, this tiny executable delivers a Quake-like 3D gaming experience with “3 levels, 1 boss fight, 4 unique enemies, 4 weapons, and a handful of power-ups.” Moreover, it doesn’t call on any external resources; the whole caboodle of textures, sounds, music, levels, models, animations, and code is compressed into that minimal 64KB download.

Above, you can see Daivuk present his own tiny FPS masterwork, in a nicely structured step-by-step video, which touches on topics such as optimizing the textures, maps, models & animations, audio, code, and even creating a virtual machine for a further 2KB of file size savings.

The developer starts by explaining that the QUOD project has been about 10 years in gestation, but has only really been worked upon in the last year. Daivuk indicates to viewers that he has long thought 64KB is the sweet spot for such impressive demos. “It’s very small, but still leaves room for creativity,” he says.

Devotion to optimization shows in several key segments of the video explaining how this 64KB feat was achieved. For example, instead of saving image file resources into the tiny file, Daivuk saved ‘action-based textures’ which are a Photoshop-action-like ‘recipes’ for creating these visual ingredients. The dev even went as far as developing a custom VM and programming language for the sake of smaller file sizes.

Despite its 1980s-era (tape drive, pre-floppy drive) game file size, QUOD.exe still requires a 2010s era CPU and GPU to render its frantic FPS-blasting fun. The minimum specs for this demoscene title include an “Intel i5 or equivalent, GTX 770 or equivalent, 8GB RAM.” Of course, you will also need a spare sliver of disk space – that’s also a mere 64KB, as this is a self-contained non-install application.

Daivuk seems to have plenty of ideas on how to make 64KB demos and games even better. In the video outro, he mentions a host of possible optimizations and refinements that may come to QUOD v2, or whatever may be next. We will be staying tuned to this creator’s channel, for sure.

We’ve seen and reported on impressive small-file-size demo works before, like a colorful ray tracing animation app squashed into a minuscule 483 bytes! We also wrote about a Quake-like JavaScript game in 13KB. Nevertheless, QUOD remains outstanding for its slick Quake(y) FPS playability, looks, and feel. You don’t have to rely on watching the video to judge this, you can download and run it in seconds…

30 years prior

Incidentally, id Software’s Qtest multiplayer-only demo of Quake was released exactly 30 years ago today. But Quake’s shareware release was on June 22, 1996 (MS-DOS), with the full version becoming available to buyers a month later.

The Interim Computer Museum (ICM) and SDF.org have made 28 vintage computer systems accessible online for free. There’s a plethora of old but gold - some legendary - systems available, so your visit should be like entering a living museum of computing.

All you have to do is point your browser at connect.sdf.org and login by typing ‘menu’ to gain guest access to the systems. Typing ‘1’ toggles between pages, revealing the full 28 choices.

Please be aware that choosing an option will drop you to a command prompt on the system in question. No big deal if you have experience with that particular system and are scratching a nostalgia itch. Others may find that a bit of research is required to do anything productive or fun from the blinking prompt.

In the system menu, there are three columns. The first column begins with a command letter to select a system. Pressing the corresponding key, then Enter, will begin a session on the selected system. The second column shows the operating system, and the third, the ‘hardware.' We’ve put hardware in quotations as SDF explains,” these systems are a mix of emulation, hybrid, and vintage hardware running historical operating systems.” Which systems are real, hybrid, or emulated isn’t immediately clear.

Some notable systems from the menu

Some of the systems accessible, thanks to the efforts of SDF.org and the ICM, are legendary. The Multics (option a, page 1) operating system is a pioneering OS from 1964, designed by MIT, GE, and Bell Labs. It was a big influence on Unix and was still in use as late as 2000. Here it is available at your fingertips on a 'Honeywell 6180.'

Then there is a trio of TOPS-20 systems. These sport the iconic @ prompt and run classic PDP-10 software from the ARPANET era.

Another system with spectacular lineage is the DCD 6500 (option m, page 1) NOS 1.3. Designed for scientific computing by Seymour Cray, before Cray Research was founded, the CDC 6500 was architecturally split with a single main CPU and 10 Peripheral Processors (PPs).

On the UNIX systems submenu, you can see UNIX V7 on PDP‑11/70 at pole position ‘MissPiggy’ (option a, page 2). This system is considered by some to be the Rosetta Stone of UNIX, overflowing with the DNA of this remarkable OS.

I managed to play Chess on the UNIX v7 ‘MissPiggy’ PDP-11/70 system. It wasn’t the most fun I have had today, though. A chess program with graphics and a UI can give me a headache, so this command-line chess game, played without a board, quickly lost its novelty.

The SDF says that funding to run the museum and projects like this comes from BOOTSTRAP membership, sponsorship, and donations. So, if you enjoy this kind of project and want to encourage more, consider signing up for that.

Self Organizing Systems researcher and self-confessed mad scientist, Alex Mordvintsev, has shared a spectacular new CMOS FET-level visualization. In the video below, you can see the Floppy Rescue homebrew ROM running on a FOSS silicon clone of an Atari 2600. What is magical about the video, though, is that the data being fetched from ROM is visualized using multicolor light traces. The scene is almost as mesmerizing as witnessing attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion.

This simulation tool appears to be still in development and not distributed, as Mordvintsev indicates they are still “working on it.” The embedded video starts with a full-screen overview of the Tiny Atari 2600, which is a clone of the classic VCS console’s SoC that forms part of Tiny Tapeout 9. Then the camera zooms in and around, from one end to another, showing the pulsing light travelling through the circuit’s gates and wires.

The signal propagation, as data is loaded from ROM, is shown as a colorful, evolving pattern. Moreover, you can see on the VGA monitor panel, to the right, that it takes the whole video (32s) to display just half of the Floppy Rescue title screen. That would usually load, in full, in an instant on an Atari 2600, meaning this visualization is massively slowed down, so it isn’t an opaque blur.

By today’s semiconductor standards, one might describe the Atari 2600 as Neolithic, but in this animated video, the Tiny Atari 2600 looks so futuristic due to the visualization style. The original 2600 was built around three core chips: the MOS 6507 CPU (a cut-down version of the MOS 6502), the TIA (video, audio, input, and collision detection), and the RIOT (RAM, I/O, and timer). These have been folded into an SoC for the Tiny Tapeout project, and that is what you are seeing in action in this video.

Atari hits and misses

We’ve written about the 1977 vintage Atari 2600, also sometimes called the Atari VCS, several times before. Last November, the Atari 2600+ Pac-Man Edition was rolled out to scrape more cash ($169) from the old games barrel. More ambitiously, in 2021, Atari launched a ‘modern’ VCS based on a Ryzen APU, but that was a $399 clunky flop, as you can read in our review.