There aren't that many mechanical keyboard switches on the market. Cherry and Kailh switches are by far the most ubiquitous, but there are several others that you'll bump into, as well. Greetech and TTC are two switch makers that we've seen on shipping products recently, and some keyboard OEMs have also begun crafting their own, including Logitech G's Romer switches, EpicGear's EG switches and Razer's Green (and Orange) switches.
Tackling Misconceptions
Of the above, few are as misunderstood as Razer's Green switches. It's a common misconception that they're just rebranded Kailh switches, but that is not the case. It is true that Kailh (Kaihua Electronics) is one of the manufacturers of the Razer Green switch, but Razer has them made to its own specifications.
That is to say, they are not identical to any Kailh switch.
The Razer Green switches even run on different production lines than Kailh switches. Further, Kailh is not the only manufacturer to produce the Razer Green switch. Razer will not divulge who any other manufacturing partners are, but Kaihua Electronics is not the sole supplier.
So, The Switch
Anyone that has mistaken a Razer Green switch for a Cherry MX or Kailh Blue could be forgiven, as they all feel rather similar. In all three, you get a nice, fat tactile bump along with a definitive, loud "click." There are subtle differences, and they're worth exploring, but the average user is unlikely to be able to determine which of these three switches are under their fingers without directly comparing them to one another. It is, however, possible that more particular or discerning users would notice.
Partially, this was by design. Razer had used Cherry switches on its keyboards in the past, and so it opted for a backwards-compatible stem and buckle design when creating its own switch.
Personally, I feel like the Razer Green is a little smoother than Cherry or Kailh Blues (although it could partially be an illusion because of the soft-touch Razer key caps), and the bottom portion of the travel (past the tactile bump) feels and sounds a bit like a linear Red switch. That is to say, to me the Razer Green switch comes off as something of a hybrid of two switch types.
It was certainly Razer's design to create a fast-action switch that also had some tactility -- a switch, it says, that was designed from the beginning for gaming. (Razer reps said that when they developed the switch, they enlisted pro esports gamers to try them out in real-life scenarios and were able to tweak the end design from there. This design is the result of that feedback.) Note that in the specification comparison table below that, indeed, the delta between the actuation and reset points (that is, the physical distance between when the switch engages and when it resets so that it can be pressed again) is significantly smaller than the competing Blue switches.
| Header Cell - Column 0 | Razer Green | Cherry MX Blue | Kailh Blue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actuation Point | 1.9 mm (+/-0.4 mm) | 2.2 mm (+/-0.6 mm) | 2.0 mm (+/-0.4 mm) |
| Actuation/Reset Delta | 0.4 mm | 0.7 mm | 0.9 mm |
| Lifespan | 60 million strokes | 50 million strokes | 50 million strokes |
| Actuation Force | 50g (55g to get over tactile bump) | 50g (60g to get over tactile bump) | 50g (60g to get over tactile bump) |
| Total Travel | 4 mm | 4 mm | 4 mm |
However, there is a reality check we must take here. First, note that when it comes to pretravel and actuation/reset points, we're talking about differences of tenths of a millimeter. That is such a minute distance that arguably, the differences may be imperceptible. (If you can reliably discern between 1.9 mm and 2.0 mm just by feel, I tip my cap to you.)
Concerning actuation and reset, there is certainly a wider, and therefore more easily perceptible, gap when you compare the three switch types above. For example, Razer Greens reset at just 0.4 mm, whereas Kailh Blues reset at 0.9 mm. That's half a millimeter difference, but, again, that's a tiny distance.
Another wrinkle here, though, is that even with a single manufacturer, you have to consider tolerances switch-to-switch. Note that in the above chart, the actuation points are listed with a +/- rating, which means that, technically, a Razer Green switch designed to actuate at 1.9 mm could actually actuate at anywhere between 1.5 and 2.3 mm (1.9 mm [+/-0.4 mm]).
Therefore, perhaps it would be better to chart actuation points this way:
| Header Cell - Column 0 | Razer Green | Cherry MX Blue | Kailh Blue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actuation Point | 1.5-2.3 mm | 1.6-2.8 mm | 1.6-2.4 mm |
What is one to make of the above? To be honest, not too much. Again, these switch distances are measured in tenths of a millimeter to begin with, and when you take into consideration the acceptable pretravel tolerances of any switch (and the fact that total key travel is still just 4 mm, and that pretravel can easily comprise half of that), it's exceedingly difficult to detect any meaningful differences between similar types of Razer, Cherry and Kailh switches.
Granted, there is no tolerance for variability between actuation and reset points. The Razer Green switch has a shorter delta between those points than either Cherry or Kailh (0.4 mm versus 0.7 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively), so you can reliably assume that the fast-fingered can technically type faster. Whether or not that speed boost is perceptible in real life scenarios will vary person to person.
Intense Quality Control
In my conversations with various Razer employees, I was struck by how intensely they manage the switch making and quality assurance process. Razer staff is embedded in each factory, and that person's job is to oversee all the production of the switches. (A Razer representative told me the production facility is nearly as clean as a semiconductor fab; he has to go through a special chamber to get cleaned off before entering, and has to wear a clean suit, too.)
To ensure quality, the switches are inspected by hand as they come off the production line, and then Razer staff further sorts the batches of switches as an additional check. According to the company, this is the daily QA grind in the factory for Razer staff:
Beyond that, there's a need to check durability. Razer tests the switches and gets a force curve, and then after running through 60 million strokes of fatigue testing (which takes months), as well as thermal shock, salt mist (corrosion), humidity, and vibration and drop tests, the company rechecks the force curve to ensure nothing has changed. (It performs abrasion testing on whole keyboards, after the switches are mounted.)
This attention to detail extends to the RGB LEDs adjacent to the switches, as well. Razer personnel conducts a process of bending and sorting the LEDs themselves to make sure they have the most accurate lights, and they use a spectrography test to check for color shade accuracy. The goal is R, G and B at maximum brightness to ensure purest white. (To take advantage of these capabilities, Razer had to employ a new microcontroller on its keyboard PCBs.)
Measuring For Ourselves
In our quest to measure some of these things for ourselves, Razer offered to provide us with a height gauge and some switches to measure.
This is a somewhat custom setup. Although the height gauge itself is an off-the-shelf tool, some of the overseas Razer guys hacked together a custom box with two switches mounted onto it. One of the switches is a Razer Green, and the other is a Cherry MX Blue. They rigged it so an LED lights up upon actuation, and they machined a metal baseplate that fits both the height gauge and the box.
Although we hoped to use the height gauge to measure multiple switches on actual keyboards, Razer advised us against it, as that use case is outside of the scope of what the machine is designed to accurately measure. (We ran our own tests anyway, but we discovered that there were indeed some inaccuracies with testing keyboard-mounted switches.) Thus, in the end we were limited to measuring just the two switches mounted in the box Razer provided.
Before each test, we lowered the arm of the height gauge until it touched, but did not depress, the switch. Then we zeroed out the gauge so we were starting the measurement at 0.0 mm. When we reached the actuation point (when the LED engaged), we noted the height, and then continued to depress the switch until the travel bottomed out.
Then, we reset the gauge again to 0.0 mm and measured from the bottom of the travel to the reset point (when the LED disengaged), and that is the distance in the cells in the table below.
With actuation and reset measured thusly, we can measure the delta between them for each test run. Also note that actuation and total key travel were measured together on the downstroke, and the reset point was measured on the upstroke.
| Razer Green Switches | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Actuation (mm) | Key Travel (mm) | Reset (mm) | Actuation/Reset delta (mm) |
| 1.93 | 4.02 | 2.44 | 0.51 |
| 1.88 | 4.03 | 2.51 | 0.63 |
| 1.86 | 3.98 | 2.46 | 0.6 |
| 1.94 | 4.06 | 2.47 | 0.59 |
| 1.88 | 4.02 | 2.47 | 0.59 |
| (0.08 variance) | (0.08 variance) | (0.07 variance) | (0.12 variance) |
| Cherry MX Blue Switch | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Actuation (mm) | Key Travel (mm) | Reset (mm) | Actuation/Reset delta (mm) |
| 2.02 | 4.02 | 2.55 | 0.53 |
| 2.01 | 3.98 | 2.53 | 0.52 |
| 2.02 | 3.94 | 2.5 | 0.48 |
| 2.02 | 3.95 | 2.48 | 0.46 |
| 2 | 4.08 | 2.62 | 0.62 |
| (0.02 variance) | (0.13 variance) | (0.14 variance) | (0.14 variance) |
Note that these tests were performed on two switches total. Therefore, these findings can be extrapolated only if we assume that the manufacturing consistency from switch-to-switch is precise, and as we've already discussed, there's a great deal of tolerance in the pretravel.
It's also important to keep in mind that although this is a machine, the height gauge is hand-cranked, and therefore there's a very slight margin of error introduced by the human operator. We performed multiple test runs on each switch, and we threw out any clear outliers in order to ensure that we had at least five reasonably consistent results for each measurement.
The performance of this one Razer Green switch shows that it certainly meets the listed spec in regard to the actuation point. However, the delta between the actuation point and reset is between 0.51 - 0.63 mm, which is higher than Razer's claimed 0.4 mm delta.
The Cherry MX Blue switch actuated at a shorter distance than its stated 2.2 mm (although our 2 - 2.02 mm findings are within Cherry's acceptable tolerance range). The most notable finding from the whole spate of tests is that the actuation/reset delta of the Cherry switch was between 0.46 - 0.62 mm, which is tighter than the listed 0.7 mm spec.
We confirmed that the total key travel for both switches matches their stated 4 mm depth, give or take a few hundredths of a millimeter.
This video by Razer shows some of the things we've discussed here, including the height gauge used in our tests. (You can mute the audio to avoid the promotional language if you like; just watch it for the eye candy.)
Busting Myths And Testing Claims
The echo chamber is far too prevalent when it comes to knowledge about mechanical keyboard switches, and a common myth is that Razer's switches are just Kailh rebrands. As I stated at the beginning of this article, that is not in fact the case. The Razer Green switch has different specifications than any Kailh switch, and although Kailh does manufacture some of Razer's switches, it is not Razer's only manufacturing partner.
The basic testing we were able to perform on these switches confirms some of Razer's claims about the Green switch's performance and denies another (the actuation/reset delta), but before we draw any definitive conclusions either way, we would need more comparative data from performing the same tests on whole batches of switches.
Razer is clearly dedicated to creating an ideal gaming switch with its own twist, and through beta testing with pro esports gamers and intense quality assurance practices, it appears to have done so -- however imperceptibly different the Green switches may be from competing Blue switches.
Seth Colaner is the News Director for Tom's Hardware. Follow him on Twitter @SethColaner. Follow us on Facebook, Google+, RSS, Twitter and YouTube.
