University of Michigan develops quantum processor

It's much too early for AMD or Intel to start looking over their shoulder, but the University of Michigan has developed a quantum chip that contains one cadmium ion. The ion, which is suspended in electrical fields, can exist in many possible states which collapse into one when viewed by an outsider. Quantum computing has been touted as great leap in computing, but still faces many challenges.

Composed of gallium arsenide, the quantum chip was made with the same microlithography process that many modern processors are made of. Miniature lasers blast the trapped ion giving it various "spin" states. Ions must be protected from the environment to prevent "decoherence" a process where the ion's data is corrupted by the surrounding environment.

"We levitate the atom in the chip by applying certain electrical signals to the tiny nearby electrodes," explained Professor Christopher Monroe, University of Michigan Physics professor and co-inventor of the chip. While other researchers use neutral atoms, Monroe's chip traps ions - atoms with missing or extra electrons - on his chip.

Scalability is key to producing a viable quantum computer because one qubit doesn't do any good - but a series of them can allow for much faster computers, especially with equations involving factoring. A traditional computer would do everything in series, meaning multiply one by one, but a quantum computer has already calculated all the answers. The difficulty is getting identifying the correct one.

The one ion chip is only the first step for the University of Michigan researchers and Monroe says that the chip could be scaled up to include "hundreds of thousands of electrodes."

Humphrey Cheung was a senior editor at Tom's Hardware, covering a range of topics on computing and consumer electronics. You can find more of his work in many major publications, including CNN and FOX, to name a few.