If you are wondering why the GeForce RTX 5090, despite being one of the best graphics cards, has evaporated from retail shelves, the answer lies in China’s industrial conversion factories. A newly surfaced video reveals the staggering scale of the country’s grey-market AI operations, showing industrial workshops dismantling brand-new GeForce RTX 5090 graphics cards to repurpose them for the AI boom.

So, what exactly is a GeForce RTX 5090 doing in China when the graphics card is not even officially available there? The answer is simple. They are there to be transformed into AI workhorses. The recently leaked footage offers a glimpse inside these Chinese workshops, where skilled technicians meticulously desolder the pricey flagship’s GB202 silicon and GDDR7 memory chips. They then transplant the components into a dual-slot blower design tailored for server use.

The GeForce RTX 5090 blower graphics cards will ultimately end up in high-density server racks where they will become the backbone of massive AI compute clusters. The scale and efficiency of these operations are impressive, with production lines converting shipments of brand-new GeForce RTX 5090 graphics cards, from Nvidia's custom partner models to the chipmaker's highly coveted Founders Edition. After testing and validation, workers would repackage these modified GeForce RTX 5090 graphics cards and ship them to clients, likely data centers or AI labs.

Many of these Chinese factories are scattered throughout the country. The conversion process is massive in scale, and probably thousands of GeForce RTX 5090 graphics cards are being repurposed every day. Middlemen in these grey-market supply chains are constantly hunting for GeForce RTX 5090 stock to fuel these operations.

Nvidia has reportedly halted production of the GeForce RTX 5090 and is, in all likelihood, redirecting the valuable silicon to higher-margin professional GPUs like the RTX Pro 6000 Blackwell. At the same time, a vast network of Chinese conversion factories continues to operate at full speed. Redirected supply and aggressive grey-market recycling have nearly wiped out GeForce RTX 5090 stock from U.S. retailers.

Custom GeForce RTX 5090 graphics cards now start at an eye-watering $8,500. However, a new workaround has emerged to sidestep the stock shortage and inflated prices: prebuilt gaming systems. Sometimes these GeForce RTX 5090 prebuilts cost less than a standalone GeForce RTX 5090, while offering a fully assembled system with a manufacturer's warranty.

If you had told me a few months ago that buying an entire gaming system would be cheaper than a single high-end graphics card, I would have called you insane. Yet here we are. In today’s chaotic market, prebuilt systems often offer better value than standalone graphics cards.

Following reports over the weekend that an Nvidia RTX 5090 shipment worth $470,000 was stolen from a Brazilian airport, a contraband graphics card linked to the shipment has shown up for sale online. Brazilian media also reports that the police and airport authorities have identified three employees thought to have been involved in the heist, according to GMC. (Machine translated)

According to the report, Guarulhos International Airport has issued a statement confirming that "The investigation of the facts is the responsibility of the competent authorities to clarify the circumstances of what happened." A Brazilian TV news network appears to have identified one of the cards, a Zotac Gaming RTX 5090 for sale on the online marketplace OLX for over $6,000. Quite unfortunately, the reseller uploaded clear pictures of the card's serial number, linking it to the missing haul of graphics cards. Per the report, there is no information to identify the seller, and the listing appears to have since been taken down.

However, police information reported by the outlet does reveal a chain of events and some possible suspects in the case. The shipment, imported from the United States and thought to be worth nearly $500,000, arrived in Brazil on September 20 and was registered with customs on September 24. The two pallets went missing after being authorized for release on September 25. Police believe "two outsourced forklift operators" removed the pallets from the warehouse on September 21, an act apparently recorded by CCTV.

Police state the equipment was loaded onto a truck and hasn't been seen since. A third "checker" employee is said to have released the merchandise from the system to pass through electronic controls.

The RTX 5090 is the world's best consumer gaming GPU, but high demand for AI compute has seen it all but disappear from conventional retail, with the card now fetching upwards of $10,000 in the few remaining marketplaces it can be found, nearly always offered by third-party sellers. As such, an idle, unguarded shipment of such cards would make ripe pickings for thieves, a tempt

Earlier this year, AMD brought the previously RX 9000-exclusive FSR 4 upscaling tech to Radeon RX 7000-series graphics cards and promised an early 2027 release for RX 6000-series products. Christmas has come early for RDNA 2 and many other Radeon gamers, as Radeon honcho Jack Huynh has announced an FSR 4.1 release for Radeon RX 6000-series cards, Xbox Series X and Series S consoles, Ryzen Z-series handhelds, and machines with Ryzen AI Max and AI 9 chips today.

To accomplish this feat, AMD says it tweaked FSR 4.1's neural network model to support the INT8 shader hardware (as opposed to the higher-precision FP8 matrix acceleration hardware on Radeon 9000 cards). Additionally, the version specific to handhelds is slimmed down even further, to less than half the size of the full one.

AMD says that compared to FSR 3, games on the aforementioned GPUs and APUs will now deliver better image quality, all else equal. With Cyberpunk 2077 running in FSR Balanced mode at 4K, our quick testing with a Radeon RX 6900 XT shows that running FSR 4 costs just about 13% performance, a small price to pay for sharper and more stable visuals, especially in motion.

And the higher upscaling quality of FSR 4.1 might let gamers use Performance mode where they might previously have used Balanced, or so on, which might offset that performance cost.

There are more goodies in store, too. The Radeon team says that FSR Frame Generation now ought to have better frame pacing, resolving a longstanding complaint with the tech and potentially making for smoother gameplay with framegen enabled. Support for the Vulkan API with FSR 4.1 is set to arrive at some point, as well, a boon for some games and console emulators. Finally, AMD says FSR Ray Regeneration will also be coming to more games, too. The company showed the tech running in Warhammer 40,000: Darktide, and that integration is available now.

To get all this goodness into your GPU, you can download the just-released Radeon 26.10.1 drivers from the AMD Adrenalin application or directly from AMD's website. The updated software also adds support for Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 4, Star Wars: Galactic Racer, and Final Fantasy Resonance. You can check out the full release notes here.

For owners of Xbox and Ryzen Z2-series handhelds, AMD says that an update from their manufacturers will be forthcoming, as those devices depend on OEM-specific drivers.

We're pleased to see that Radeon gamers are getting upgrades for their existing graphics chips along the lines of what Nvidia has been delivering throughout 2025, because the way things are going, it looks like it'll be around 2077 before there will be a new gaming graphics card launch. If you're an RDNA 2 gamer, go give FSR 4 a shot and see what you think.

Popular graphics post-processing injector software ReShade, commonly used to mod DLSS 5 into unsupported games, now has a foveated imaging add-on, including another standalone project that doesn't need precursor software, allowing DLSS 5 to affect only what's in view, reducing GPU load and increasing FPS.

Foveated imaging is nothing new; it's a technique that's been used in VR to increase performance. It works by only rendering what's in view, often increasing the resolution in the center and reducing it at the edges. Our eyes work in a similar way, with the clearest image in a small area in the center of your vision, blurring on the edges. With foveated rendering, you barely notice the lower-resolution edges as the peripheral vision is less concerned with fine details.

Instead of varying the resolution of the image, however, it varies the level of detail in DLSS 5 Neural Rendering. DLSS NR loads a whole AI model into your GPU and renders images in real time, making it a resource-intensive task; but the task is minimized greatly when most of the detail is only asked for in the middle of the image. That's what projects like maximedgoulet’s Foveated DLSS5 and ClarkCheekyKent’s CheekyFoveatedDLSS aim to do; with Foveated DLSS being a ReShade add-on and CheekyFoveatedDLSS capable of being a standalone integration.

Both implementations allow you to adjust the size of the center area with the highest rendering quality, with independent width and height adjustments to suit your personal situation, as some people have a larger focus area than others or have a different monitor distance. You can also adjust the render fall-off rate, so the image quality lessens more quickly or slowly past the focus area.

As Maximedgoulet's implementation is an add-on for an injector, the pipeline is quite long compared to the standalone integration of CheekyFoveatedDLSS, which Reddit comments claim is more convenient and more polished. Though both show a big improvement in performance, Maximed's Reddit post on Foveated DLSS5 claims an improvement from 48 to 80FPS in The Witcher 3 with 2x Multipass at ultrawide 7680x2160p on an RTX 4090. Considering Maximedgoulet’s 4090 could not handle DLSS-NR on an ultrawide, this implementation might genuinely be feasible to make Neural Rendering more playable.

Panchovix on GitHub recently released a VBIOS configurator for RTX 30-to 50-series cards that doesn’t require flashing. The loader provides a UI for easy configuration and lowers the risk of bricking your GPU by avoiding a risky flash process, and it's available for Linux, too.

Software like MSI Afterburner or ASUS GPU Tweak is often the go-to tool for quickly changing your graphics card’s settings; however, those tools have hard limits to how much you can push the graphics card. If you want to tweak your GPU beyond the firmware’s set limits, you can change it by tweaking the parameters in the VBIOS. Configuring VBIOS is similar to changing BIOS settings in the BOOT menu. With the VBIOS loader, you can change settings beyond the firmware’s hard limits.

The way it works is by storing the modified VBIOS image in the GPU’s register key; as the Nvidia driver looks for a VBIOS override on startup, it finds the VBIOS image and restarts, applying the override settings. The flash chip on the graphics card is not overwritten, reducing the risk of bricking your GPU. However, this does not protect the card from any extreme settings that could destroy electrical components; it merely provides a safer and more convenient way to adjust and apply VBIOS settings, including a way to roll back to the default VBIOS settings should you face any instability.

Bricking a flash chip isn’t as catastrophic as it seems, however. As long as you have a backed-up version of the VBIOS, you can easily buy an SPI flash chip programmer or even build your own using a cheap Raspberry Pi Pico and its many clones; sometimes programming the flash chip may not even require desoldering. Programming a flash chip is very tedious and inconvenient, though, which is why avoiding the risk of a botched flash process altogether is so appealing.

Unless you’re familiar with power delivery, voltage tables, and the patience required to test for hours, we wouldn’t recommend jumping into this unless you’re prepared to risk your GPU. However, you can still safely take advantage of this software by tweaking the fan curves and other settings you’ve applied and tested in software like MSI Afterburner if, for some reason, the startup settings don’t stick. This software will give your GPU new default settings that override at every startup, so long as Nvidia doesn’t remove the registry key that allows the VBIOS override.

The DLSS-NR project on AMD by Daniel Blanco was first released on September 3, 2026, bringing DLSS 5 Neural Rendering to Radeon GPUs; in the latest 0.8.0 update, however, it makes all the main DLSS features available, featuring DLSS SR, Frame Generation, Ray Regeneration, and the newest DLSS NR model, along with more performance improvements.

While AMD has equivalents for most DLSS features like FSR upscaling, frame generation, ray regeneration, and anti-lag, it’s not as commonly supported by most games compared to Nvidia’s offerings. Even if players could use the AMD equivalent features, Neural Rendering is one that AMD just doesn’t have an equivalent for yet, which is why mods like DLSS-NR on AMD were made.

Daniel Blanco wanted to fill the gap with NR in its initial release, but in the latest update, he added all the DLSS features: DLSS Ray Reconstruction, Super Resolution 4.5, Frame Generation, and the latest 310.9.16 improved Neural Rendering build that we covered recently with modders using it on unsupported games. Interestingly, the update notes say it includes FSR 4.1.1 upscaling; AMD GPUs already use FSR, but having FSR 4.1.1 specifically gives the mod a consistent version of FSR to work with, instead of having to be compatible with the various implementations of FSR in different scenarios.

The mod currently supports three generations of Radeon GPUs: RX 9000, 7000, and 6000 (RDNA4, 3, and 2, respectively), in any DirectX 12 game that uses FSR, DLSS, or XeSS. You can install the mod by downloading the NeuralHub mod loader, which provides a UI for you to install it into the games it detects. You then enable FSR, DLSS, or XeSS in the game, and the mod will insert itself into that upscaler pipeline, allowing it to inject any of the settings you configured for the game in the NeuralHub; it even provides an overlay to tweak the DLSS settings without leaving the game.

With a few improvements from the first version, the developer says the output quality is very similar to what DLSS produces on Nvidia GPUs natively, except for “some effects that may not be working 100%.” In the developer’s own testing, he found it to be playable at 90-100FPS at 1080p on an RX 9070 XT, while saying that he’s making improvements every day, planning to match the performance of a 5070Ti.

Real-world results are mixed, however, as Reddit users report showing no performance loss over native FSR, while others experience losing single-digit FPS to up to 25% lower FPS in various games. The developer still has to account for many factors since there are a myriad of PC configurations, but the results look promising as he bridges the gap between AMD and Nvidia GPU features — though it won’t work with anti-cheat, unfortunately.

A Brazilian electronics and IT distributor, Oderço, has gone on Instagram after failing to find answers about a missing shipment of RTX 5090 GPUs worth around $470,000 or R$2,500,000. According to its Instagram post [machine translated], the company has never faced an experience like this in its 38-year history. It was expecting two pallets of Zotac RTX 5090 GPUs at Guarulhos International Airport in São Paulo, which supposedly arrived there but then disappeared. The company has not provided any details, like the shipment’s arrival date or any tracking numbers, but claims that there hasn’t been any official response regarding its shipment inquiries. Because of this, the company went on the social media platform pleading for answers.

RTX 5090s are currently in short supply across the world, with the top-tier card disappearing from online retailers in the middle of September. There have been rumors that Nvidia has ceased production of the GPU to focus on more expensive professional AI cards, although it insists otherwise. Still, it doesn’t help that the flagship GPU is marked “not carried” in Micro Center’s online retail store, making it insanely difficult to find one of the best gaming GPUs you can buy today.

We don’t have any idea how many GPUs are missing, as the distributor only mentioned two pallets’ worth of RTX 5090s. A Zotac Gaming GeForce RTX 5090, which goes for around $8,000 on Amazon presently, is listed at R$33,999.99 on a Brazilian online retailer Promotech. This means that the company is missing 63 GPUs at the minimum, although this is likely going to be so much more considering that the $R2,500,000 amount the company said is its acquisition cost, not the retail price that it’s expected to go for.

We’ve seen various scams where retail customers lose their GPU shipments on the way to their home or delivery address, as well as unscrupulous buyers stripping off the GPU core and memory modules from an RTX 5090 and then shipping it back to the seller. This also isn’t the first instance that a shipment of high-value graphics cards has been stolen — one brazen crew has even rammed security escorts to hijack an AI hardware shipment, while another group stole two trailers marked with the Nvidia logo, only to find that it contained sand.

A new version of DLSS 5 on NBA 2K27 was just released, and modders have already extracted it and are running it on unsupported games. Modders are comparing performance between the older and newer Neural Rendering (NR) model and found it up to 40% faster than the previous one.

While many are still experimenting with leaked and first-release builds, Renan Maniero has already extracted the new 310.9.16.0 DLSS NR build, letting other modders use it in unsupported games and compare performance. Gaming Optimized on X compared the new NR model to the old one and found massive improvements of up to 90% in The Witcher 3 running DLSS 5 natively.

Running a full NR model to modify your game's image is resource-intensive, just as LLMs require a lot of RAM; DLSS NR does, too. To improve performance, Nvidia made the AI model 24% smaller, using 20% less VRAM at 4K, and, according to Nvidia, processes its neural rendering workload up to 2x faster.

Typically, improving an AI model means increasing its parameters and size—in other words, giving it a bigger brain. However, because consumer GPUs have limited, non-upgradable VRAM, Nvidia can't improve by adding a bigger model; instead, the AI needs to become more efficient while reducing resource usage.

These comparisons were much easier than switching back and forth between updates, since the latest version still includes the older model as a preset. The new DLL has two Neural Rendering presets: Preset A is the old model, and Preset B is the newer model.

As with many other DLSS 5 experiments like those Valery Kryzhanovsky does, DLSS is injected into the graphics pipeline using RenoDX or OptiScaler, both of which let you tweak the DLL settings to get different results. To run DLSS NR on older RTX GPUs, the modding community also modified the runtime to support RTX 20-series GPUs, as the OptiScaler GitHub README notes.

Nvidia plans to release DLSS 5 to RTX 40-series GPUs, but there are no reports of it officially coming to RTX 30- or RTX 20-series cards; the modding community seems to have done it anyway.

Nvidia’s GeForce RTX 5090, undeniably one of the best graphics cards of our time, vanished overnight without a trace and is now selling for $8,500 on Amazon. In a recent development, Reddit user DallasGrave showcased a custom quad 8-pin power conversion kit designed for the notorious melting 16-pin (12VHPWR) power connector and the later 12V-2x6 revision. This invention, an upgrade over a previous mod, could reduce the risk of power-related meltdowns.

Unlike the endless stream of aftermarket adapters designed solely to prevent 16-pin power meltdowns, DallasGrave's iteration is more like a power-conversion kit. The direct-mount kit sits above the graphics card and uses a custom harness soldered to the graphics card’s PCB power rails. The quad 8-pin power conversion kit bypasses the 16-pin connection and redistributes the massive power draw more evenly across four conventional 8-pin PCIe power connectors.

Each 8-pin PCIe power connector can deliver up to 150W, so all four combined in this custom configuration match the 16-pin connector’s maximum capacity of 600W. However, this configuration addresses concerns with the 16-pin power connector, which channels 50A through a small, tightly packed set of pins. The power-conversion kit instead spreads the load across four 8-pin PCIe power connectors, which are physically larger and allow a wider pin pitch.

While 8-pin PCIe power connectors are not entirely immune to melting or other power-related failures, such incidents are far less common than issues with 16-pin power connectors. The 16-pin power connector is significantly more compact than a single 8-pin power connector and carries 4X the wattage, so it is more prone to higher current density and heat buildup.

According to PCI-SIG specifications, each of the six power pins inside the 16-pin power connector is rated for a maximum current of 9.5A. This means that, in theory, the power connector's total capacity reaches up to 684W or 57A. For example, 600W (50A) requires each power pin to carry about 8.33A, which is already close to the recommended safety limits.

By contrast, a standard 8-pin PCIe power connector contains three power pins. Combining four of these connectors in tandem provides 12 power pins. When distributing a 50A load across 12 pins, each pin carries just 4.17 amps, about half the current per pin of the 16-pin power connector design. This lower current per pin dramatically reduces wire and terminal temperatures and lowers the risk of heat-related damage.

The quad 8-pin power conversion kit tricks the sense pins on the 16-pin power connection into recognizing the full 600W. However, the Redditor claims they have tested the kit for up to 800W with a shunt mod. The beauty of the kit is that users can use it as a standalone power source or alongside the native 16-pin power connector, essentially acting as a parallel load spreader.

DallasGrave is developing a custom backplate that will enhance the power conversion kit's visual appeal. Notably, it is not limited to the GeForce RTX 5090 or any specific brand. According to the Redditor, they are preparing a range of models for production that cover nearly every variant on the market, including Nvidia’s Founders Edition. However, the creator has not yet revealed key details such as the official release date, pricing, or installation logistics.

Last week, gamers still holding any hope that the GPU market would somehow stabilize had their hopes dashed. A while after Nvidia reportedly put the RTX 50 Super series on hold, rumors started flying that production of the already-rare RTX 5090 was stopping, likely to use precious silicon manufacturing capacity for more AI accelerators. Now, the company's senior VP Jeff Fisher reportedly said that card was not discontinued and would continue to be shipped. The statement comes after a myriad of websites, including Tom's Hardware, have asked the company for official comment, but to no avail.

The information comes from Taiwanese websites including 4Gamers and SJTV, which both are quoting a purported post-event interview where Fisher offered a brief explanation of the situation. According to the VP, supplies of the GPU are limited, but Nvidia is seemingly going all out to get the product to market (paraphrased from the Taiwanese reports).

"The supply chain (capacity) is indeed somewhat constrained, but NVIDIA is doing everything it can to get the product on the market. Although there are other variants of the RTX 5090 (chip), production has not been discontinued, and NVIDIA will continue to ship, which is very important," Fisher reportedly said to 4Gamers.

He also reportedly reiterated a common quote from Nvidia execs, stating that without GeForce, Nvidia wouldn't be where it is today, and likewise, the AI market wouldn't exist as it does today.

The claim that the card isn't gone after all merits some spot-checking, so we did a cursory browse of the common retailers. At Amazon, RTX 5090s are selling for about $8,500, but from third-party sellers. Best Buy has a grand amount of naught cards on offer, while Newegg lists 5090s for about $7,300, but from what are likely Chinese sellers, judging by the shipping time. The ever-famous U.S. tariffs would likely add quite a chunk of change to that price tag, too. Finally and perhaps most poignantly, the card remains absent from Nvidia's own marketplace and Micro Center as of this writing.

Some would say that these statements are nothing but a means to keep the company in gamers' minds, even though gaming-related revenue is now a vanishingly small piece of Nvidia's ever-larger money pie.

Jensen's firm isn't the only one seemingly keeping up appearances, as Intel has repeatedly stated that its long-awaited refresh of consumer GPUs isn't dead, and last year AMD said it still intends to deliver "the best mainstream gaming GPUs on the market." Yet there are no new GPU launches from any of the three, and their quarterly launch figures keep doubling down on AI.

We reached out to Nvidia for comment on the situation and received no reply.

Buying a GeForce RTX 5090, widely regarded as one of the best graphics cards on the market, was already extremely difficult because of price hikes and near-zero availability. Now, it will be impossible to get one. Amid recent rumors that Nvidia is halting production of the GeForce RTX 5090, another sign of the card's disappearance from the U.S. market are emerging. Micro Center has reclassified the Blackwell flagship as "Not Carried," and many of its stores have sold out. Tom's Hardware has reached out to Micro Center for comment.

The “not carried” status on a product is different from simply being out of stock. When an item is out of stock, it just means the product is temporarily unavailable, but the retailer plans to restock once new inventory arrives from the manufacturer. In contrast, a "not carried" label implies the product is no longer part of the retailer's active catalog. Therefore, the retailer does not expect to restock the item.

Custom GeForce RTX 5090 graphics cards from Nvidia partners such as Asus, MSI, and Gigabyte are still listed on Micro Center’s website for now. However, a closer look shows these models are out of stock at all of the retailer’s physical locations. This widespread unavailability lends credence to the rumors that Nvidia has reportedly stopped producing the GeForce RTX 5090.

The Asus GeForce RTX 5090 ROG Astral Edition 20 is the only GeForce RTX 5090 graphics card that remains in stock at most Micro Center stores nationwide. However, there is a catch. This particular model is only available as part of the exclusive Asus ROG 20th Anniversary Bundle priced at almost $11,000.

Adding another twist to the unfolding story, one Redditor claimed to have seen Micro Center employees remove all GeForce RTX 5090 graphics cards from the shelves on October 9, just a day before rumors of a production halt began circulating online. According to the account, when the Redditor asked the store manager why, the manager refused to explain.

The Redditor wanted to buy the Asus ProArt GeForce RTX 5090; however, a Micro Center employee reportedly said the graphics card "was pulled and being sent somewhere else," offering no further explanation. Nonetheless, the Redditor noticed two GeForce RTX 5090 cards still on the shelf and allegedly begged staff to let them buy one. The Asus GeForce RTX 5090 ROG Astral Edition 20 would require selling a kidney, and no doctor or surgical equipment was nearby. Therefore, the Redditor bought the Gigabyte GeForce RTX 5090 Aorus Stealth Ice, which Micro Center generously price-matched to the cheaper Asus ProArt GeForce RTX 5090.

The fairytale ending wrapped up with the Micro Center employee reportedly telling the customer, "congrats on getting the last 5090 we will probably sell..."

Nvidia has not officially commented on the GeForce RTX 5090's situation. Despite ongoing speculation, the chipmaker still lists the GeForce RTX 5090 on its website with a “starting at $1,999” price, an MSRP we have not seen in ages. The original rumor suggested that Nvidia had stopped producing the GeForce RTX 5090, but it has not been formally confirmed as a discontinuation.

It makes sense for Nvidia to reallocate the GB202 silicon that powers the GeForce RTX 5090 into its Pro lineup, where profit margins are considerably higher. Instead of focusing on the GeForce RTX 5090 for gaming, Nvidia can channel the GB202 into products like the RTX Pro 6000 Blackwell, RTX Pro 5500, and RTX Pro 5000, where the market will pay a steep premium for the same silicon.

Sadly, times are changing, and the GeForce RTX 5090 has shifted from flagship to a soon-unattainable halo product.

Apple internally uses a system known as “Minions,” a “virtual GPU cloud” made up of idle Macs, to help manage workloads, as described in a recent arXiv paper published by its researchers. The system helps take stalled AI jobs, some that once had 10-plus-hour company GPU queues, and distributes them to Macs on the network, with resulting wait times down to as little as minutes. A request from a user on the company’s Slack can get the ball rolling, although the researchers observed a common concern about teams’ data running on devices outside their group.

The paper, also shared on Apple’s Machine Learning Research site, describes the system as having a “Minion Server,” a “Minion Executor,” and a “Minion Watchdog.” The system relies specifically on Apple Silicon for AI inference, the only type of work it does. There are two kinds of jobs: embeddings with open-source Hugging Face transformer models, and text generation from large language models through Ollama, which is installed on each participating Mac.

The Minion Server works by splitting submitted tasks into subtasks, stored in a PostgreSQL database. Then, on each Mac, a Minion Executor is run to pull the next subtask over REST APIs; there is no central scheduler in this “pull-based execution model.” The Mac reads inputs from Amazon S3, grabs the model if needed, runs the subtask on its own GPU, then returns the result to S3.

Failures are caught by the Minion Watchdog, which tracks the heartbeats that Macs running work send every five minutes. Unfinished subtasks end up back in the queue when, for example, a Mac goes to sleep, drops off the network, powers off, or a user stops the executor to get control of the machine back. The owner can determine which jobs the Mac takes first, such as preferring one team’s or project’s jobs with “dynamic task binding,” or can rely on the default first-in, first-out scheme.

Our understanding is that each Mac runs a whole model on its own piece of work, and the paper does not suggest that any one model is split across Macs. Running a model entirely on one Mac’s hardware with unified memory should come as no surprise to OpenClaw enthusiasts who practice the same in their own home labs. The volunteer computing angle is also not new, reminiscent of SETI@home’s and Folding@home’s model of distributing small chunks to idle machines, based on the paper’s described architecture.

Aside from the reduction in GPU queue times, the paper also cites that requests with Minions do not require new GPU requests, the infrastructure cost is zeroed, and the scaling effort goes from manual to organic. This does not factor in the electricity costs or hardware wear.

Participation is handled informally, and team members may, for example, “send Slack messages requesting others to temporarily run the Minion Executor and target a specific project or task.” Confidentiality remains a concern even for internal work, which Apple aims to mitigate with team- and organization-scoped deployments with their own databases and separate pools of Macs.

The new paper comes at a time when compute is increasingly a bottleneck for AI-related workloads. Apple acknowledges this in its latest quarterly filing in July, saying that it “depends on access to sufficient computing resources” in an ecosystem with “constrained supply, extended lead times, and increasing costs.” The risk that it may be unable to “secure sufficient capacity,” even with its own data centers and third-party cloud providers, appears to make the Minions approach more practical.

Apple’s Private Cloud Compute, the server side of Apple Intelligence for more complex requests, now also runs on Nvidia GPUs in Google Cloud, first announced at WWDC in June. That came after sudden and high Mac demand for local AI, with then-CEO Tim Cook saying in April that the Mac mini and Mac Studio supply may take months to catch up. Device supply discussed in the July earnings call also mentioned advanced-node constraints and increasing memory costs.

The authors say that, in future work, Minions will extend to distributed model training. More broadly, they write that if idle Macs across organizations “or potentially across the global community” can be “securely federated,” they could form a shared GPU pool. For now, the Macs act as overflow AI capacity only inside Apple.

A Redditor has shared a photograph of the prices of Nvidia RTX 50-series GPUs in Japan, and it doesn’t bode well for gamers. According to u/Chaise91’s post on the r/pcmasterrace subreddit, retail prices for some of the best gaming GPUs are somewhere between 5.66% and 41.1% higher compared to Amazon U.S. listings.

The memory chip shortage and massive demand for AI compute have been affecting the supply of gaming GPUs, with reports suggesting Nvidia is planning to halt RTX 5090 production in favor of AI data center and professional GPUs. Because of this, the supply of high-end GPUs has vanished online, with third-party sellers now demanding almost $10,000 if you want to buy one. The image shared on the social media platform does not show the RTX 5090, so we fear that retailers in the market no longer have the high-end graphics card in stock, leading to supply pressure on the lower-tier cards.

We built a table comparing the prices from the Japanese retailer to listings we found on Amazon based on the current exchange rate of JPY 153.38 for every USD 1, and the hikes vary between 12.71% on average for the RTX 5080 to a jaw-dropping 41.10% for the RTX 5060 Ti 8GB. Note that these are pre-tax prices, though, so your mileage may vary depending on which state you live in. We added a representative 8.5% tax rate to see the price difference for gamers in states with high sales taxes, and the difference falls between 3.88% and 30.04%.

While the Japanese market is typically more expensive compared to the U.S., especially in GPU pricing, you would still feel the price hikes on these graphics cards, especially for the mainstream RTX 5070 Ti and below. While this may be bad news for Japanese gamers, it could also serve as a harbinger for the United States, as these pricing trends tend to travel westward. We saw this late last year, when Japanese shops started limiting SSD, HDD, and RAM purchases due to shortages, and GPUs with 16GB VRAM and up had to be rationed because resupply shipments failed to arrive on time.

These price increases are indeed plausible given the chip shortage pummeling the PC gaming industry, but we’re hoping that this is just a fluke in the local Japanese market and not a preview of things to come for the global GPU market. But in case you’re on the market for a new graphics card and have been following our GPU price tracker to get the best possible deal, you shouldn’t delay your purchase any longer, as there’s a chance that these price increases will eventually land on American shores.

Chinese tech companies have bought more than 1 million Nvidia gaming and workstation GPUs to plug gaps in demand for AI computing power, Financial Times reports. The report cites industry insiders who claim the buying spree highlights an ongoing and significant reliance on U.S. AI hardware, despite a burgeoning homegrown market.

The report firstly notes that China's national strategy for developing AI has led to a doubling of domestic AI chip production this year; however, the country cannot keep up with demand from its biggest tech companies. The report cites a shortfall of nearly 1.5 million chips, with only 3.5 million expected to be manufactured domestically while demand "far exceeds" 5 million. To compensate, China is purportedly turning to Nvidia's gaming and workstation processors, which are compliant with U.S. export controls, repurposing them for AI.

According to FT, the chips are "mostly" Nvidia's RTX Pro 6000D, RTX Pro 5000, and the RTX 5090, the latter of which is the best graphics card on the market for enthusiast gaming. As the report notes, these Blackwell chips can't compete with Huawei's Ascend 910C and other homegrown flagship offerings, but they are useful for "simpler AI workloads," such as prefilling.

This is significant pressure on a GPU market where prices for enthusiast cards have already skyrocketed. The RTX 5090's MSRP is $1,999; however, the card can now only be found at a handful (three) of third-party resellers for no less than $7,199, and has all but disappeared from the market.

The report highlights that demand for Nvidia's GPUs is driven in part by its CUDA software, which remains more favorable than Huawei's Cann alternative.

As for the enthusiast market, it was recently reported that Nvidia has halted RTX 5090 production, to be replaced by a 24GB RTX 5080 flagship. That would mark a significant step down from the 32GB the 5090 currently boasts, a troubling sign for enthusiasts that the enthusiast gaming GPU market appears to be receding, rather than advancing.

Nvidia has today announced that its somewhat controversial DLSS 5 technology — AI-powered neural rendering for gaming — is now two times faster than the current model, marking a 10x performance leap since March. The model is also now smaller and uses up to 20% less VRAM.

Nvidia says it has achieved this through a combination of "systematic pipeline optimizations and neural model refinements." As mentioned, the latest performance jump over the current model is a 2x leap, which means that the transformation DLSS applies to games through lighting and beyond will now run at higher frame rates or more intense settings.

Nvidia says the DLSS 5 October update shrinks the overall DLSS 5 model's footprint by nearly a quarter to 118 million parameters, and reduces VRAM usage at 4K by 20%. As such, the company claims that at similar visual fidelity, the GPU overhead versus the September model has been halved. Elsewhere, Nvidia says the change can boost frame rates by up to 1.4x.

The new faster model will debut in NBA 2K27 on October 16; you can see a comparison in the video below:

Nvidia confirmed it will bring DLSS 5 to Hogwarts Legacy next month. The technology continues to be supported on RTX 50-series GPUs, as well as GeForce NOW and the new RTX Spark lineup.

Nvidia is also introducing a new faster Performance Mode for Frame Generation on RTX 50 Series, as well as RTX 40 series GPUs, and RTX Spark laptops. The company says that a new "Preset C" mode replaces the AI model previously used "to calculate optical flow for elements like UI or ray-traced effects" with a new algorithm that is faster and lighter, boosting DLSS Frame Generation, MFG, and Dynamic MFG. The company says this is worth 35% in terms of speed on the RTX 5060.

Over recent weeks, we've seen the release of DLSS 5 Neural Rendering in NBA 2K27, followed by its porting to older GPU generations, and the unlocking of DLSS Multi Frame Generation (MFG) for older graphics cards. But how did all of that happen, and who are the people in the modding community unlocking features that Nvidia itself has locked off from users of anything but its latest Blackwell-based GPUs? We sit down with modders Dashdogy and Uncle Burrito to understand how, and why, the modding community has been breaking down Nvidia's software-based locks.

In 2025, during the release of the RTX 5000 series graphics cards, one Australian student was watching a Digital Foundry interview with Nvidia engineers, where the team was showing off Multi Frame Generation (MFG), a feature locked to Blackwell GPUs. During the podcast, the idea of MFG running on older RTX 4000 series hardware was floated, but the feature was never released for Ada Lovelace hardware. “Every few months, I would do a Google search to see if it ever happened or not,” said Dashdogy, a Physics Major studying Mathematics and Space Science.

“A few weeks ago now, the perfect storm arrived. Mid-semester break had just started, and I did the same Google search as I always do. But thought, maybe I’ll look into it. How hard could it be?”

One AWS instance, and a week of late nights later, he unlocked “true” MFG on Ada Lovelace hardware, a feat previously believed to be impossible due to incompatible instructions and a black screen that blocked the progress of modders before them. We’ve tested the mod extensively, and the results stand out. Multi Frame Generation has unofficially arrived for non-Blackwell hardware.

Dashdogy isn’t the only modder that’s been hard at work unlocking features for older-gen GPUs. Several weeks ago, when DLSS5’s Neural Rendering DLL first found its way onto the internet, RTX Remix modder Uncle Burrito set their sights directly on it. “I had no idea of telling [if running DLSS 5 on Ada] was even possible,” they said. Given the previous performance claims of requiring multiple RTX 5090s to run on its initial reveal, Uncle Burrito knew DLSS 5 would be computationally expensive, but that didn’t stop him from trying to get into the DLL itself.

“Once I reverse-engineered it, with the help of Claude, it became obvious that this was possible on Ada. Not only was most of the code compatible, but to me, it looks like Ada support was simply left behind as a work in progress, not as a hard limit.”

And so, less than a day after the DLL had been released in an early access version of NBA 2K27, Uncle Burrito had successfully ported the technology to Ada hardware. In the weeks since the release of Uncle Burrito’s initial unlock for DLSS 5 NR on Ada GPUs, Nvidia has clarified that Neural Rendering would indeed be supported by RTX 4000 series GPUs, lending credence to the idea that implementation on Ada GPUs was merely unfinished in the initial shipping versions of the DLSS 5 DLL.

These two foundational mods by Dashdogy and Uncle Burrito now serve as the baseline for endless numbers of forks and integrations of both Neural Rendering and MFG for older hardware, which have now allowed for ports all the way back to 2018’s Turing architecture, and in DLSS 5 NR’s case, ports to AMD hardware. It’s now as simple as using one of many tools to click-and-install both into hundreds of games.

Unlocking MFG (Dashdogy)

Dashdogy’s experience in modding spans years, having created Stellaris mods while still in High School, making compatibility scripts to patch multiple mods together. But porting DLSS MFG to Ada devices was a different beast entirely. Blackwell and Ada use entirely different ISAs, despite their software similarities. “When this [running Blackwell instructions on Ada] happens, the frames will generate, but the GPU graphs an error and returns a black screen,” he explains.

Underpinning Nvidia’s implementations of DLSS in shipping titles are two pieces of software: a package named Streamline, which usually includes a suite of DLSS software, and is a universal translator that allows games to run various upscaling technologies like DLSS. Used in tandem with Streamline is a Neural Graphics Framework (NGX), Nvidia’s proprietary software that underpins its AI-powered efforts like Super Resolution and Frame Generation. As a game calls for tools, NGX cooks the computation, and Streamline serves them to a given game’s engine.

As Dashdogy explored how to make MFG compatible with Ada, the modder targeted Streamline and NGX directly. “I specifically spoof the Streamline and NGX calls in memory that define how many frames the GPU is allowed to generate.” This approach allowed an Ada-based GPU to think it was allowed to generate more frames than it ordinarily would. “It’s a pretty simple interception, and on 40-series turns 1 into a 5. Now the GPU knows ‘I am a 4080 and I’m allowed to generate five frames,'" which successfully swerved the black frame issue that other earlier modders encountered, thereby unlocking higher frame generation multipliers.

Dashdogy quickly packaged things up as a Cyberpunk 2077 mod, and shipped it off to Nexus Mods. This was the canary in the coal mine for a more mature integration, but things weren’t quite perfect yet. Dashdogy and other modders reported a problem — when using anything more than 2X MFG in Cyberpunk 2077 on Ada, things felt sluggish. Latency wasn’t great, and with the help of another modder, they believed that this was the work of the fabled “Hardware Flip Metering,” which smooths out MFG's outputs, and is a primary reason Nvidia offers as the reason the feature doesn’t work on older graphics cards.

Armed with a cloud instance that uses an RTX 6000 Pro Blackwell GPU, Dashdogy quickly went to work improving the MFG mod. “I conducted a kernel dump whilst the GPU was running MFG.” Dashdogy was also equipped with OpenAI’s Daybreak Blue AI model, a modified version of GPT 5.6-Sol with safeguards adjusted to allow for defensive cybersecurity tasks and vulnerability discovery. Using the model and his know-how, he analyzed the RTX 6000 Pro’s kernel dump to check where things might be going wrong for his MFG mod, directly comparing it to his native RTX 4000 Series integration.

“For 6X frame generation, the GPU will render two real frames, then generate five frames and place them between those two real frames,” he told Tom’s Hardware Premium. Without copying this integration, frame pacing in his existing solution felt odd and disjointed.

“The 40-series-generated frames were all compacted around the middle of the two-frame interval. As you can see [in the image above], what we would expect, and what I measured from the [RTX Pro 6000 Blackwell], was five frames, neatly positioned at separate intervals. However, the 40-series GPU was forcing all of these around the same interval as 2X frame gen would put its one single frame.”

This caused the frame pacing of the MFG frames in the initial mod to feel sluggish, weird, and have poor responsiveness, as frame pacing is crucial in making a title feel smooth, especially when any frame generation tool is involved. “I discovered that the 40-series kernel responsible for motion processing was hardcoded to output a midpoint scaling for 2x only,” Dashdogy described. “With multiple generated frames, that compressed their represented motion toward the middle. With the fix, they spread out much more like the Blackwell reference.”

“The mod can work anywhere normal frame generation is implemented in any game,” Dashdogy told us, with additional telemetry for users to see exactly what’s changing. “The kernel is the same for both 40-series and 50-series; [it’s] just architecture-specific functionality [which blocks MFG on Ada]. 50-series has a number of Blackwell-specific optimizations that I’ve backported as well, and they contribute to better latency overall.”

The modder explains that the frame pacing fix was the most difficult part of the now-universal MFG port to Ada. But after its release, it now sits as a loadable ASI in a game’s directory and controls up to 6X frame generation in supported titles. The project has since been forked by other authors, which plugs the logic Dashdogy wrote into ReShade, a popular graphics mod tool.

Unlocking DLSS 5 NR (Uncle Burrito)

“I’ve been working with 3D art and graphics for many years now,” explains Uncle Burrito, a graphics enthusiast who implemented Path Tracing into Need For Speed Underground 2 using RTX Remix several years ago. “Over the years, I’ve stayed in the RTX Remix community to learn a lot more about real-time rendering and the techniques used for it.”

After hanging out in Nvidia’s RTX Remix Discord channel, news of the emergence of DLSS 5’s nvngX_dlssnr.dll spread like wildfire. According to Uncle Burrito, mods quickly clamped down on discussion of the DLL, and modders flocked to private channels and alternative servers, such as the RenoDX Discord server, to discuss development and integration. The DLL itself was written specifically for Blackwell, but the Ada architecture shares the ability to read FP8 instructions, which is what the DLL uses to load DLSS 5 Neural Rendering’s model weights.

Using that as a starting point, Uncle Burrito quickly went to work. “The model itself is just weights. These weights need code to be executed. The code was only written for Blackwell. CUDA binaries, right?” he explained. But despite this, and the aforementioned difference in ISAs between Blackwell and Ada, certain instructions could not be read by the humbler RTX 4000 series GPUs.

“Four of the 15 CUDA binaries [contained within nvngx_dlssnr.dll] would not run on Ada.” But this wasn’t an impossible task, as Uncle Burrito previously explained. The integration for Ada appeared unfinished and therefore, not entirely impossible. “I simply needed to patch the replacement compiled binaries”, meaning that it only took patching four affected CUDA binaries to get things up and running for RTX 4000 series graphics cards, Uncle Burrito told Tom’s Hardware Premium.

Uncle Burrito, alongside Ghidra, a reverse engineering tool, and an instance of Claude Code, set out to recompile the incompatible binaries to design a patch, but fell into a roadblock made by Claude itself. “I’m not too familiar with reverse engineering myself [...] Claude made the decision to use the incorrect version of the CUDA SDK to compile the replacement [binaries].” And so, the patched DLL ran, but instead output a black screen. “I could see the NR debug banner, and it did affect my framerate, but the output was completely black.”

“This is one of the many pitfalls of vibe coding,” Uncle Burrito said. “You can’t make anything good if you don’t understand what you’re working on. Usually, I don’t give the model any room to gaslight or make a wrong decision. If you don’t know what you’re doing, then don’t expect miracles.”

After realizing the mistake and recompiling with the correct CUDA SDK, the results were quickly posted to the RenoDX Discord server. “Ada performance is about as good as it can get. It has native FP8 support, so the hardware is doing its best. The rest can be attributed to simply not [having] enough horsepower in the chips.”

The simplicity of the patch might appear to be surprising, but the DLL leans on the same information that’s standardized between games and platforms, similar to how Streamline works in most game engines. “Motion vectors and depth buffer are [two] of the few things in graphics programming that we’ve standardized. Almost every modern game produces motion vectors, and rasterization isn’t possible without a depth/z buffer,” Uncle Burrito told us. Therefore, the DLL becomes a drop-in replacement for the officially distributed one, which unlocks the functionality on Ada.

Uncle Burrito’s methodologies were since picked up by RenoDX’s ShortFuse, who then worked on porting the DLSS 5 NR DLL to Ampere and Turing generation graphics cards. That porting work is more involved, since it also includes the translation of the model to be read by FP16 instructions. Following the release of Uncle Burrito’s work, a new DLL has emerged, with universal compatibility between Turing, Ampere, and Ada generations.

Unblocking the software lockouts

Between the MFG unlocker from Dashdogy and the patched Neural Rendering DLL created by Uncle Burrito, the community-made mods both unlock functionality that would not have come to older-generation cards or would have otherwise been added at a later date. According to Dashdogy, “40-series has no excuse” when it comes to support for Multi Frame Generation. “It’s a very small change that allows [the mod] to work,” noting that additional work is being done to recompile things for Turing and Ampere, with the caveat that latency and overheads get higher the further you go back.

“It always comes down to performance,” Uncle Burrito said. “It’s fair for [Nvidia] to not include Ada until they can get the optimization part sorted.” The modder further adds that the situation can be read in both ways, as a method for Nvidia to sell more RTX 5000 series graphics cards, and to have more time to optimize Neural Rendering for older RTX 4000 series GPUs.

Everyone wants to make the most out of their available hardware, especially at a time when consumer graphics pricing has firmly rocketed past the moon, with RTX 5090 GPUs now approaching north of $9,000. “I personally think [the MFG mod] is really important in the current market,” Dashdogy adds. “... many are just getting priced out of the new generation entirely, so giving people the ability to hang on to their GPUs for a little bit longer is going to help a lot of people stay invigorated and connected to the hobby.”

If a single Australian student can unlock DLSS MFG for older GPUs, Nvidia’s claims of hardware exclusivity appear less like a technical limitation and more like artificial lockout. For those unafraid to modify a few simple files within a game, those features are all readily available, albeit unofficially. There’s an irony in how both MFG and Neural Rendering were ported to older GPUs — the development of both mods relied on cutting-edge AI models — powered by the same ecosystem that’s driving Nvidia’s earnings. Now, the very same AI revolution Nvidia champions is being used to tear down its own walled garden.

A GitHub programmer has created an Nvidia bug tracker page that compiles each driver update’s release notes and feedback threads on the forums, logging progress on 462 different driver bugs. They first shared their creation, called NvidiaWatch, in late September and then released an update on the r/Nvidia subreddit earlier this week.

The programmer said that each bug gets its own page, meaning anyone affected by it could easily track if the latest driver update has already solved the issue. Each driver update also gets a dedicated page that includes the release notes, fixed bugs, and open issues that Nvidia couldn’t address yet. The creator also added a chart that tracks the number of known issues that were fixed during that release, fixed in a later release, remained open, and those that were carried over from an earlier driver release.

This website is quite useful for anyone running into issues with their Nvidia hardware, as they’d be able to track whether their problem has already been recognized by the company and whether it has done something about it. It’s also a good idea for anyone wanting to update the driver on their GPU to consult NvidiaWatch first; that way, they could avoid some nasty surprises like the fan control bug that came with the GeForce 595.59 driver.

Hopefully, someone could create a similar update but for Windows updates. A website like WindowsWatch would absolutely be useful, especially as the Microsoft operating system has a lot more users than Nvidia GPUs. This would help savvy users determine if an update is problematic, allowing them to roll back or pause updates before they encounter an issue, while also making Microsoft’s notes easier to understand for the layperson. Having a trend graph could also pressure Microsoft to fix issues much more quickly, as users could now see the number of problems piling up between fixes. This would be a bit complicated, though, especially as there are many different Windows versions, with some updates only affecting a few versions.

A GPU repair specialist has uncovered another GPU scam involving a counterfeit RTX 4090, with a fake GPU die and memory chips designed to resemble genuine components. The graphics card was purchased for 30,000 Rubles, or approximately $350, as a potential repair project. However, upon close inspection, it was revealed that the board was fitted with dummy components.

According to VIK-off (h/t VideoCardz), the Russian repair specialist received the GPU from a customer who purchased the card as a bare printed circuit board (PCB). Since the original cooling system was missing, it was difficult to verify whether it actually worked before the purchase was made. Now we’ve seen similar scams in the past, but this particular case stands out due to the sheer effort that was put into making the counterfeit components.

According to Vik-Off, the counterfeiters managed to replicate intricate details including the labeling, GPU package, chip markings, as well as the compound surrounding the processor. The fake GPU die was even soldered onto the PCB using a ball grid array (BGA), making it appear as though it had been installed during the original manufacturing process.

However, certain inconsistencies gave it away, like the color of the substrate, surface reflections, and certain lettering. After removing the fake GPU package, the repair specialist found that its contact area did not resemble that of a functional processor, while the solder mask started to deteriorate during cleaning.

Even though the memory chips looked genuine at first, removing one of the packages revealed what appeared to be GDDR6 memory rather than the GDDR6X chips used on the RTX 4090. The markings on these chips closely resembled genuine Micron memory packages, making the counterfeits even more difficult to identify. Vik-Off suspects the PCB design could be based on an RTX 3090 Ti, although there is no conclusive proof.

This isn’t the first time a counterfeit RTX 4090 has made its way into the hands of customers. Back in June, Chinese hardware shop owner Brother Zhang came across a broken RTX 4090 that had been purchased for around $222. A closer inspection revealed that the card was essentially a replica with a plastic imitation of Nvidia’s AD102 GPU die instead of the actual silicon. Additionally, the "TW 3043E2" marking indicated that the card was somehow manufactured in 2030.

One should always be cautious when purchasing used high-end graphics cards, especially those marked as repairable or untested. The onboard components and chip markings might look convincing, but that does not guarantee that the hardware inside is genuine. Always ask the seller for proof that the card works and, whenever possible, drop it in a system and test it before handing over your money.

A Reddit post by user markpronkin (“OP”), titled “54gb vram for 35$,” says the user purchased an old crypto mining rig, originally discovered in a garage, for a negotiated 3,000 rubles, or about $35. The rig was rusty, and the buyer “had zero idea if it works, so did the seller,” with a pre-purchase test request refused. However, on the first try, all nine Nvidia P106-100 GPUs, with 54GB of VRAM between them, worked. The initial test: a successful local run with the 35-billion-parameter model Qwen3.6-35B-A3B in Ollama, which operated at over 30 tokens per second.

The rig was discovered in a “damp garage” the seller had purchased years earlier, then listed on Avito, a Russian classifieds site. The OP had concerns about whether or not the rig would work and offered to test it and pay more if it functioned, but the seller refused, and the price was negotiated down without a test. The cost was low enough to take the risk, the buyer said. Even in the case the rig worked, performance was imbalanced, as the main system has a weak Celeron CPU with very little system memory.

The setup was originally intended for crypto mining with specialized Nvidia P106-100 GPUs, Pascal-generation cards with 6GB of GDDR5 each that OP calls “basically gtx 1060 6gb.” Gigabyte’s P106-100, for reference, has 8,008 MHz memory with a 192-bit bus width for about 192 GB/s per card. The hardware was originally introduced around the middle of 2017. The cards are no longer entirely supported as CUDA 13.0 removed offline compilation for GPUs below compute capability 7.5, which includes Pascal GPUs, and driver branch 580 is “the final [one] that supports GPUs before CC 7.5,” Nvidia says on its developer blog. Security updates are supported through October 2028, however.

The first test was a mixture-of-experts model using Alibaba’s Qwen with “35B [parameters] in total and 3B activated,” per Qwen’s model card on Hugging Face; it’s roughly a 24GB download. The initial test had it at “30+ tokens a second” in Ollama but it can probably operate faster “with mtp and some optimizations,” OP says, referring to multi-token prediction.

Another user stated that such performance was possible on a CPU alone, to which OP replied, “On a 35$ device without any optimizations?” A dense, non-MoE model such as Qwen3.8-27B is unlikely to run as well, but “It should run any MoE model that fits entirely into VRAM decently well.” Performance is also expected to be limited by the PCIe 2.0 x1 motherboard slots.

The system is capable but would have some limitations due to the sizes of some popular models. Qwen3.6-35B-A3B at 8-bit should fit at 36.9GB, as should Llama 3.3 70B at 4-bit, at 42.5GB; at 5-bit, just below 50GB, it would leave little room for context. Larger models are probably not workable, and even the 70B 4-bit Llama would hit a ceiling around 4.5 tokens per second before hitting other bottlenecks, since each token reads all 42.5GB, card by card, at about 192 GB/s. The performance the buyer achieved is in spite of the rig, and the MoE model was the best choice for that type of result.

The buyer still got a good deal, as the price comes out to about 65 cents per GB of VRAM. For comparison, an RTX 5090 with 32GB of VRAM and 1,792 GB/s of memory bandwidth launched at $1,999 in early 2025. The rig has 1.7 times the VRAM for less than 2% of that price, but each of its cards has about a ninth of the bandwidth. According to OP, the mostly compute-only P106 cards sell for about 50% of their GTX counterparts.

One important caveat here is electricity costs, with the GPUs having a combined 1,080W TDP as estimated by one commenter, but OP says their power is free and generally inexpensive in Russia as a whole.

With the rig securely in hand, the OP’s next move is to transfer the hardware to a better case that supports up to an i7-7700K CPU and 32GB of RAM. The new case allows for 12 GPUs, so buying three more of the same adds up to 72GB of VRAM total. The solution is attractive because of “unlimited usage and actual privacy,” the buyer said to WiredEntrepreneur. Repurposing used hardware for a self-hosted AI solution with appropriately sized MoE models is a viable, useful project for enthusiasts who want freedom. From the OP’s perspective, more VRAM means more freedom.

It might be reasonable to assume that desktop PCs are built in a certain way due to decades of evolution and optimization. However, we're getting used to TrashBench challenging convention, and we're pleased to say the video below represents one of this enthusiast's best cooling innovations yet. In this latest video, completely ignoring the accepted norms of GPU placement delivered up to a 19°C hotspot temperature reduction but adversely impacted CPU temperatures. However, some more tweaking resulted in a 14°C reduction in hotspot temperatures and a 3.3°C cooler CPU.

TrashBench's plan was to prepare his RTX 3080 desktop PC and "test it normally, then start moving s*** around." This process began with an entirely conventional setup with the CPU cooled by a 360mm AIO, and the triple-fan RTX 3080 slotted directly into the usual PCIe expansion slot.

With the traditional build complete, TrashBench tested this baseline with a constant thermal load from looping 3DMark Time Spy and 7-Zip’s built-in benchmark. The fans in the system had their RPMs locked for consistency. Now he could start "trying to figure out if we’ve been putting the parts in the wrong place."

Beginning the first 'alternative' PC build, we heard the modder muse, "cable management isn’t important here... Is it ever?" Then we saw the GPU tested at the bottom of the case, and vertically to the side, facing one way or another, and either side of the triple case fans on the side. Meanwhile, the CPU AiO cooler was tested with the radiator fans pushing air out or bringing air in.

In summary, some configurations mostly benefitted the GPU or the CPU. But, as we noted in the intro, the sweet spot - where a worthwhile benefit was recorded in cooling both the GPU and CPU was still very worthwhile.

Taking the lessons learned from the best GPU and CPU cooling ideas, and striking a balance, TrashBench finalized his reinvented PC cooling design. That was with the CPU mounted vertically, directly against the side intake fans, and the CPU AiO cooler radiator in a traditional exhaust config. See the screenshot for the observed benefits. We’d headline this sweet spot configuration as delivering a 3.3°C cooler CPU and chilling the GPU hotspot by 14°C.

If you want to try this kind of GPU repositioning testing, a PCIe riser cable is essential. We saw TrashBench use them in a number of lengths.

Nvidia has reportedly ceased selling its GB202 graphics processors for consumer-grade GeForce RTX 5090-series add-in-boards (AIBs), including 'D' variants for the Chinese market, according to a leaked notice from an unknown factory cited by @hongxing2020, who tends to have insights into the graphics card market. Another prominent leaker @Zed__Wang confirmed the report and said that from now on the GB202 silicon will be exclusively used on data center and professional graphics cards.

"According to a notification from the factory, Nvidia will no longer manufacture any RTX 5090 models, including the D variants," a message cited by @hongxing2020 reads. "Going forward, the highest-end GeForce graphics card will be the RTX 5080 24GB, while the RTX 5080 16GB version will be discontinued. Please spread the word."

This is, of course, an unverified claim and not an official Nvidia announcement. We asked Nvidia for a comment, though the company has yet to respond. Typically, Nvidia does not comment on rumors.

While the information is strictly unofficial for now, the alleged decision would make considerable economic sense for Nvidia, as the company can sell GB202 processors on data center and professional graphics cards that cost substantially more than the GeForce RTX 5090. In fact, Nvidia's recently introduced RTX Pro 5500 features the same number of CUDA cores — 21,760 — as the GeForce RTX 5090, but comes with 84GB of GDDR7 memory instead of 32GB and targets considerably more lucrative professional visualization (ProViz) and AI applications. Meanwhile, the fully-fledged RTX 6000 Pro with 24,064 CUDA cores and 96 GB of memory can easily sell for $15,000.

By discontinuing GB202-based GeForce products, Nvidia could prevent its relatively inexpensive consumer graphics cards from competing with its own professional accelerators in the lucrative AI sector. Essentially, the company is redirecting its limited semiconductor manufacturing allocation toward higher-margin products without necessarily sacrificing its position in the gaming market, as neither the GeForce RTX 5080 nor RTX 5090 have direct rivals.

Even if Nvidia has indeed discontinued shipments of GB202 processors for consumer graphics cards, GeForce RTX 5090 boards are unlikely to disappear from the market overnight. Nvidia's add-in-board partners, distributors, and retailers likely have inventories of GPUs and finished graphics cards that could sustain availability for some time. However, if Nvidia no longer supplies GB202 processors for GeForce products, the availability of RTX 5090 cards will inevitably decline, which will affect prices of these AIBs.

Meanwhile, Nvidia could be preparing to refresh its GeForce RTX 50-series lineup. The company has long been rumored to be developing GeForce RTX 50 Super graphics cards, including an RTX 5080 Super with 24GB of GDDR7 memory, although their introduction has reportedly been postponed due to memory supply constraints. The rumored GeForce RTX 5080 24GB could therefore represent a revival of these plans, and with no more GeForce RTX 5090 32GB on the market, the new product will have better memory supply.

Nvidia is also developing its next-generation Rubin-based GeForce RTX 60-series GPUs, but recent rumors suggest that these products will not arrive until late 2027, or even 2028. Consequently, if the reports about the discontinuation of the GeForce RTX 5090 are accurate, Nvidia could leave the enthusiast gaming market without a GB202-class flagship for a considerable period, so if you are in the market for the absolute best graphics card, now is the time to get it.

Reddit user u/DallasGrave shared a fix for his RTX 5090, one of the best graphics cards, whose 12VHPWR connector was overheating, along with an image of a module screwed onto the back of his GPU. This module is apparently a custom-made power distributor that splits the current load across more wires to lower connector temperatures. Apparently, u/DallasGrave is connected to GRAVEPC.com, which offers mainly custom cooling solutions for small form-factor PCs.

In response to a commenter asking whether this mod will be covered under PNY’s warranty, he said, “We're a PNY partner. You'll be able to buy a PNY-specific card with a similar modification directly from us with a full warranty.” This mod isn't currently on his website, however. PNY hasn't been great at honoring warranties for the 12VHPWR issue with third-party cables, as covered in this recent story about a third-party cable melting in use, so take the claim of full warranty coverage with a grain of salt.

The 16-pin connector issue plagues many Nvidia graphics cards because they draw high current through what is essentially a 12-pin connector. The four smaller pins are sensors, and the remaining 12 are split between six +12V and ground connections. The connector typically uses high-current-rated 16AWG cables, and in theory, they should handle up to 600W.

Apparently, some cases of these melting connectors are due to poor connections where the pins don't make enough contact, causing high resistance and heat buildup, and uneven current distribution is often a source of issues. This was rarely the case with older multi-8-pin connector setups, as the safety margins were higher. However, graphics cards now draw more current, and Nvidia thought it should run it through fewer wires.

The modder essentially fixed this issue by soldering additional connections to the power rails directly on the RTX 5090’s PCB and routing them to what can only be described as a power distributor. This distributor contains a PCB that the wires connect to and where the two female 8-pin connectors are placed. It is unknown whether the modder designed it himself and whether it contains any other power-delivery or protection components, such as capacitors and fuses.

The distributor appears to be custom-made to fit his specific graphics card, and the housing shows signs of resin printing. In the modder’s stress test, running the card at full load, pulling 550W for 48 hours, he says it “never crossed 40c even at the joint.”

The 12VHPWR connector is a terrible design; cramming that much power into only six wires creates a very sensitive system where slight misalignment and uneven current distribution could cause connector-melting temperatures. This mod is cleaner and more attractive than the other power mods we’ve covered, like this poor Galax RTX 5090, but it is still invasive, requiring wires to be soldered directly to the card’s power rails.

One of the many appeals of retrocomputing and emulation is being able to play your old games on much better systems than you or your parents could afford at the time. Along those lines, techie SupraGSX has brought support for Nvidia's Pascal-era cards (mainly 10-series and Quadro P2000-P6000 cards) to Windows XP 32-bit, with a bevy of modern accouterments for DisplayPort and HDMI handling, too.

The new ForceWare 382.69 (custom numbering) is a spin-off of the existing 368.81 driver, seemingly Nvidia's last Windows XP release that supported 9-series GPUs. The software also pulls card firmware from Quadro 376.84 drivers, and support for Video Protected Region from Windows 7 GeForce 378.78. Although some websites mention that this project was vibe-coded, the repository doesn't mention it, and a cursory look at the build instructions didn't reveal any obvious traces of clanker activity.

Here's the full list of supported cards, taken from the code repository. The one notable omission is GT 1030, based on the GP108 chip. The rest of the lineup is fairly complete, and there's even an experimental build that supports the 1050 Ti. Since the author is releasing new versions as we speak, it's worth checking the project's README for updated information.

• GeForce GTX 970, 980, 980 Ti; GTX TITAN X (Maxwell).
• GeForce GTX 1060 (3/5/6 GB), 1070, 1070 Ti, 1080, 1080 Ti; TITAN X (Pascal), TITAN Xp.
• GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (experimental support)
• Quadro M4000, M5000, M6000, M6000 24GB; P2000, P2200, P4000, P5000, P6000.
• Additional desktop OEM variants of GTX 950 and GTX 960.

Because contemporary displays with high refresh rates and resolutions can be tricky, SupraGSX added DisplayPort HBR2 and HBR3 support (High Bit Rate), HDMI 2.0 identification and mode-retry fail-safes, HDMI/DVI handling, and improved scaling and aspect ratio settings in the Nvidia Control Panel.

Some folks have tested the new driver, and it appears to work mostly fine, with reports of it working well with ultrawide screens at high refresh rates. SupraGSX is active in the Vogons forums, where it seems to take bug reports and feature requests.

If you're interested in revitalizing your retro system with Forceware, you can go to the project's releases section and download the installer package. Enterprising modders can review the extensive build instructions and perhaps roll their own mods.

Since many retro-tinkerers may be asking for Windows XP 64-bit support, a fork of the Forceware driver existed, but it's since been deleted. However, its binaries live on at Mega. Since these are all unofficial drivers, always exercise caution and don't install them on systems where you're concerned about data safety.

Nvidia is tailoring its popular DGX Spark platform and the GB10 SoC to better fit the realities of today's AI models and the broader silicon supply crunch. The company is introducing a 64GB version of the Spark that's meant to be more affordable to local AI trailblazers who just don't need 128GB of RAM.

Back when we first began exploring the capabilities of the DGX Spark and similar systems, the general assumption was that lots of RAM would be necessary to hold the most intelligent models one might want to run, and so unified memory systems built around AMD's Strix Halo, Nvidia's GB10, and Apple's M-series chips could all be configured with 128GB of memory or more.

But the AI field moves fast. Highly intelligent dense models like Qwen 3.8 27B can now fit comfortably within 32GB of RAM (albeit with limited context), so the original Spark's 128GB of memory isn't essential for local inference alone. And skyrocketing RAM prices mean that a chip that’s permanently paired with too much costly LPDDR5X is more of a barrier to entry than an asset. So a more affordable Spark with less RAM makes sense for those who need the capabilities and supporting software stack of Nvidia's GB10 Superchip and can live with less memory.

A "more affordable" DGX Spark is of course relative in today's market. 64GB GB10 systems from Acer, Asus, Dell, Gigabyte, HP, and MSI are slated to start at $4999 when they launch on October 23. Given the ever-shifting prices of memory and storage right now, they might not stay there for long. Assuming you can find a 128GB GB10 system in stock, you can expect to pay roughly $7000 to $9000 for one right now, far above even Nvidia's adjusted MSRP.

Memory capacity change aside, 64 GB Sparks will retain the same ConnectX 7 RDMA NIC as their 128 GB stablemates, meaning that they can still be clustered to boost memory capacity and inference performance if a user does eventually outgrow the bounds of 64GB of RAM. The same 20-core Arm CPU complex from the original Spark carries over unchanged, as does the 273 GB/s of shared memory bandwidth for the CPU and GPU.

To help make use of that ConnectX 7 NIC, Nvidia is also making it easier to join Sparks together with a new software tool, the Nvidia Sync Cluster Assistant, that automates the process of yoking those systems together. (Sync is a remote connectivity and management app for the Spark that allows users to use their Spark’s AI horsepower from other Macs and PCs.)

That tool supplements a variety of community-developed utilities that have sprung up over the past year to make clustering a more seamless process, as we used in our experiments with clustering two Dell GB10 systems together earlier this year.

Nvidia is also adding a feature to Sync called Model Launcher that automatically downloads and starts models like the aforementioned Qwen 3.8 27B across one or more systems and links them to the OpenCode browser-based coding agent so that users can start using their local token factories right away for agentic workflows.

The 128GB DGX Spark and Spark-alikes will remain available for those who need space for larger models and for scaling across clusters, or for more memory-hungry local AI work like model fine-tuning, so there’s basically no downside to this addition to the DGX Spark lineup. In today’s volatile market, it’s good to have options, and a 64 GB Spark gives local AI enthusiasts another choice to better fit their budgets and workflows.

A Micro Center customer who bought an RTX 5090 in Tustin, California, was required to sign an Advanced Computing Product Purchaser Declaration form, which bars exporting the GPU, before being approved to purchase the GPU. According to u/Krothic’s post on the r/Microcenter subreddit, they bought a PowerSpec AI90 Workstation with an AMD Ryzen 9 9950X CPU, an RTX 5090 Founders Edition GPU, 64GB DDR5-6000 RAM, and a 2TB SSD from the retailer and were surprised when the manager required them to sign the form, which you can see in the post below.

The form requires a prospective RTX 5090 buyer to give their full legal name, residential or business address, government-issued photo ID, phone & email, actual end user (if different from purchaser), location where the product will be installed, and its intended end use. It also says, “NO EXPORT - NO EXCEPTIONS. Micro Center will not sell this product to a purchaser who intends to export, reexport, resell, transfer, or otherwise cause it to leave the United States, regardless of destination.” Micro Center did not mention why it recently began requiring the form, especially as other commenters in the Reddit post said that they weren’t required to do so previously. However, one other person said in the thread that they had to fill out a similar but longer form when they bought a GPU from Central Computers last summer.

Even though GPUs that have the processing power of RTX 4090s or higher were first banned for export to China in November 2023, U.S. authorities only started seriously clamping down on smuggling operations recently. One major arrest, so far, is that of three Supermicro employees, including its co-founder, Yih-Shyan “Wally” Liaw, who are suspected of illicitly shipping $2.5 billion worth of Nvidia hardware to China. There have also been anecdotal reports of people buying used RTX 5090s in the U.S. en masse, arriving with testing rigs built into their cars and paying sellers in cash.

It’s unclear how these Micro Center forms will stop or prevent the smuggling of RTX 5090 GPUs, especially as they don’t list the serial number of the GPU being sold. The policy is possibly a deterrent for those who casually purchase high-end equipment like this and sell it to another buyer at a higher price, whether that buyer plans to use it locally or export it illegally.

We have reached out to Micro Center for comment and will update as necessary.

Gears of War: E-Day takes us back to the very beginning of one of the most beloved sagas in gaming: Emergence Day. And to tell this new chapter in the Gears story, developers at The Coalition rebuilt Gears entirely from the ground up in Unreal Engine 5. On top of all-new assets, E-Day is the first shipping title that uses UE5’s MegaLights technology. This tech allows artists to light a space with hundreds of dynamic ray-traced light sources, all in real time.

MegaLights immediately stands out as something different and distinctly next-gen for real-time graphics. Right from the start, Gears of War: E-Day made the hair stand up on the back of my neck with its haunting use of light and shadow. As I fought through the first bloody minutes of Emergence Day with protagonists Marcus and Dom and some new recruits in tow, I was struck by the power of dynamic lighting from sources like the flashing lights on police cars and ambulances.

And as I walked through a ravaged supermarket, I was amazed by the diversity of realistic light sources in the scene, from flickering TVs to fluorescent tubes in the frozen foods aisles. To find out what level of graphics horsepower Gears' incredible presentation demands in exchange for a 60 FPS average, I wiped the Locust guts off and got to testing performance across 43 of our graphics cards to see which GPUs were up to the job.

If you're interested in CPU performance, check out our Gears of War E-Day CPU benchmarks, as well.

Image quality analysis, low to max settings

Gears of War: E-Day offers five quality presets: Low, Medium, High, Ultra, and Ludicrous (seemingly equivalent to Cinematic in other Unreal Engine 5 titles). We captured screenshots at the same location in-game using all five of these presets so you can get a sense of the image quality changes at each one.

If you have to turn down settings to achieve playable performance, I wouldn’t personally go any lower than Medium, as Low brutally crushes the shadows (which may or may not be a bug) and loses a lot of ambient occlusion, creating a sort of cardboard cut-out look on surfaces like the car headlights in the comparison scene above. Check out the rather cartoony-looking destroyed building on the right edge of the frame, too, where the destroyed interior and intact exterior aren’t naturally shadowed.

From Medium on up, the differences are more subtle. Shadows from foliage become softer and more detailed as we move from Medium to High to Ultra, more bounce light might be visible on some surfaces, and textures might be slightly sharper, as expected. But you’re not losing a ton of visual richness if you have to step down to Medium. And as you’ll see in our performance results, that’s a good thing for older and lower-end hardware.

Image quality with RTX Mega Geometry

In addition to Unreal Engine's MegaLights, Gears of War: E-Day is also one of the first titles to ship with Nvidia’s RTX Mega Geometry tech. Mega Geometry allows for efficient ray-tracing of highly complex meshes like those used for foliage. E-Day exposes Mega Geometry as a toggle, so it’s easy to compare its impact on scenes.

In the examples above, RTX Mega Geometry creates subtle but solid improvements. The most noticeable effect of the feature is that trees have more natural self-shadowing in their cores, and shadows and ambient occlusion on some surfaces can also be visibly improved. We also found that hanging foliage (as can be frequently seen spilling out of planters in the game’s early segments) cast more accurate shadows with the feature enabled, but you’re not generally sticking your nose up close to those objects. Small objects in rubble piles might also show crisper and more accurate shadows, too.

RTX Mega Geometry is technically compatible with graphics cards ranging all the way back to Turing, but Gears will only let you enable it on cards with 12GB of VRAM or more, which wasn’t a common spec before the RTX 40-series family rolled around.

I didn’t have time to test the performance cost of Mega Geometry on every compatible card, but for those I was able to test, I saw a roughly 10% performance cost, and that drop seemed consistent across GPU generations.

If you’re looking for the absolute best image quality with E-Day, I would certainly enable Mega Geometry, especially after creating the side-by-side comparison images above. But this also isn’t a game where you’re standing around and appreciating pretty trees too much, so if you want better performance, you can also leave Mega Geometry off without raining potatoes on Gears’ image quality.

Notes on upscaling and frame generation tech

Gears of War: E-Day is refreshingly vendor-inclusive when it comes to upscaling and frame generation technologies. It features the latest DLSS, FSR, and XeSS tech on compatible graphics cards, as well as Epic's cross-platform TSR upscaling.

As we've come to expect, DLSS upscaling looks the best of the three vendor-specific upscaling solutions. It offers the sharpest and most stable image quality at rest and in motion.

FSR 4 on RX 9000-series and RX 7000-series cards looks great, if a tiny bit less stable on the finest details in motion compared to DLSS. But because you’ll want to steer clear of super-low input resolutions for upscaling to begin with to avoid placing more load on the CPU, DLSS’s current advantages at low input resolutions are less important in this title than they are in Control Resonant, for example. In short, RDNA 4 and RDNA 3 gamers will have a great time with upscaling enabled.

If you’re on an RX 6000-series Radeon, whatever fallback version of FSR is being used in this game is really showing its age. Surfaces visibly boil and crawl when the player is at rest, and high-contrast edges show distracting flickering. This option considerably worsens the presentation of the game.

The cross-platform version of XeSS available to RX 6000 cards doesn’t totally correct these issues, but it looks far better than FSR 2 or 3. If you’re still gaming on an RDNA 2 card and want the best possible image quality, we’d favor Intel’s upscaler.

Frame generation is also available across all three major graphics vendors. DLSS Multi Frame Generation is present and works as expected. AMD’s FSR ML Frame Generation appears to be present, as well, and it works on RX 9000-series cards without a (figurative) hitch.

But if there’s a fallback to an older FSR version for earlier graphics cards, it seems to be broken, as the feature is grayed out on RX 7000 and RX 6000 series cards. We expect that this is a bug or oversight and will be fixed, but it made it hard to see whether framegen was possible or working properly on those older cards.

Finally, for Intel, XeSS 3.0 with Multi Frame Generation is also present and functional, although the level of performance on offer from Arc cards might not be high enough to allow for large amounts of frame generation at acceptable input latencies. Still, XeFG is another handy tool for tuning your Gears experience to taste.

Performance analysis at 1080p, 1440p, and 4K

Since Gears requires RT and takes a mostly vendor-neutral approach to its graphics feature set, the performance story is pretty simple. We don’t have to generate tons of comparison data for RT on and off, and we don’t have to contort various settings to create a scalable workload across GPU vendors.

At 1080p, some clear performance trends immediately emerge. RTX 50-series cards hold a slight raw performance edge in average FPS over Radeon RX 9000-series hardware, but the Radeons demonstrate significantly higher 1% low frame rates.

Subjectively, Gears seems to exhibit more obvious hitches than we’ve seen in a modern game of late, and Nvidia cards might suffer more from that behavior than Radeons, especially at this lower resolution. But on a high-refresh-rate, variable-refresh-rate monitor, those hitches only occasionally poke through on cards from either vendor.

The 1% low superiority of the RX 9000 series isn’t universal, either, as the combination of FSR 4 and RT seems to weigh more heavily on RX 7000-series cards. The RX 7900 XTX and RX 7900 XT would generally land close to the RX 9070 XT, but here they fall below even the RX 9070. The RX 7800 XT also performs more in line with the RX 9060 XT than the RX 9070 GRE here. That’s the price you pay for the superior image quality of FSR 4 on GPUs that lack the matrix math accelerators needed to run the model at its best.

The TL;DR for those seeking a 60 FPS average at the 1080p Ultra preset is that among current-gen cards, you’ll want an RTX 5060 at the bare minimum and preferably an RX 9060 XT or RTX 5060 Ti (at least if you were lucky enough to get one before prices for those products shot through the roof). The RX 9070 GRE and RTX 5070 provide a solid higher-refresh-rate experience, while the RX 9070, RX 9070 XT, and RTX 5070 Ti all clear the 90 FPS mark.

If you want a native 60 FPS-ish average at 2560x1440 Ultra, you need an RX 9070 GRE or RTX 5070 at minimum, and you really want an RX 9070, RX 9070 XT, or RTX 5070 Ti.

But given the broad availability of high-quality upscaling and frame generation options in this game, it’s worth grabbing FrameView (for all vendors) or pulling up the Nvidia Overlay and seeing whether your baseline PC latency is low enough with Quality upscaling (say) to consider adding framegen to the mix on compatible cards. Gears features Nvidia Reflex and responds well to AMD’s Radeon Anti-Lag feature in the driver, so it’s a great candidate for frame generation.

And that’s good news indeed, because at a native 4K Ultra, Gears simply can’t run at a 60 FPS average on anything short of the RTX 5090. The RTX 4090 comes close, but even it could really use a dose of DLSS upscaling and (optionally) frame generation to provide a fluid experience. Lesser hardware will require some personal dialing-in of upscaling and frame generation settings to arrive at the ideal balance between a smooth experience and solid image quality.

Gears of War: E-Day 1080p performance scaling on RTX 3060

The RTX 3060 remains the most popular graphics card on Steam. We've already seen that it isn't well suited to running Gears at native resolution with Ultra settings, so we used it to test performance scaling across all of the game's available presets, both with and without upscaling, to see what a large group of gamers needs to do to achieve a good experience.

At native resolution, not even the Low preset can get the RTX 3060 over the 60 FPS hump. We wouldn't recommend using Low alone to boost performance for the reasons outlined in the image quality analysis earlier in this review. You're giving up a lot of image quality for no good reason when upscaling is available.

You can also see why the maxed-out Ludicrous preset isn't realistic for most cards, as it cuts performance roughly in half versus Ultra. If you're going that route on most GPUs, you will certainly need a dose of upscaling and frame generation, and since the build of Gears we used doesn't expose cross-platform framegen options, you're stuck in the mud on the 3060. (You can't mod in framegen using Optiscaler without risking a ban, either, as Gears uses Easy Anti-Cheat.)

Dialing in DLSS Quality at 1080p affords more freedom for balancing image quality and performance on the RTX 3060. Medium settings plus DLSS Quality gets us over a 60 FPS average with reasonable 1% lows, and we know from our earlier analysis that Medium looks quite a bit better than Low, so this is a fine place to be.

If you're willing to tolerate the potential for larger performance drops, you can even shift up to High, but 1% low frame rates take a big hit, and more demanding scenes might chug a little. We'd stick with Medium for the best all-around experience, but you can choose your own adventure.

Dialing in more aggressive upscaling settings at 1080p to boost performance on the 3060 isn't a great idea, as residual RT noise is already creeping into parts of the scene with DLSS Quality. We'd really love to have DLSS Ray Reconstruction at our disposal here, given the extensive RT effects and poor apparent image quality of Gears' internal densoiser. One can only hope that such an update is coming later.

Bottom line

Gears of War: E-Day is an incredible technical showcase for the PC. As the debut title for Unreal Engine 5’s MegaLights feature, it uses light to gorgeous, often cinematic effect. The dynamic lighting and shadows in this game feel distinctly next-gen. If you obsess over the artistic qualities and usage of light like I do, you will frequently be wowed by the variety and intensity of effects on display. And the assets that those lights fall on mostly look like a million bucks. In short: this game is a feast for the eyes.

In exchange for its jaw-dropping lighting and detail, E-Day requires a strong CPU for the best performance in addition to a powerful graphics card. Check out our full CPU performance analysis for more details.

Given its demands, Gears may have some gamers with older hardware contemplating an upgrade. At a native 1920x1080 Ultra, the ever-popular RTX 3060 falls well short of a 60 FPS average, and anything less powerful than a Radeon RX 7700 XT or RX 6800 XT is also way off that pace.

In our supplementary tests, we found that the RTX 3060 needs 1080p Medium settings and DLSS Quality to clear the 60 FPS bar. But Gears still looks decent at Medium, so you’re not giving up too much eye candy in the bargain.

For a native-res 1080p Ultra and 60 FPS-ish experience, you want an RTX 5060 at a minimum, or a Radeon RX 9060 XT for a considerably smoother ride.

For higher-refresh-rate displays at 1080p, the RX 9070 GRE comes out as a bang-for-the-buck champion, shadowing the RTX 5070 for roughly $300 less at current pricing. And if you want even higher performance, the RX 9070 hits the 90 FPS mark on average for not that much more cash.

At 2560x1440 Ultra, an RTX 5070 or RX 9070 GRE both fall just short of a 60 FPS average, so upscaling or frame generation (or both) may be required to get over the hump. But you really want an RTX 5070 Ti or an RX 9070 XT for the best experience and value.

Native 4K Ultra gaming in this title is practically impossible without frame generation, upscaling, or both. Only the RTX 5090 can clear a 60 FPS average, and the RTX 4090 falls just short. Every other graphics card is way behind, so if 4K is your goal, it’s time to start dialing in those performance boosts.

Since input latency is well-controlled with Nvidia Reflex or AMD’s driver-level Radeon Anti-Lag in this game as a baseline, you can usually enable DLSS FG at will on Nvidia cards (or FSR frame generation with more care) and go about your gory business.

Although this game isn’t an Nvidia-backed path-tracing showcase like many of the headline AAA releases of 2026, GeForce gamers still get one unique feature that Radeon owners don’t. Gears implements RTX Mega Geometry for more accurate RT on objects with lots of fine geometric detail, like leaves and rubble, and it seems to improve shadows and ambient occlusion on some surfaces, too. If you have a GeForce card with 12GB of VRAM or more, Mega Geometry is well worth its roughly 10% performance cost.

Given E-Day’s already extensive integration of Nvidia tech, we really would have liked to see DLSS Ray Reconstruction included in this game. The stock RT denoiser seems far from perfect and leads to visible boil or instability in shadows and reflections, and the overall detail in reflections isn’t quite up to par with what we’d expect. Ray Reconstruction makes a major difference for the quality of those effects in Control Resonant, and we’d like to see what it can do here, too.

But even so, Gears of War: E-Day sets a new high-water mark for what's possible from PC graphics, and I can't wait to dig deeper into the game to see how MegaLights enhances the rest of the experience. Don't be surprised if this title takes a spot in our next GPU Hierarchy update.

The Call Center Doctors, a call center consultancy that builds and runs call floors for other businesses, rented a server with four Nvidia H200 AI GPUs to serve DeepSeek V4.1 Flash to its Claude Code agents in place of Opus 5.5, according to its test write-up. The write-up is aimed at anyone who has heard that DeepSeek is “80x cheaper” than Claude. Using its real coding mix, the firm's server topped out at around 213 tokens written per second at an on-demand cost of $440.88 per day, versus $184–$223 per day for the same work via DeepSeek’s API. The call center went back to Opus 5.5 at a lower price than the box would cost at on-demand rates.

DeepSeek’s API is priced at $0.15 per 1 million new input tokens off-peak, $0.003 cached input tokens, and $0.60 per 1 million output tokens. Peak costs are double. By comparison, Anthropic’s Claude Opus 5.5 is listed at $4 input and $20 output per 1 million tokens, with cache reads at $0.20. The consultancy used it through subscriptions and not the API.

The box’s performance was fine for one kind of work at a time in the test’s one-minute full-load runs. But the coding agents work mostly by resending the conversation, and 96% of what the agents provided the model was stale text, according to the consultancy’s logs. It takes about 1,000 old tokens for every new token written; the re-reads are cheap, but so numerous that the box was kept busy re-reading, leaving little of its time for writing new tokens.

Getting the model to run stably took five tries at 10 to 15 minutes of loading for each try. The box bills whether it’s busy or not, which is suboptimal. By our arithmetic, a standard-length month at the on-demand rate, $18.37 an hour, comes out to about $13,200. This is over twice the consultancy’s September Claude bill. Additionally, one box can only get through about 20 billion tokens a day, by the consultancy’s math, most of it re-reading, against the 51 billion the consultancy’s agents used on its busiest day.

The testing was aimed at anyone who has heard that DeepSeek is “80x cheaper” than Claude. One server running from Sept. 1–27 had 2.03 million model calls, 388.5 billion tokens read, 374.2 billion of them cached, and 393 million written, with 5,610 merged changes. The consultancy’s September Claude Code subscriptions came to about $5,500. The same 27 days of tokens on DeepSeek’s API would be between $3,500 and $7,000, depending on peak pricing, with our estimated average around $4,200 if usage is spread evenly across the week.

Set against Claude Opus 5.5’s list prices, the same tokens would come to about $140,000 by our math, over 25 times the cost of the subscription. That flat-rate discount is where the 80x went. The consultancy also priced each merged code change: about $1 on Claude, and about $0.63 on DeepSeek’s API if DeepSeek did the same work with the same tokens. Its $1.15–$4.90 estimate for DeepSeek is based on assumptions that the model would need more tokens, succeed less often, and need Claude to check its work.

DeepSeek never got to write actual code in the test. The consultancy’s reviewers kept finding ways agent code could escape the sandbox, for example via a settings file in a shared temp folder that could allow agent code to be run as admin. This meant the code-writing agents had to stay offline. Instead, DeepSeek ran only as 48 to 64 read-only reviewer agents, reading 2,377 folders and filing 32 bug reports. The box, rented at a $9.19-an-hour spot rate, was taken back by the provider within minutes of the last test ending.

Based on the V4 generation, where Pro outscored Flash, better performance from the model family can be expected with DeepSeek V4.1-Pro, which currently does not have a firm release date. This may change the math in the future, but for now there are better ways to spend on tokens than renting GPUs to run an open model.

Former EVGA product manager Brendon Ray Hedrick has posted a personal account of his time at the company in which he details the challenges that EVGA encountered near the end of its partnership with Nvidia. When he left the company in 2019, Hedrick predicted that the business relationship between the two companies would eventually implode, which proved to be largely accurate when EVGA exited the GPU market in 2022.

As he tells it, Hedrick's concerns about the relationship between the two companies began when it first released the Founders Edition GPUs in 2016. While EVGA had sold Nvidia reference designs with its own brand on the box before, its primary (and only) GPU supplier was now competing directly against it by selling graphics cards directly to customers, bypassing board partners entirely.

However, the biggest challenge that EVGA faced arose, according to Hedrick, was when Nvidia began requiring its partners to sell a model that would hit the announced MSRP, even if it sold at a loss. Companies that did not comply would get reduced chip allocations, so partners needed to produce a loss leader product to ensure that they would get all of the chips they would need to satisfy demand.

“The models on which we did not lose money had better circuit boards and cooling of our own, but they also carried a substantial premium,” Hedrick writes. “To a customer comparing them with the advertised starting price, it could look as though EVGA was charging an enormous amount just for those additions.”

In Hedrick's view, as Nvidia Founders Edition cards got better with each generation, more expensive AIB offerings started to make less sense for most buyers. This led to loss-leading models constantly being sold out, while customers who chose more premium models started to hold on to their GPUs for an extra generation or more. “For a manufacturer like EVGA, those decisions carried very different consequences. We still had cards to sell and a business to sustain; enough customers sitting out a generation could be financially devastating,” Hedrick wrote.

In reference to Nvidia's introduction of real-time ray tracing tech on its RTX 20-series cards in 2018, Hedrick recounts that “Nvidia could afford a long technological bet. My concern was whether a company as lean as EVGA could comfortably absorb the difficult part of it,” in reference to convincing consumers that the upgrade to the new tech was worth it at a time when only a tiny handful of games featured RT.

When Hedrick left the company, he says he believed that EVGA and Nvidia had about four or five years left before the situation led to a confrontation. This prediction came true a year earlier than Hedrick projected. In 2022, EVGA announced that it would no longer make partner cards with the advent of the RTX 40-series and that it would exit the GPU market once its stock of RTX 30-series GPUs had run out.

At that time, it was reported that Nvidia GPUs made up 78% of EVGA’s revenue while contributing only a tiny percentage of the company’s overall profit. Other reports also said that while lower-tier products like the RTX 3060 remained profitable, EVGA lost hundreds of dollars for every RTX 3080 and higher GPU model that it sold.

While it’s easy to blame Nvidia's policies for EVGA’s exit from the GPU market, other analyses partially blamed the company for practices like contracting manufacturing to third parties and providing overly generous customer service for its failures. Its focus on North America and Europe also led to the company shipping fewer units compared to its competitors, meaning its fixed costs were further cutting into its already narrow margins. Although EVGA’s customer-centric approach made it one of the most beloved brands in the GPU space, its strategies ultimately left it vulnerable, and we all know how the story ended.

Edit 10/1/2026 2:30am PT: Zotac has made a post saying that upon further investigation, it's 'possible' that the customer was given a fake invoice by a retailer. We reached out to the company for further clarity. A representative said the situation 'appears' to be the result of a fake invoice, but since the purchase date could not be determined, the firm fell back to using the import date as justification for the rejection. It appears that the import date restriction is still in force for any other warranty claims, but we await further clarification from Zotac. Notably, customers have no means to determine the date a retailer imported a product, which could expose them to potential RMA rejections.

Original report:

A Zotac RTX 3060 owner in India has been denied warranty support, even though their card would still seem to be covered. According to Reddit user u/AbhishekG9, they purchased a Zotac GeForce RTX 3060 Twin Edge from KVR Gaming System in Nehru Place, Delhi, on June 27, 2025. Zotac offers three years of standard warranty in India for RTX 30-series and later cards. That can be extended by two years in exchange for registering the product. The customer received an invoice and registered the graphics card with Zotac, for which an automatically generated registration confirmation was received on July 2, 2025.

However, when the customer reached out to Zotac for warranty support for an unspecified reason, the company reportedly told them that the graphics card was already out of warranty. According to an email from Zotac, the card's serial number showed an import date of April 2023. The company explained that warranty coverage can be determined using the original purchase date or the distributor's import date, and that product registration by itself does not establish warranty coverage.

At least in this instance, Zotac asserts that if one of its products is sold more than two years after it was imported, the company cannot provide extended warranty support. Since the graphics card was purchased by the customer in June 2025, the company advised them to approach the original seller for further assistance.

The customer argues that the distributor's original import date is not something an ordinary buyer would necessarily know when making a purchase. They also pointed out that they registered the product within days of purchase and received confirmation from Zotac.

Other users on the Reddit thread suggest that Zotac's policy isn't necessarily unreasonable. By tying the start of the warranty period to the date of import, plus an additional buffer period to allow the product to be sold, the policy would seem to prevent retailers from arbitrarily changing the date of sale in their records to make a product that would otherwise be out of warranty appear to be covered. If this particular card sat in retail inventory for an unusually long time (two years, in this instance), it's possible that initial buffer period was exhausted and that the clock began running down on the actual legal warranty period, regardless of the buyer's date of purchase.

But this could all be explained more clearly. If we take a look at the warranty terms and conditions on Zotac India’s website, it indeed mentions that the duration of warranty starts from the product's original date of purchase or the distributor import/invoice date. However, the policy does not explicitly specify a period in which the purchase date is used before the import date can become relevant, and that opaque reasoning appears to be the issue here.

The RTX 3060 owner told Tom’s Hardware that they plan to visit the shop where the graphics card was purchased and ask it to arrange a replacement. They also plan to record the visit as proof and, if the issue remains unresolved, file a complaint with India’s National Consumer Helpline.

This is not the first time Zotac has faced criticism over hair-splitting a warranty claim. Back in December 2025, an RTX 5070 Ti owner’s RMA was denied after Zotac said it had found an “irreversible” crack in the PCB near the PCIe connector. The company attributed the damage to external mechanical stress and suggested that the customer file a claim with the shipping carrier. Zotac later offered to dispose of the graphics card at its facility if the customer did not want it returned.

Thermal Grizzly and Noctua have teamed up to release a new version of the WireView Pro II GPU monitoring device. By combining Thermal Grizzly’s power monitoring hardware with Noctua’s expertise in low-noise cooling, the WireView Pro II Noctua Edition aims to offer quieter operation by reducing the noise generated by the device’s cooling fan.

According to Roman Hartung, CEO of Thermal Grizzly, the GPU monitoring device has become a popular choice and has helped many users detect potentially dangerous connector issues with the infamous 12V-2x6 connector before they could cause damage. The WireView Pro II measures current independently on each 12V conductor rather than simply monitoring total power consumption. This allows it to identify unusual current distribution and potential contact issues that could contribute to connector damage. The device can also provide visual and audible warnings when configured limits are exceeded, with an optional automatic shutdown function.

"One of the most common points of feedback, however, was that the fan could still be noticeable in very quiet systems, so working with Noctua on a significantly quieter cooling solution was the logical next step - and, for us, really completes the product," added Hartung. For the Noctua Edition, the standard cooling solution has been replaced with a customized design featuring a Noctua NF-A4x10 fan, an optimized fan grille, and an enlarged CNC-machined aluminum housing. The fan uses semi-passive operation, remaining off for longer periods and only spinning when additional cooling is required.

In a worst-case scenario with the case fans turned off and temperatures above 40°C, it could handle up to a 300W GPU load without turning its fan on. When it does need active cooling, its fan runs under 2,000 RPM compared to 5,000 RPM on the standard mode, which cuts down noise from 39.4dB(A) to just 21.5dB(A) at a 10cm distance. This should make it essentially inaudible alongside the other fans in a very quiet PC.

The WireView Pro II Noctua Edition is available in Normal and Reversed variants to accommodate different 12V-2x6 connector and cable-routing configurations, along with an extended two-year warranty covering the GPU connector. While the press note suggests a retail price of $189.90, it is currently selling at $222.18 on Thermal Grizzly’s official online store.

Nvidia officially rolled out DLSS 5 earlier this month, bringing its new Neural Rendering technology to supported games for RTX 50-series GPU owners. While early testing has shown improvements in image quality and rendering, the technology is very resource-intensive, resulting in significant drops in frame rate. That, however, has not stopped modders from experimenting with DLSS 5 and attempting to bring the technology to AMD Radeon GPUs.

A GitHub project called DLSS-NR-on-AMD, designed to run DLSS 5 Neural Rendering on AMD's Radeon RX 9000 and RX 7000 series GPUs, is already seeing a rapid improvement in performance. It uses a ground-up, full reimplementation of the neural network runtime for AMD GPU architectures. As per the developer, the project currently works with DirectX 12 games that use FSR, with Cyberpunk 2077 and GTA V Enhanced among the tested titles.

Testing done by YouTube channel Ancient Gameplays shows Cyberpunk 2077 running at over 80 FPS on a Radeon RX 9070 XT without DLSS 5 Neural Rendering. Enabling the unofficial implementation, however, caused performance to drop around 11-12 FPS. Not only is that unplayable, but it also highlights just how much optimization was still needed to make the technology practical on AMD hardware.

Development has been rather quick, as an Alpha 0.3.3 version was released with a claimed 23% performance improvement, followed shortly by Alpha 0.4.0, which reportedly added another 42% improvement over version 0.3.3. The changes essentially amount to roughly a 74% performance improvement in just 24 hours. The project has also become easier to install thanks to the AMDNR launcher that can automate much of the setup process, meaning that users no longer need to manually copy and replace DLL files for each game. The launcher also supports different runtimes and provides additional options through the OptiScaler interface.

Ancient Gameplays tested the latest Alpha 0.4.0 build in Cyberpunk 2077 at 3440 x 1440 resolution and found the Radeon GPU reaching around 50 FPS. That is a substantial improvement over the roughly 30 FPS achieved with the earlier build, although it remains well below the performance of the game without Neural Rendering enabled.

There is still a long way to go before DLSS 5 on AMD hardware can be considered a practical alternative to native implementation. The project remains in alpha, which means performance and compatibility can vary considerably depending on the game and GPU. That said, the developer has informed Ancient Gameplays that they are working on another major update, which should bring a substantial performance boost on Radeon GPUs.

PlusAI, an autonomous trucking startup, is working with Nvidia to develop its systems and has several trucks and trailers marked with the logos of both companies. This likely caught the attention of thieves who were looking to score big on AI GPUs, with Wired reporting that two of the startup’s trailers got stolen and were found at another location. However, the joke’s on the criminals, as they discovered that the two stolen units contained 20,000 pounds of sand each.

The AI data center construction boom has made PC components like RAM and GPUs insanely expensive, which has led to a rise in petty theft involving these components. Enterprises and startups are being targeted, too, especially as they build data centers and local AI servers with millions of dollars’ worth of equipment and hardware. We’ve already seen cargo heists of copper cable and other hardware worth $1.3 million, while other criminals have become more brazen, pushing or spinning security escorts off the road so they can get away with a truck’s worth of AI GPUs.

While PlusAI is partnered with Nvidia, it also uses simulated cargo loads for real-world tests, allowing the company to model how a fully loaded semi-trailer would react to various road conditions. The startup’s truck cabs, which likely had advanced AI hardware installed, were parked securely inside its warehouse, while the trailers were apparently left outside and secured with hand locks. “PlusAI uses simulated loads in its trailers to assist with research and development testing,” company spokesperson Lauren Kwan told Wired, adding that they were recovered with “40,000 pounds of sand intact.”

Interestingly, the discovery of the theft was accidentally made by one of the startup’s top executives, who received a message from an acquaintance saying that they saw the trailers, which they described as “trucks,” near their workplace. This likely got the executive concerned, as that location was half a mile away from PlusAI’s warehouse, which led to the cops getting called. As for the prospective criminals, they probably left the crime scene disappointed — they thought they were getting a huge payday from two truckloads’ worth of smart silicon, but they ended up with 20 tons of dumb sand instead.

Nvidia has updated its RTX Mega Geometry SDK to 2.0, adding streaming support for “continuous level-of-detail clusters” to handle high-density meshes, according to the developer blog post. Nvidia says it works even for scenes too big for the VRAM budget. The technology is in addition to its RTX Kit, arriving alongside RTX Kit 2026.3. The announcement comes close to the release of Gears of War: E-Day, which makes use of RTX Mega Geometry technology. Nvidia has not explicitly said what version of Mega Geometry the game uses.

Mega Geometry “organizes detailed meshes into clusters so ray-traced scenes can adapt geometric detail efficiently,” according to Nvidia. The SDK appeared at version 0.9.0 beta in 2025 and found its way into Alan Wake 2’s title update 1.2.8 early that same year. Our test on an RTX 4090 found about 1GB of VRAM saved with a performance boost of 13%, at native 4K and with DLSS Quality. On an 8GB graphics card, that 1GB is an eighth of the memory.

The SDK is at version 2.0.0 on GitHub as of this week. The technology makes dense scenes less expensive to ray trace, with 2.0 specifically targeting geometry that doesn’t fit in VRAM. This means that “a scene’s source geometry no longer has to fit in VRAM [with detail] bounded by a memory budget rather than by mesh count,” according to Nvidia’s changelog.

When a scene goes over budget, it settles at lower detail instead of constantly swapping geometry in and out of VRAM. By default, this is based on 2GB of VRAM for streamed geometry, another 2GB for ray-tracing acceleration structures, and 4GB of material textures, but these are adjustable. The existing tessellation path remains.

In the case of Nvidia’s sample Zorah, there are 1.6 billion unique triangles in a 70GB download, with a first load that can require up to 64GB of RAM at peak. Zorah uses 31GB of mesh data, but the courtyard sample view only has 1.5GB of mesh data in VRAM, using an RTX 5090 at 4K with DLSS Quality.

The sample requires an RTX GPU with 10GB of VRAM or more, a Game Ready driver 570 or later, Microsoft’s DXR 1.1 or later, and Windows 10 at a minimum. For now, this looks more like a tool for developers than players. It’s an SDK with a reference sample, and currently no game has been confirmed to use it.

The rest of RTX Kit 2026.3 includes RTX Character Rendering 1.4, RTX Dynamic Illumination 3.1, RTX Neural Texture Compression (NTC) 0.10 beta, RTX Neural Shading 1.4, and RTX Texture Filtering 1.3. NTC has been at v0.10.0 beta on GitHub since Aug. 4, with the DX12 LinAlg path only for testing purposes. The DX12 LinAlg path requires preview driver 620.12, the preview Agility SDK, and Windows Developer Mode. That leaves Vulkan as the only way for released games to use NTC with Tensor Core acceleration today.

An existing problem, Nvidia said in August, is that under ray tracing, Nanite elements “switch to a single, static low-detail mesh” because it’s “prohibitively expensive” to build acceleration structures for them with “existing DXR 1.2 and Vulkan APIs.” It has taken six years of research and development to pioneer the new technology, with the innovations debuting with Gears of War: E-Day on Oct. 6. These will later be part of Microsoft’s DirectX Raytracing 2.0 standard, according to Nvidia.

On Sept. 22, in a Game Ready driver post, Nvidia stated that Mega Geometry enables “accurate ray tracing of Nanite geometry for the very first time.” Nvidia’s Game Ready driver 617.14 for the game is already out. Early access on Oct. 1 is the first chance for players to see Nvidia’s Nanite ray tracing technology in action.

When you buy a product, there is a reasonable expectation of warranty service. When you spend multiple thousands of dollars on a computer graphics card (a product category that has only recently entered the multi-thousand-dollar range), there is a reasonable expectation of exceptional service. What if, instead, you got absolutely no service? According to Redditor /u/Melodic_Initial_1767, that's what he got when he tried to RMA his burned GeForce RTX 5090.

Like so many others, "Melodic" found his graphics card non-functional after melting the 12V-2x6 connectors on both ends of the modular cable that came with his 1600-watt ASRock power supply (the PG-1600G, which we reviewed last year). This happened despite the fact that he says he was using the stock BIOS, no overclocking, and, in fact, a manually reduced power limit. Moreover, the card was supposedly sitting idle when it died, although that doesn't really mean anything. He opened a ticket with PNY and says he was denied the next day with this response:

Well, he wasn't using the included cable or an approved one, but he was using the native cable from his power supply; surely that should be good enough, right? After all, the warranty terms actually don't appear to say a single thing about 12VHPWR or 12V-2x6 cables. According to the Redditor, the only thing the warranty says about power is that the card has to be "installed in accordance with the installation guide provided herewith." Guess what the installation guide says?

If you guessed "locate an unused power connector within your system and plug it into the corresponding connector on your graphics card," congratulations, you will also be denied warranty service from PNY, because apparently you have to intuit which cables are approved by PNY, since, as far as we can see, there's no list of approved cables anywhere on PNY's website, nor in the product documentation for its graphics cards. Besides, the card didn't come with a 16-pin cable, so it's not like he could have used PNY's own cable, and the idea that the firm would prefer him to use an "octopus" adapter over a native cable is shaky at best.

I personally have never had the pleasure of dealing with PNY support, but multiple other Redditors in the thread, which is nearing 1,200 replies at this point, have mentioned a history of difficulty getting support from PNY. When asking the company which clause of their warranty policy they are using to deny his warranty request, /u/Melodic_Initial_1767 was apparently told by a "Senior Technician" that the decision is final and that his ticket had been closed.

A notable point brought up by /u/dusto_man in the thread is that the ASRock power supply used by "Melodic" advertises a "TempGuard" feature that supposedly monitors the temperature at the 12V-2x6 connector on the PSU side for safety, but clearly that either wasn't configured or also failed. ASRock offers a ten-year warranty on that unit; /u/dusto_man mentioned this in a thread where users were advising the original poster to contact ASRock and let that firm go after PNY to avoid covering the failed GPU, which is worth multiple thousands of dollars now.

Indeed, that could be why PNY is attempting to shut down the RMA attempt. The firm may not have any GeForce RTX 5090 cards to send him, and even if it does, the cheapest GeForce RTX 5090 card available to buy new on the market today is $4400 USD, and PNY would likely prefer to sell it at that price instead. While the board vendor is most likely only on the hook (legally) for /u/Melodic_Initial_1767's original purchase price, that could still easily be $2,000 or more. We have now seen these same RMA denial patterns with storage and memory devices from multiple vendors during the shortage, so it wouldn't be an exception. We'll have to wait and see if PNY will stand on unwritten technicalities rather than take a hit to its bottom line.

There is no doubt the GeForce RTX 5090 is one of the best graphics cards and has the full potential to leverage DLSS 5. However, if you plan to hop on the DLSS 5 bandwagon, you may want to keep an eye on your graphics card's temperatures and power consumption. According to tests by Korean outlet QuasarZone, the GeForce RTX 5090 Founders Edition peaked at nearly 650W in power draw, with the highest recorded temperature on the 16-pin (12VHPWR) power connector exceeding 90 degrees Celsius. Notably, that is higher than the standard temperatures measured for the GPU die.

While less frequent, user reports of the 16-pin power connector melting are still popping up if you look around the Internet, particularly on Reddit. Even a couple of media outlets have also encountered power connector meltdowns during their use. So, it is not an issue that affects only new users; 16-pin power connector failures extend to seasoned industry veterans, too. There is no prejudice toward Nvidia's Blackwell-powered graphics cards, either. Similar meltdowns have appeared on AMD Radeon graphics cards. Running DLSS 5 may just be adding fuel to the fire, figuratively.

QuasarZone ran Cyberpunk 2077 in a controlled environment at 27.5 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes. The publication used a 4K (3840x2160) resolution with DLSS Quality and Ultra image settings and monitored the temperature of the 16-pin power connector. The media outlet tested the GeForce RTX 5090 Founders Edition, Asus ROG Astral GeForce RTX 5090, and GeForce RTX 5080 Founders Edition.

Nvidia DLSS 5 Impact On 16-pin Power Connector Temperatures

In the first round of testing using a GeForce RTX 5090 Founders Edition with DLSS 5 disabled, QuasarZone measured 77.1 degrees Celsius on the latch side of the 16-pin power connector and 80.9 degrees Celsius on the opposite side. With DLSS 5 enabled, the temperatures quickly jumped to 83.4 and 91.7 degrees Celsius, respectively.

Before DLSS 5, the average core and peak temperatures for the GeForce RTX 5090 were 79.4 and 82.3 degrees Celsius, respectively. Afterward, they increased to 83 and 86.3 degrees Celsius. As a result, the 16-pin power connector was the hottest spot on the GeForce RTX 5090.

In contrast, the GeForce RTX 5080 Founders Edition ran at significantly lower, more manageable temperatures. Before activating DLSS 5, the temperature on the latch side and opposite the 16-pin power connector registered 45.8 and 47.6 degrees Celsius, respectively. With DLSS 5, the temperatures rose to 52.2 degrees Celsius on the latch side and 48.6 degrees Celsius on the opposite side. The results were not a surprise, since the GeForce RTX 5080 consumes less power than the GeForce RTX 5090.

Nvidia DLSS 5 Impact On Graphics Card Power Consumption

Using HWiNFO to measure average power consumption, the GeForce RTX 5090 showed a 13% increase in power draw with DLSS5 enabled. By contrast, the GeForce RTX 5080 showed a 17% increase in average power consumption under the same conditions. Despite these notable increases, both cards seemingly stayed within their official TDP specifications, with the RTX 5090 rated at 575W and the RTX 5080 at 360W.

HWiNFO uses a software-level API to poll power metrics from the graphics card's telemetry sensors. While it is sufficient for everyday monitoring, nothing is more accurate than measuring power directly from the circuit board. The Nvidia Power Capture Analysis Tool (PCAT) is perfect for that.

QuasarZone found that the GeForce RTX 5090's average and peak power draw increased by 13%, effectively exceeding the graphics card's power limit. The average power consumption readings differed by 3% between HWiNFO and PCAT.

Focusing primarily on the 16-pin power connector, QuasarZone's PCAT measurements showed a 582.7W power draw without DLSS 5 and 646.7W with it on, representing an 11% increase.

While 658W sounds scary, it does not compare to what we have seen on custom GeForce RTX 5090 models. On the GeForce RTX 5090 32G Lightning Z with DLSS 5, we observed the graphics card's power consumption spike to 592W at 1080p, 695W at 1440p, and 848W at 4K.

Using the Asus ROG Astral RTX 5090 as a test subject, QuasarZone recorded the current flowing through each of the six power pins from the 16-pin power connector. Before enabling DLSS 5, the power readings ranged from 6.94A to 7.47A. When activated, the power readings spiked to between 7.83A and 8.51A. While the values remained within PCI-SIG’s requirement of 9.2A per pin, headroom is extremely thin, with just 0.69A between the highest recorded current and the official threshold.

In another simulation, the Korean media outlet explored the consequences of a loose pin or improper connection in the 16-pin power connector. This is the most common scenario that leads to 16-pin power connector meltdowns, due to unbalanced power loading across the connector. With one nonfunctional power pin, the electrical load is redistributed to the remaining pins.

With DLSS 5 off, the highest current registered on a single pin reached 8.9A. This value remains uncomfortably close to PCI-SIG's standard. However, turning on DLSS 5 pushed the power pins to 10.1A, 10% above the specification. The simple test highlights just how easily and quickly things can go wrong.

QuasarZone's alarming test results may look like fuel for fearmongering. However, the publication's tests align closely with our findings that DLSS 5 substantially increases power consumption. At least one user has allegedly reported a 16-pin power connector meltdown while experimenting with DLSS 5.

A 3D artist looking to purchase an RTX 5090 for their work claimed that they scored an unopened Asus ROG Astral RTX 5090 White OC from the secondhand market. According to Wccftech, the artist purchased the GPU expecting that it was signed by an Asus executive in celebration of the company’s 30th anniversary. But when they opened the package, they found the Nvidia chief’s signature on it instead.

Jensen Huang autographed the GPU and showed it off on camera last year, after which it was supposed to be given away by one lucky gamer. The artist did not mention how much they bought the “used” GPU for, but brand-new models of the RTX 5090 now hit $5,000 and can go up even higher, depending on the model. They also said that after opening the box, they did not use or test it, opting to sell it instead because of the immense value that such a limited-edition graphics card held for the right buyer.

This specific GPU is now in the hands of the Bonhams auction house, with bidding set for Oct. 4 to 14, 2026. It’s estimated that the graphics card will fetch somewhere between $10,000 and $15,000, especially as it bears the signature of Nvidia’s founder. However, it should be noted that an Asus ROG Matrix RTX 4090 sold for $16,000 back in 2023, while an Asus ROG Astral RTX 5090 Dhabab OC Edition was auctioned off last year for $24,200. Both GPUs were also autographed by Jensen, so there’s a good chance that this graphics card could fetch a much higher price.

Another Jensen Huang-related object was put on the auction block earlier this year and hit a record price. The leather Tom Ford jacket that the CEO wore at the Hon Hai (Foxconn) Tech Day in Taipei way back in October 2023 went up on Sotheby’s, where it was estimated that it would fetch somewhere between $40,000 and $60,000. However, the final price ended up at $960,000 — more than a hundred times higher than the jacket’s $9,000 price tag from the manufacturer.

Even though Jensen Huang isn’t a celebrity in the traditional sense, his approachable public persona and success story have made him quite popular among his fans. This “Jensanity” is prevalent in Taiwan, where he was originally from, and many see him as the bearer of Taiwanese pride and treat him like a pop star. It seems that this translates to his rich fans, too, with a few who are willing to spend thousands of dollars just to get their hands on autographed “artifacts” from the billionaire.

External GPUs (eGPU) have been tried time and again, and while they have found their niche among laptop users, they're not commonplace. Now that the AI craze is in full swing, more people are looking into owning a graphics card of some sort for the single purpose of running LLMs locally. The WiCi One is designed with that specific scenario in mind, but adds wireless connectivity, multi-device support, and onboard storage.

That list of words usually doesn't belong in the same sentence as GPUs, so it merits close inspection. First and foremost, the WiCi One leverages the WiFi 7 protocol to transmit data to and from the card. The firm says that client machines keep a GPU driver that makes the operating system think it's a graphics card just like any other, while in reality they'll be talking to the WiCi One over the network.

However, as WiCi explains in great detail, just blindly doing that would make for a terrible eGPU, as the standard communication between host and card is extremely chatty. That's not a problem with the sub-microsecond latency of PCIe 5.0, but would quickly turn even basic status querying operations into multi-second affairs. Large computations with lots of data shuffled back and forth could hypothetically take hours.

The company claims its driver software performs a great deal of data caching, deduplication, and compression, and is also very judicious about what type of hardware requests can be handled locally versus those that really do need to go over the airwaves.

This mode of operation and its corresponding separation of concerns bring several advantages: theoretically, the one GPU could be used on multiple machines. There are Python libraries for passing the WiCi One as any other GPU to LLMs, and also a standard HTTP API for network access, once again lending credence to the fact that multiple clients could use the WiCi One without any special configuration.

Running LLMs means shuffling a substantial amount of data back-and-forth, and contemporary models with a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture can run locally using an SSD as a fallback. WiCi took a clever approach and incorporated a 4 TB PCIe 5.0 SSD directly into the enclosure, in a bid to store model weights to both enable larger models and indirectly save on cross-network transfers.

WiCi also mentions that the card can also run games without modification, but doesn't elaborate on what kind of performance is expected. The documentation only ever mentions Vulkan and Direct3D, and hedges the fact that "[not] every API must be complete on day one." WiFi makes for a poor technology to underpin a real-time endeavor like pushing millions of polygons and textures in, and the resulting images out, in just 16.67ms for 60 FPS, so we'll venture that gamers will be best served with conventional eGPUs.

The base spec comes with an RTX 5060 Ti 16 GB graphics card, and is slated for a 2026 Q4 preview, with no release date set in stone. WiCi plans to offer a variant with an RTX 5090 and its 32 GB of VRAM, albeit there's no word on when that will arrive, much less at which price — especially considering those cards alone are currently going for well over 7 grand, and have been spotted selling for far more.

The asking price for all this is $1,999 for early signups, and $2,599 otherwise, for the base spec. Those figures might sound steep, but they're actually fairly reasonable if the WiCi packaging and software stack deliver. A quick skim of Newegg puts an RTX 5060 Ti 16 GB graphics card at $800 or more, while an NVMe 4 TB PCIe 5.0 SSD is a little pricier at $850. Once you factor in a hypothetical $100 for a power supply and another $100 for the case, Wi-Fi card, and assorted bits and bobs, you're at $1,850 already.

Despite strong launch sales, the Lisuan Tech LX 7G100 was clearly more of a domestic win for China than a contender against the best graphics cards on the market. Recent benchmark results published by German outlet PC Games Hardware (PCGH) show that the Chinese-made LX 7G100 still has a long way to go, offering only comparable performance to the nine-year-old Radeon RX 580 — but trailing by as much as 35% behind the seven-year-old GeForce RTX 2060.

Originally touted as a competitor to the GeForce RTX 4060, the LX 7G100 hit the market with high expectations. Initial benchmarks, however, quickly dispelled much of the early hype. Now, four months after its launch and following several driver updates, we once again see the LX 7G100 in the spotlight, but despite ongoing driver refinements, the graphics card's performance looks like it has flatlined.

The LX 7G100’s current performance closely matches AMD’s Radeon RX 580 and delivers a modest 5% boost over the Polaris-based card. It also outpaces Nvidia’s GeForce GTX 1060 6GB by a notable 23%. In its current state, the LX 7G100 does not have what it takes to challenge more modern models in the upper echelon of the mid-range graphics card market.

The LX 7G100 lags by more than 2.2X behind current models, such as the GeForce RTX 4060 or GeForce RX 5050. When benchmarked against the latest GeForce RTX 5060, the LX 7G100 delivers only about a third of the performance. An obvious technological gap remains between Lisuan Tech and industry giants such as Nvidia, AMD, and even Intel, and it still has a lot of catching up to do.

Lisuan Tech LX 7G100 Benchmarks

In its defense, the LX 7G100 has already cleared one of the biggest hurdles that typically hinder Chinese chipmakers: driver support. Many graphics cards from emerging Chinese manufacturers have historically suffered from poor compatibility and software support. Lisuan Tech not only became the first Chinese chipmaker to obtain WHQL support for a graphics card, but the LX 7G100 launched with stable DirectX 12 gaming compatibility from the get-go. This alone has enabled the LX 7G100 to run a wide variety of modern games, including Cyberpunk 2077, Clair Obscur: Expedition 33, Assassin’s Creed Shadows, and Battlefield 6, to name a few.

Lisuan Tech is clearly committing to improving its drivers. In the past four months alone, the Chinese chipmaker has rolled out three WHQL-certified driver updates. Drivers take time to mature, and given that the LX 7G100 has not even been on the market for a year, it is unreasonable to expect Lisuan Tech to match decades of expertise like Nvidia and AMD.

From a hardware standpoint, the LX 7G100, which leverages TSMC’s N6 FinFET process node, is not a bad graphics card. The silicon houses 6,144 shading units and clocks up to 2,000 MHz to deliver a peak FP32 performance of 24.5 TFLOPs. The LX 7G100's 12GB of GDDR6 memory runs across a 192-bit memory interface to provide a maximum bandwidth of up to 432 GB/s. On paper, these metrics place the LX 7G100 close to the GeForce RTX 3060 12GB or Radeon RX 6700 XT. Currently, the GeForce RTX 3060 12GB is twice as fast as the LX 7G100.

A 2X performance gap is certainly not something that's easy to close. Who knows just how much is left in the tank for the LX 7G100. Maybe Lisuan Tech has already pushed the hardware to its limits, or maybe some driver magic will put the LX 7G100 a few steps closer to the GeForce RTX 3060 12GB. Only time will tell, and it will be interesting to revisit the LX 7G100 in a few months' time.

Nvidia Founders Edition GPUs are often harder to come by compared to cards from AIB partners, and they’re typically sold on specific retail channels only. However, it seems that CyberPowerPC got its hands on these graphics cards, and you can now get them inside pre-built gaming PCs sold by the company on Walmart. These PCs are also on sale as part of the Nvidia GeForce Week from September 21 through 27 on the retail platform. Aside from coming with these coveted GPUs from Nvidia, these pre-built gaming PCs are also on a huge discount, giving gamers savings of $580 to over $1,300. Unfortunately, these units are only available in limited quantities, so we’re unsure how long stock will last.

• Get the CyberPowerPC RTX 5070 FE + Intel Core i7-14700KF pre-built gaming PC on Walmart.
• Get the CyberPowerPC RTX 5070 FE + AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D pre-built gaming PC on Walmart.
• Get the CyberPowerPC RTX 5080 FE + AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D pre-built gaming PC on Walmart.
• Get the CyberPowerPC RTX 5080 FE + Intel Core Ultra 9 285K pre-built gaming PC on Walmart.
• Get the CyberPowerPC RTX 5090 FE + AMD Ryzen 7 9850X3D pre-built gaming PC on Walmart.

Nvidia has recently sold Founders Edition GPUs in a pop-up retail store at QuakeCon 2026 while also having them available at the PAX West gaming convention in Seattle, Washington, earlier this month. The company calls these retail pop-up stores “Verified Priority Access IRL,” meaning only real people can buy the cards, which are sold at MSRP. The VPA program started with the launch of the RTX 4090 FE, but the company brought it back with the arrival of the RTX 5090 and RTX 5080 to help prevent scalping.

The aggressive discounts on these pre-builts suggest that CyberPowerPC acquired these Founders Edition GPUs at MSRP. The RTX 5070 FE PC with an Intel i7-14700KF, which had an SRP of $2,139.99, now only costs $1,549.00, offering savings of $590.99, while the AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D version is priced at $1,599.00 — a $580.99 discount from its $2,179.99 regular price.

The RTX 5080 FE pre-builts offer bigger savings: the AMD Ryzen 7 version is now only $2,299.00, saving you $680.99 from its $2,979.99 SRP, while the Intel Core Ultra 9 option has its prices to $2,399.00 from $3,149.99 through its $750.99 discount. Finally, the RTX 5090 FE pre-built gaming PC has a regular price of $5,649.99 but is on sale at just $4,299.00, giving you $1,350.99 in savings.

These prices will let you get your hands on some of the best gaming GPUs on the market right now without breaking your wallet. According to the Tom’s Hardware GPU Price Tracker, the cheapest RTX 5090 is the Asus TUF Gaming RTX 5090, and it’s already priced higher on Amazon at $6,699.00, making this entire pre-built cheaper than that standalone GPU. While the RTX 5080 and RTX 5070 GPUs in the list are cheaper than these CyberPowerPC units, you’re still getting a complete system with a modern processor and a PSU, plus RAM and an SSD, which are some of the most expensive components you can find today. You also don’t have to worry about other specifications — even though the listing does not mention the brands and models of the other components included in the gaming PCs, they’re still decently specced with 32GB of DDR5 RAM and a 1TB PCIe 4.0 NVMe SSD (2TB for the RTX 5090 version). You’ll have to act quickly, though, as they seem to be selling out fast.

AMD has started to add support for GDDR7 memory and several new graphics IP blocks to its open-source Linux kernel driver, which indicates that software enablement for the company's next-generation standalone GPUs is underway, reports Phoronix. While AMD does not identify the upcoming architecture, the changes are likely tied to its RDNA 5 project — but they don't necessarily herald an imminent launch.

AMD's existing Radeon RX 9000-series graphics processors based on the RDNA 4 architecture use GDDR6 memory, so the addition of GDDR7 identification to drivers is arguably the most explicit confirmation that AMD is setting the stage for its next-generation discrete Radeon graphics processors based on the RDNA 5 architecture.

AMD also submitted patches that enable IH 8.0, a new version of its Interrupt Handler IP block, as well as NBIF 7.10, the latest revision of the company's New Bus Interface. Several smaller patches make additional preparations for the new hardware. These changes follow earlier Linux driver work involving Display Core Next 6 (DCN6) as well as GFX 13.0.x, suggesting that AMD is gradually upstreaming support for multiple components of an upcoming GPU architecture. Yet, while enablement of IH8, NBIF 7.10, DCN6, and GFX 13.0.x clearly point to new graphics hardware, it does not necessarily point to new discrete GPUs, unlike the mention of GDDR7.

As revealed in August, 2025, Laks Pappu, Senior Fellow at AMD, is the lead architect for AMD's next generation datacenter GPU and discrete graphics platforms. Pappu was building next-generation "competitive 2.5D/3.5D chiplet-based and monolithic graphics SoCs on various packaging technologies," according to his LinkedIn profile before it was edited to remove those disclosures.

Essentially, Pappu's profile indicated that AMD's next-generation GPU architecture could support multiple physical implementations — including multi-chiplet and monolithic — depending on performance, cost, market requirements, and AMD's willingness to compete in certain market segments

AMD has already used a multi-chiplet design with its Navi 31 GPU, an implementation that kept graphics processing hardware on a large Graphics Compute Die (GCD), but disaggregated memory interfaces and caches into smaller Memory Cache Dies (MCDs). A more ambitious implementation could potentially distribute graphics processing resources between multiple dies, although Pappu's profile did not disclose how AMD intended to partition its future GPUs.

Such an approach would be considerably more complicated than separating memory and cache functionality. Multiple compute dies would require high-bandwidth, low-latency connections as well as mechanisms for synchronization and coherency, while software would ideally continue to see the set of chiplets as a single graphics processor.

Based on conventional GPU development cycles of roughly 2.5 to 3.5 years, RDNA 5 could already have been approaching tape-out or early post-tape-out stages when the information surfaced in August 2025, which means that the company is already likely to be testing the new GPUs internally.

Officially, AMD hasn't disclosed any details about its RDNA 5 architecture nor launch schedule, so take these developments with a grain of salt. For now, all we know for sure is that AMD is working on standalone RDNA 5-based GPUs, and they're likely to use GDDR7 in at least some configurations, assuming the AI-driven memory crunch doesn't choke supply of those chips even further for consumer applications.

AX Gaming has revealed its latest seasonal anime-themed limited-edition graphics card, which, this time, is designed to please your nose as much as your eyes. The Inno3D subsidiary has released similarly styled GPUs before, but new for Autumn / Fall is the “innovative e-sports aromatherapy” component in its GeForce RTX 5070 12G Autumn Limited Edition (machine translation).

Smellivision is included as part of this limited edition. The graphics card maker says this product delivers a form of aromatherapy. You will be able to smell the “autumn-like” aroma even from a cold start, it says. There is no information about aroma oil refills. It would be good to see the fragrance module to see how this subsystem works.

The anime character you see in the main picture, and who stars on the metal backplate, is called ‘Snow Li.’ She sits with the GeForce RTX logo to one side, with an Autumn / Starry Moon motif beneath it. To the right is an ornate venting pattern for the third fan to push air through the cooling fins.

AX Gaming’s substantial triple-fan card features a white-purple gradient wrapping around. “The fan blades are printed with exclusive logos such as Osmanthus, AX, and Star and Moon, making it lively and exquisite,” the maker romanticizes. “The edges of the chassis are decorated with colorful maple leaves and tiny star patterns, like starlight falling on a maple forest on an autumn night.” We also note this isn’t just a vinyl wrap. AX Gaming highlights that the design mixes “UV printing and multi-surface engraving techniques.” Even the fan blades have some logos.

This seasonal graphics card release has ARGB maple leaf lighting, and its “flower-shaped ventilation holes are inlaid with LEDs and support synchronized lighting effects.” Also, perhaps difficult to believe, AX Gaming says that the light and shadows thrown by the powered-up graphics card “creating a full-on autumn night starry night atmosphere.”

Beyond the visuals and fragrance, this is an ordinary but decent-sounding RTX 5070. You’ll still get your 6,144 CUDA cores, 12GB of GDDR7, and agreeable AAA gaming performance with access to GeForce features. Some non-cosmetic design choices that are welcome include the dual-layer metal magnetic backplate, five 8mm ultra-thick composite heat pipes, and the hidden power cabling.

In its press release, AX Gaming says the "Autumn Stars and Moon, Maple Leaves in Full Bloom" themed card is a strictly limited (quantity/time) release. That’s bound to make it even more expensive than a regular RTX 5070, if you can order/reserve one.

The developers of the open-source PlayStation 3 emulator RPCS3 are celebrating finding a workaround for an Nvidia driver bug. The social media celebration stems from their testing showing that some PC configurations with Nvidia GPUs can enjoy up to 37% faster gaming performance. That’s more than a small wrinkle that’s been ironed out.

We don’t know the exact nature of the Nvidia driver bug here, but the RPCS3 devs say that it bottlenecks the performance of their PS3 emulator. The first example cited provides two PC configurations running Red Dead Redemption in a scene featuring a paddle steamer. This is a popular ‘benchmarking’ scene focused on the Blackwater docks in the game, featuring relatively consistent camera paths and water effects.

Those are very gratifying performance uplifts resulting from a driver bug workaround. Plenty of readers are probably more interested if the purported bug might also be bottlenecking native PC gaming performance. If it were, that would be a hugely significant find/workaround from the RPCS3 team, specifically ‘Yahfz.’ Please note that “AMD GPU drivers do not have this bug, thus seeing no change,” say the emulator developers.

Gran Turismo 5 ran 37% faster, used far less VRAM

Follow-up social media postings underline that RDR isn’t an outlier, and “most games are impacted” by the bottleneck in the Nvidia driver. Great frame rate improvements can also be seen when using lower-end GPUs, too. The open sourcerers tested Gran Turismo 5 and saw frame rates climb by an incredible 37%, while VRAM usage dropped from 7.1 to 4.8GB. Meanwhile, playing Saints Row IV on a more mainstream GTX 1060 saw a 20% improvement in performance.

Sadly, RPCS3 dev reach-outs to Nvidia are falling on deaf ears. Another follow-up tweet states that “We tried using the developer forums in the past to no avail and gave up.” It then asks @Nvidia to establish a direct communication channel to receive driver bug reports. Nvidia Software QA boss Manuel Guzman has now replied directly, so we will see what happens in due course.

Hardware leaker Kopite7Kimi, who has an exceptional track record, posted on X that Nvidia's RTX 60 series GPUs, based on the Rubin architecture, might not be released until at least 2028. The leaker previously believed that we might see a new generation of graphics cards in late 2027, but now says: "Unfortunately, GR20x is a product from 2028. That means they have postponed again." We reached out to Nvidia regarding the post, and a company spokesperson stated that they "don't comment on rumors or unannounced products."

While Nvidia issued its standard boilerplate response, Kopite7Kimi has a historically near-spotless record when it comes to speaking about Nvidia hardware leaks, and it seems that this time, consumers may have to wait a little longer. Both the Ada Lovelace and Blackwell architectures in RTX 40 and RTX 50 series GPUs share the same TSMC 4N process node, so if the leaker's words are to be believed, it will take Nvidia a total of six years to move its consumer GPUs to the more advanced TSMC 3N or 3NP node that its Rubin accelerators currently utilize.

Now, the potential reasons behind the delay could be twofold: The first is the numerous reports we've heard about a potential RTX 50 Super series Blackwell refresh being sidelined, despite reportedly being ready. The claimed reason behind the delay or potential cancellation of the rumored RTX 50 Super series is the use of denser 3GB GDDR7 VRAM chips, which just so happen to have appeared in Nvidia's recently released RTX Pro 5500 and share many similarities with the RTX 5090.

So, it's quite possible that the delays in delivering a GeForce product based on the Rubin architecture, which has already begun shipping as "the fastest ramp in company history," is down to careful allocation of resources on Nvidia's part, as the company expects to make $20 billion from Vera Rubin in Q3 2027.

Secondly, Nvidia can only acquire so many resources to supply its products, which demand vast amounts of memory, and has also locked in a certain amount of wafer supply from TSMC. So, it's highly probable that Nvidia is focusing on enterprise and workstation products ahead of a consumer launch, especially as component costs remain eye-wateringly high. Nvidia's highly profitable data center arm is currently experiencing soaring demand from the ongoing AI buildout, meaning there's less onus to deliver a potentially less profitable consumer GPU, while there's still cash to be made from hyperscalers.

It's not unusual to see enterprise products use more advanced nodes before arriving in consumer products, but this time around, at least according to Kopite7Kimi, the Blackwell product cycle is poised to be unusually long. This is particularly bad news for consumers, as the RTX 5090 is experiencing a pricing squeeze, which is seeing costs soaring all the way above $9,000 — if you're lucky enough to find one listed online.

For now, your best bet is to just hold on to the GPU you currently have until the storm blows over and a new generation of graphics cards is released, unless you're willing to pay the dizzyingly high costs that the market demands right now.

Nvidia’s Turing GPUs became available to enthusiasts for the first time on this day eight years ago. This wasn’t just another accelerated GPU generation, though, at least according to Nvidia. The GeForce 20 series pioneered a “20 years in the making” ability to deliver hybrid graphics enhanced by real-time ray tracing. Nvidia made this new technology available at the high-end first, via the GeForce RTX 2080 and RTX 2080 Ti (review links). The more mainstream RTX 2070 wouldn’t become available until October.

In a blog post a month ahead of the release day, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang didn't hold back in heralding the arrival of Turning for PC gaming graphics. “Turing opens up a new golden age of gaming, with realism only possible with ray tracing, which most people thought was still a decade away.” He went on to claim that “Once you see an RTX game, you can’t go back.”

Despite Huang’s boasts we can look back and confidently say that many gamers still don’t care about ray tracing. Nor do they wish to endure the performance impact even the latest generation mainstream graphics cards from Nvidia (and AMD, and Intel) still suffer from when this feature is turned on. Moreover, at the time of launch back in 2018, and for quite a few months onwards, there was little in the way of content that made the new RTX 20 series' distinguishing feature seem worthwhile. Early in-game showcases that garnered a lot of pixel peeping and chin rubbing included Battlefield V, Metro Exodus, and Shadow of the Tomb Raider.

Our review of the RTX 2080 Founders Edition noted that this new second-fastest Turing architecture card managed to outpace the legendary GTX 1080 Ti. However, we grumbled about it being $100 more expensive than the former flagship. During this era, Nvidia Founders Editions were actually more expensive than the base models from AIBs. Thus the RTX 2080 FE had an MSRP of $799, but you might have been able to pick up an Asus, Colorful, EVGA, Gainward, Galaxy, Gigabyte, Inno3D, MSI, Palit, PNY, or Zotac for $699.

Our review of the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti flagship was more positive, despite the conclusion that the “$1200 price tag is out of reach for most gamers.” The 71% uplift in price wasn’t really worth it for the ~26% faster performance vs the GTX 1080 Ti. It was also about 20% faster in gaming than the pro Titan V, though.

Our review of the RTX 2080 Ti was 14 pages long, but here’s a direct link to some gaming benchmarks featuring the likes of Tom Clancy’s Ghost Recon, The Witcher 3, and World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth. During gaming, this new consumer flagship would typically consume about 280W.

Eight years later, we can say that realtime ray tracing has indeed proved popular. Even consoles and mobile games now use and boast of this visual tech, and probably couldn’t ignore it without getting sidelined. But adoption has been slow, and it has taken yet more layers of technology, such as DLSS for the green team, to make ray tracing at all accessible for budget / mainstream gamers, even in 2026.

Do you still rock a Turing GPU in 2026? If you do, or are just curious about how well an 8-year-old card would do in 2026, I'm sorry to say that Turing has slipped off the end of our famous graphics card hierarchy. However, the following generation RTX 3070 at $499 offered very similar performance to the prior-gen $1,199 flagship. Those were the days (except that the cryptomining craze happened).

A modder by the name of MAAN has reportedly gotten Nvidia DLSS 5 working in a browser window with an interactive demo, according to a report by VideoCardz. The developer said the technique also works on macOS. The demo is hosted on Cloudflare Workers with some default scenes, starting with "Cowboy Gramps," with a variety of adjustable settings and a comparison view.

DLSS 5 is Nvidia's neural rendering feature used to improve graphical quality using AI. Nvidia launched it earlier this month for NBA 2K27, the first game with official support for the technology. DLSS 5 is officially RTX 50-series only, aside from GeForce NOW. The DLSS 5 DLL file has since been pushed onto RTX 40- and RTX 30-series, and even AMD hardware. There is also a mod to unlock it for RTX 20-series hardware.

According to MAAN, the demo uses model weights extracted from a leaked DLSS 5 library file. They did not know whether this file differs from the official one. Normally, Nvidia offers DLSS through its NGX interface or the Streamline SDK on DirectX and Vulkan. The documentation does not list WebGL or WebGPU, the outlet noted. MAAN plans to publish the source code on GitHub this weekend.

In our quick test of the demo on an RTX 40-series desktop, the 3D viewer was smooth to rotate, but each DLSS 5 render took a second or two and was notably slow in live mode.

MAAN said that the demo is DLSS 5's neural network reimplemented using WebGPU compute shaders. The weights are around 147MB, with a JavaScript runtime of around 1MB compressed. WebGPU has no trouble running on macOS, so the only surprise here is the DLSS part. Normally this needs an RTX GPU and Nvidia's driver, but a WebGPU implementation would not inherently require Nvidia hardware.

The outlet suggested the approach could suit architecture, 3D model previews, and other work where real-time speed matters less. MAAN's X post said users "can try it with your own models" and the demo's page accepts common 3D formats by file or drag-and-drop. Due to the technology's current restrictions, a browser demo is a way for more people to see the effect on a model without owning the game or appropriate hardware. Nvidia has said official RTX 40-series support is coming.

Nvidia's fastest gaming graphics card, the RTX 5090, has been on a tear of price increases over the past several weeks. However, over the past week, the available inventory has dwindled. Now, you can only find the RTX 5090 from third-party sellers at online retailers like Newegg and Amazon, commanding anywhere from $6,500 to $9,500 (or even higher) for Team Green's best GPU.

At Newegg, the cheapest RTX 5090 is the MSI Ventus 3X that's available from Slava Computers (a relatively new seller with 239 ratings and a 2.8 out of 5 rating at the time of writing) for $6,449. On Amazon, you can get the Asus TUF Gaming OC for $6,395 from Joes Tech Shop, a seller with an 81% positive rating. However, among the most recent reviews are a string of one-star reviews about orders never being fulfilled. The cost goes much higher, as well. The first result for "RTX 5090" on Newegg, for example, surfaces the MSI Ventus 3X OC for $8,699.

In June, the median price for an RTX 5090 was $4,299. At the beginning of September, we logged the lowest online price at $5,199 in our GPU price tracker. Now, in less than two weeks, the available stock has completely disappeared online, and the options available from third-party sellers have ballooned in price once again.

Naturally, we don't recommend buying from one of these third-party sellers. The RTX 5090 is selling at a vastly inflated price, but more importantly, we've seen no shortage of scams around high-ticket items like the RTX 5090. In January, 42 Amazon customers were duped into a scam involving a $999 RTX 5090, instead receiving a fanny pack in place of the GPU. Earlier this month, an online seller scammed two buyers with the RTX 5090, selling phantom graphics cards with the core and memory removed on the secondhand market for prices near MSRP.

The one exception to RTX 5090 inventory is Micro Center, which still has cards available around the average selling price. At a local Micro Center we checked, the cheapest in-stock option was $4,299. Micro Center has exclusively sold graphics cards in-person for several years, insulating it from online buyouts like what appears to be going on right now.

As usual, the reason why there's so much demand for the RTX 5090 is fairly obvious: AI. The RTX 5090 holds the GB202 GPU and 32GB of GDDR7 memory. For context, Nvidia's RTX Pro 5000 48GB comes with the same GPU with a third fewer shader units enabled, and lower memory bandwidth compared to the RTX 5090, and sells for between $7,000 and $9,000. In that context, the RTX 5090 starts to look attractive for building an AI server, even at $5,000 (or more) apiece.

At the same time, the RTX 5090 remains the fastest gaming graphics card on the market according to the testing in our GPU benchmark hierarchy. That's even more true now with Nvidia's launch of DLSS 5 Neural Rendering, which the RTX 5090 can fully capitalize on (though, thankfully, we've found playable performance on lower-end cards in our extensive DLSS 5 testing).

We've reached out to Nvidia for comment on whether it has any plans to stabilize inventory. We'll update this story when we hear back.

The GeForce RTX 5090 is undeniably one of the best graphics cards money can buy. Banking on the fact that many already use it for AI, Nvidia has bolstered it with even more memory and launched it as the new RTX 5500 Pro Blackwell Workstation Edition. It offers comparable specifications to the GeForce RTX 5090 but distinguishes itself with 84GB of GDDR7 memory, 2.6X more than the Blackwell gaming flagship.

The RTX Pro 5500 features the GB202 silicon, the powerhouse die that powers other high-end mainstream and professional Blackwell graphics cards, including the GeForce RTX 5090, RTX Pro 6000, and RTX Pro 5000. In fact, the RTX Pro 5500 uses the same die as the GeForce RTX 5090, which means 170 Streaming Multiprocessors (SMs) are enabled out of a possible 192. As a result, the RTX Pro 5500 has 21,760 CUDA cores and offers performance comparable to the GeForce RTX 5090. The differentiator is the memory subsystem, where the RTX Pro 5500 excels.

Nvidia equipped the RTX Pro 5500 with 84GB of GDDR7 memory. This is the second time Nvidia has launched a graphics card with 84GB of memory, with the first being the China-exclusive RTX Pro 6000D. The RTX Pro 5500's memory capacity lets the Blackwell graphics card sit comfortably between the RTX Pro 5000 and the upgraded RTX Pro 6000, with 72GB and 96GB of GDDR7 memory, respectively.

Nvidia RTX Pro 5500 Workstation Edition Specifications

Nvidia achieved the 84GB memory capacity by outfitting the RTX Pro 5500 with 28 GDDR7 memory chips in a clamshell configuration. Each side of the PCB houses 14 24Gb (3GB) GDDR7 memory modules. They run at 25 Gb/s across a 448-bit memory interface, delivering up to 1,400 GB/s of bandwidth, which aligns with Nvidia’s official specification of 1,398 GB/s. In other words, the RTX Pro 5500 shares the same memory subsystem as the RTX Pro 6000D.

Samsung, Micron, and SK hynix only produce standard 28 Gb/s memory packages. Therefore, Nvidia downclocks the RTX Pro 5500's GDDR7 chips for its own reasons, whether to meet thermal and power targets or avoid cannibalizing higher-tier SKUs. From a memory-bandwidth perspective, the RTX Pro 5500 is not particularly impressive. Its bandwidth is only 4% ahead of the RTX Pro 5000, and it lags 22% behind both the flagship RTX Pro 6000 and the GeForce RTX 5090, which fully leverage 28 Gb/s GDDR7 memory chips.

To sum it all up, if RTX Pro 6000D and GeForce RTX 5090 had a child, it would be the RTX Pro 5500. Nvidia's main motivation was to launch the RTX Pro 5500 to fill the large performance and pricing gap between the RTX Pro 6000 and RTX Pro 5000. Also, the chipmaker makes substantially more profit by putting recycled GB202 into an RTX Pro 5500 than into a GeForce RTX 5090. By giving the former more memory with similar core specifications as the latter, Nvidia seemingly hopes to win more customers over to the RTX Pro 5500.

We reached out to both Nvidia and PNY for official pricing on the RTX Pro 5500, but neither company has responded. For reference, the flagship RTX Pro 6000 retails for $15,599, while an RTX Pro 5000 72GB starts at $9,209. Given the RTX Pro 5500's role as a bridge between the two models, it is reasonable to expect its launch price to fall somewhere within this range.

With the latest ROCm updates, AMD finally brought robust, official PyTorch and HIP SDK support to Windows for consumer GPUs, fully supporting the Radeon RX 7000 and the RX 9000 series. For native, supported frameworks, AMD on Windows is finally a viable reality, but what happens when you want to run a proprietary application, an older repository, or a specialized AI tool that absolutely refuses to support anything but NVIDIA's CUDA? That's where a new project, Speedstu's "CUDA-for-AMD-Windows," could save the day. It proves that running rigidly CUDA-exclusive workloads on AMD hardware in Windows is possible without virtualization or dual-booting.

To be clear, this project is not a brand-new runtime. Instead, it is a highly automated and reproducible PowerShell setup that bridges the gap between ZLUDA, the well-known, formerly AMD-funded translation layer, and AMD's native HIP/ROCm SDK for Windows. Through a series of clever scripts, the toolkit automatically detects the user's GPU architecture, grabs a specifically pinned version of ZLUDA (v6-preview.69), and, at least in theory, seamlessly maps it to the ROCm math libraries already present in Windows.

The result is that the developer successfully intercepted and mapped the CUDA driver API as well as the cuBLAS, cuSPARSE, and cuFFT libraries directly over to their AMD equivalents. As a proof-of-concept, the author even trained a 2.2-million-parameter PPO reinforcement-learning network end-to-end using unmodified CUDA libraries on an AMD Radeon RX 9060 XT, which happens to be the only officially supported GPU at this time.

Even with AMD's official ROCm support on Windows, the local developer community frequently runs into dependency hell when trying out experimental GitHub repos or specialized AI tools that hardcode CUDA as a requirement. For developers who want to experiment with these CUDA-only tools natively on their Windows daily driver machines without dealing with WSL2 passthrough issues or waiting for the original author to write a HIP port, this project offers a highly desirable translation pipeline. It acts as a sort of hacky adapter for software that stubbornly demands an NVIDIA card.

Benchmark testing included in the project's documentation offers some interesting findings. In a controlled A/B test running a 2.2M-parameter reinforcement learning workload on a Radeon RX 9060 XT, the "public upstream path," which relies purely on official ZLUDA releases and AMD's stock HIP SDK 6.4, achieved a median throughput of 13,278 steps per second (SPS). By contrast, an optional "recovered custom overlay" apparently built from salvaged legacy ZLUDA binaries ran slightly worse at 12,876 SPS, making it roughly 3% slower. While the clean official setup is faster, the author notes that "a later rewrite removed LibTorch/ZLUDA from PPO and achieved substantially higher throughput," indicating that there is still a performance hit for this stack of translators.

Now, before anyone declares the CUDA moat officially drained, it is crucial to set realistic expectations. First, this is a solo open-source project, not an enterprise-grade solution. The author is extremely transparent about its narrow scope, as crucial machine learning libraries like cuDNN, TensorRT, and NCCL do not resolve yet. This means compatibility is strictly workload-dependent; if your specific AI tool relies heavily on cuDNN, this setup will fail. Furthermore, it's worth pointing out that ZLUDA itself is currently being maintained as a "weekend hobby project" after losing its commercial backing a second time. Relying on this pipeline for production-level work remains a massive risk. This repository is a tinkerer's tool, not a corporate IT deployment strategy.

Despite these limitations, "CUDA-for-AMD-Windows" is pretty exciting, as it proves that the barrier to entry for running CUDA-exclusive software on AMD GPUs isn't an insurmountable hardware flaw, but a relatively tractable translation tooling problem. Because the project is entirely open-source, its potential extends far beyond this initial proof-of-concept. With community contributions, we could see expanded hardware detection and clever patches to get more stubborn CUDA libraries resolving properly.

If you believe that the 8-pin PCIe power connector is entirely immune to the problems that have plagued the newer 16-pin connector, think again. A recent incident suggests that even the humble 8-pin is not entirely immune to failure. According to a Radeon RX 7900 XTX owner on Reddit, the 8-pin connectors on a Thermal Grizzly WireView monitoring device suffered overheating damage while connected to the graphics card.

The user said that they experienced frequent freezes and black screens before discovering the damage. The affected connectors were the 8-pin connectors on the GPU side of the monitoring device, with visible signs of burning and melted plastic. The user also confirmed that the connectors were fully inserted, although the exact cause of the failure is still unknown.

WireView is essentially an adapter that sits between a graphics card and the power cables, allowing users to monitor various values like power consumption, voltages, current in amperes, minimum and maximum power consumption, and more. Rather than connecting the PSU cables directly to the GPU, the power passes through the monitoring device, thus adding another set of connectors and electrical contacts to the power delivery path. A poor electrical connection, increased contact resistance, a damaged connector, or an issue with the adapter itself could have caused the overheating damage.

Thermal Grizzly previously pointed to improper seating, backplate interference, or incorrectly aligned or soldered contacts as possible causes of connector damage, although the company is yet to identify the cause of this particular incident. The company has reportedly contacted the affected user and asked them to get in touch with its support team so the company can investigate the damaged WireView adapter. The investigation could potentially help determine whether the failure originated from the adapter, the connectors, the GPU, or a combination of factors.

While we are on the subject of 8-pin power connectors, just days ago we saw a heavily modified RTX 5090 successfully running on traditional 8-pin connectors. The modders replaced the card's original 16-pin connectors with three 8-pin connectors soldered directly to the PCB, using heavy-gauge cables and modified sense pins. The card reportedly pulled as much as 900W and reached 3,400 MHz, demonstrating how capable 8-pin connectors can be when properly implemented. However, this was an extreme hardware modification, not a stock configuration.

There is increasing evidence that Mexican drug cartels are diversifying into cryptocurrency mining and are using crypto platforms to diversify their income and, at the same time, launder their ill-gotten gains and fund other illegal activities. Reuters reports that local Mexican police uncovered a clandestine cryptocurrency farm in Tlaola, a town located in the leafy mountains of Puebla's Sierra Norte region. They found 300 GPUs, electricity infrastructure, and satellite equipment. The electricity-hungry operation likely drew power by secretly tapping into the grid at Presa de Necaxa, a nearby hydroelectric dam.

While this latest hidden facility found by police may seem small, Reuters notes it is the fourth such crypto farm Mexican authorities have uncovered in this region since early last year. According to a Mexico-based security analyst, the crypto farms discovered show that the cartels are increasingly sophisticated in their operations. In the latest bust, the Mexican federal authorities, the Navy, and state police seized around 300 GPUs, 80 medium-voltage terminations, a transformer, and eight satellite antennas.

It might not be surprising to hear about the Mexican cartels being tied up in crypto. Blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis, as cited by Reuters, reckons illicit crypto transactions grew from $59 billion in 2024 to $154 billion last year. The firm links the surge recorded to sanctions evasion involving governments. However, in South America, cartels are increasingly interested in using this channel to launder money. The mining operations are also integrated into the scheme, as stealing electricity is easy for organized crime. Mainstream consumer GPU mining ended in H2 2022, flooding the market with used graphics cards.

The source report doesn’t say how authorities found the crypto farm. Perhaps locals in this remote area of Puebla alerted authorities to the operation. Two folks from neighboring communities told Reuters that they could hear the crypto farm noise (transformers, cooling) from a kilometer away (0.6 miles), and the place was apparently a mere 2 km (1.2 miles) from the nearest village. The other three recently uncovered crypto farms were also near the same HEP dam, it is noted. Tlaola is a small community with around 20,000 inhabitants, so the noise levels and power consumption of crypto farms are very perceptible even if the cartels try to hide them deep in the mountains.

Remote communities, such as Tlaola, are popular locations for clandestine crypto farms because the electricity is cheap and most of them are under the protection of the cartels. For example, the Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG) and its armed branch, La Barredora, have the strongest presence in Puebla.

According to SILIKN, a Mexican cybersecurity firm, the use of cryptomining to launder illegal money rose by at least 55.8% last year in México. Drug cartels such as the Cartel de Sinaloa and the CJNG have set up crypto farms to mine Bitcoin (BTC), Monero (XMR), and Tether (USDT).

Similarly remote, illicit cryptomining facilities exist around the world, with Reuters recalling news of raids in Brazil, the U.S., and Thailand. Do you think there’s one near you? Please call the local police and liberate those stressed GPUs. Meanwhile, analysts expect crypto-related crime will reach new heights in the coming years.