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Nuclear Subs Now Run on Windows

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7:30 AM - December 22, 2008 by Steve Seguin

Microsoft Windows is now powering the British Royal Navy's nuclear-armed submarine fleet; giving all new meaning to the Blue Screen of Death.

It would seem the British Royal Navy and BAE Systems have quite a bit of trust in the Microsoft Windows operating system, as BAE Systems have now finished retrofitting twelve Royal Navy submarines with systems running Windows XP and Windows 2000. The project, called Submarine Command System Next Generation (SMCS-NG), was in the works since 2002, when it was first proposed that commercial PC hardware running Microsoft Windows could be used as a platform for sensor and weapon control applications.

According to Captain Pat O’Neill, leader of the Ministry of Defence’s Submarine Combat System Group, “This is a fantastic achievement. From speaking to operators and maintainers, I know how much they like SMCS NG. BAE Systems work is proof that we can get commercial off the shelf technology to sea quickly and support it affordably”.

The move to use off-the-shelf PC hardware for the naval command systems, instead of custom-built components, is expected to reduce support costs by 25-percent, resulting in a savings of nearly $33M over the first ten years. Implementation of the new the systems was also very quick, with the entire project finishing six months ahead of schedule and taking as little as 18 days to convert a single submarine. In total, seven Trafalger-class submarines, four Vanguard-class submarines and one Swift-class submarine have been fitted with SMCS-NG, along with a number of systems ashore.

The precise hardware used in the SMCS-NG's design is not known, but it probably features rugged, embedded x86 components, rather than just a selection of parts picked up from the local Best Buy. What is known though is that the design uses an Ethernet-based Local Area Network and multi-function consoles with two large LCD displays.

While there have been concerns raised over the security of Windows as an operating system, the UK parliament has stated that the use of Microsoft Windows is low risk. It would seem the Windows-based systems are isolated, which should mean there is little chance of an outside cyber-attack starting Armageddon.  Linux had been discussed as an alternative, which already found a home aboard the Sonar 2076 consoles used in the Astute-class submarines.

Source : Tom's Hardware US

Talkback
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gm0n3y 12/22/2008 8:00 PM
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-4+

Oh good, "Launch torpedoes!", "I can't captain, I got a damn BSOD.", "****".

dcoaster 12/22/2008 8:02 PM
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-8+

Cue the Windows bashers...

resonance451 12/22/2008 8:06 PM
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-3+

Jesus, when will we get rid of the propaganda? The Windows OS is not inherently unstable, definitely not more so than a lot of competing OS.

squatchman 12/22/2008 8:07 PM
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The machines will be isolated and I'm sure they're going to be locked down, so as long as some mouth-breather doesn't decide to bring his iPod to work and hook it in to the sub then there shouldn't be any problem.

That said, I really hope that they have failsafe controls in place in case their retrofit goes bad.

brendano257 12/22/2008 8:17 PM
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I thought they would use Windows in prisons because it's soooo good at locking up....tehehehe ^_^

gm0n3y 12/22/2008 8:29 PM
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-7+

I'm sure its will be as reliable as whatever they were using before, but I'm sure eventually, one day, somebody on one of the ships will get a BSOD and everyone will make fun of M$ for it. I was just beating them to the punch.

rocky1234 12/22/2008 8:33 PM
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I am sorry but the torpedo you want to launch can not happen right now because windows has recovered from a error & needs to reboot thank & have a nice day.

kami3k 12/22/2008 8:36 PM
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-4+

I highly doubt they will ever get a BSOD. The only reasons why you get a BSOD is bad software loaded on top of windows or hardware running windows.

These systems will be tested to no end to insure no problems arise.

Oh and to anyone think any hacking attempt can launch a nuclear missile, get real. THG stop spreading stupid fear creating BS.

daft 12/22/2008 8:37 PM
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-7+

and they couldnt get Ubuntu or debian why?

squatchman 12/22/2008 8:41 PM
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-4+

Believe it or not daft, sometimes(especially dealing in political circles) you have to purchase software due to contractual obligation. I'm not saying it's right.

ckthecerealkiller 12/22/2008 8:46 PM
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I've built many a computer and the only time I have ever encountered a problem was bad software or hardware conflicting with the fine and dandy OS. The problem is that people think Windows is so user friendly that you should be able to do whatever they want with it. /endrant

Anyway, I would love to see what they have done with this. It's a step in the right direction if you ask me.

fonzy 12/22/2008 8:46 PM
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"Sir I can't launch torpedo's" ...."I thought you fixed that problem when you installed SP2"..."I did but now the targeting system is down."

nebun 12/22/2008 9:00 PM
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here comes WW 3

nebun 12/22/2008 9:02 PM
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just think of how many of our naval boats and subs already use windows. no problems, but then again, who knows.

dcoaster 12/22/2008 9:09 PM
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daft :
and they couldnt get Ubuntu or debian why?



Because Ubuntu is the most unstable OS I have ever used.

gm0n3y 12/22/2008 9:13 PM
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Hopefully no malcontent at M$ has put in a backdoor to controlling the world's navy.

Anonymous 12/22/2008 9:17 PM
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This could give a whole new meaning to "This program has preformed an illegal operation."

Pei-chen 12/22/2008 9:25 PM
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Switch to MS = 25% cost reduction. Switch to Apple = 25% cost increase and limited to Soviet era hardware.

Anonymous 12/22/2008 9:31 PM
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This is so wrong at so many levels I am not sure where to begin. And it does not have anything with OS stability or anything related to computers, but rather human nature. Now any operator, unknowingly and due to serious neglect (or moment of dumbness, inebriation, or whatnot) can sneak aboard e.g. an USB stick with some porn or whatever, infected with some sort of malware. God know what it can do when it starts spreading. Before, with custom system, you simply did not have the possibility of consumer-grade viruses to roam through submarine computers. Now you have to implement and enforce just another layer of staff regulations that are, as always, prone to violation, just to be safe from something you had before as a given.

pocketdrummer 12/22/2008 9:32 PM
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I agree with the guy above. Linux would have been the best choice... and I'm a windows/mac user. Free costs much less than even $.01 per OS. Oh, and you can pretty much tweak it to whatever means necessary. Not to mention, Linux is known for it's stability.

gm0n3y 12/22/2008 9:33 PM
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Since when did Toms turn into a windows fanboy site anyways? I get that everyone hates Apple, but how does that turn everyone towards M$?

Joe_The_Dragon 12/22/2008 9:43 PM
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Clippy says It looks like you are trying to shoot a torpedo do you need help?

squatchman 12/22/2008 9:59 PM
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Well now, if we look at the other options:

Linux: You only need to edit three configuration files and recompile the kernel source to get to the mission area. A scant twenty or thirty commands from the console. Easy!

OS X: Firing is as easy as either hitting the Command-shift-tab-5-backspace hotkey or finding the correct way to massage the mighty mouse. You can't aim that shot with current hardware, but that sub is gonna look great and that is all that matters.

Tindytim 12/22/2008 10:14 PM
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I agree with the Linux comments. They could use off the shelf parts AND a free OS. They could even create a special distro.

gm0n3y :
Since when did Toms turn into a windows fanboy site anyways? I get that everyone hates Apple, but how does that turn everyone towards M$?


Did you read the article on the future of the Desktop market? The Apple fanaticism was so pungent that people with ageusia could taste it.

pooflinger1 12/22/2008 10:45 PM
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To everyone speculating about USB drives, do you seriously think any of the designers would be stupid enough to leave an exposed USB port? And even if they did leave one open, what's to stop that same person from running a malicious script on linux or osx?

DGriffin 12/22/2008 10:50 PM
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holy crap

gm0n3y 12/22/2008 11:16 PM
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Sorry, I should clarify, I meant that all of the USERS here are windows fanboys. I use Windows every day and rarely use Linux and never use Mac and I prefer Windows over any other OS. I just don't get why people here can't take a joke about M$. Did all the Intel fanboys around here get bored and jump on the other major tech monopoly bandwagon?

SomeJoe7777 12/22/2008 11:18 PM
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Windows (or Linux for that matter) is not a problem for this type of use -- management applications. All this does is unify some command and control functions which were previously separate systems. If the system goes down, individual stations would be able to manually override.

Where both Windows and Linux fail and should not be used are applications where a deterministic time period is involved. For these applications, a RTOS like QNX, VxWorks, or RTLinux must be used. For instance, if you are going to run the reactor control system using a computer governed by an OS, and the computer must sample plant pressure at least every 100 msec to ensure proper protection, you cannot use a standard OS kernel like Windows or regular Linux, because they cannot guarantee that a particular code block will always be able to run at that interval. An RTOS can.

talzara 12/22/2008 11:47 PM
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British submarines have been running Windows for four years. The first British nuclear sub, HMS Torbay, was outfitted with SMCS back in 2004. This is just the completion of the rollout to all twelve of their nuclear subs.

Compared to the consumer arena, there are many things that are very different in an embedded application. First, cost. Windows is essentially free. Not zero, but basically negligible when compared to the price of the overall system. Printing the training manuals probably cost more than all the licenses of Windows.

Second, certification and access to source code. Yes, you read that right. It's closed-source to you, but it's not closed source to large customers who need to do security auditing. The Ministry of Defence has surely used Windows 2000 and XP previously in other apps, so these two OSes would already be certified and ready to go. A different system would have had to start at square one.

Finally, availability of developers. If you've got Windows developers on staff, you don't make them run out and learn something new, or go out and hire a bunch of new people. Especially since they have to be vetted and granted security clearance.

vaskodogama 12/22/2008 11:56 PM
Show
vaskodogama 12/23/2008 12:02 PM
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--2+

talzara :
British submarines
i agree with you too! have been running Windows for four years. The first British nuclear sub, HMS Torbay, was outfitted with SMCS back in 2004. This is just the completion of the rollout to all twelve of their nuclear subs.Compared to the consumer arena, there are many things that are very different in an embedded application. First, cost. Windows is essentially free. Not zero, but basically negligible when compared to the price of the overall system. Printing the training manuals probably cost more than all the licenses of Windows.Second, certification and access to source code. Yes, you read that right. It's closed-source to you, but it's not closed source to large customers who need to do security auditing. The Ministry of Defence has surely used Windows 2000 and XP previously in other apps, so these two OSes would already be certified and ready to go. A different system would have had to start at square one.Finally, availability of developers. If you've got Windows developers on staff, you don't make them run out and learn something new, or go out and hire a bunch of new people. Especially since they have to be vetted and granted security clearance.



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