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Short Stroking: How It Works

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2:00 AM - 03/05/2009 by Patrick Schmid and Achim Roos

Fast, SLC flash-based SSDs are superior to every traditional hard drive when it comes to answering demanding I/O workloads for databases, Web servers, or workstations. Hard drives typically deliver up to a few hundred I/O operations per second, while professional flash SSDs can deliver thousands of I/Os per second. If you now think of transaction-intensive applications, the difference is really significant, as it not only increases performance, but may also make entire storage arrays obsolete. These will increasingly be realized using a small number of flash SSDs versus dozens of hard drives in complex RAID arrays. There are even significant power savings available along the way as well.

However, not all so-called online storage applications require maximum performance, and most customers would trade performance for maximum reliability. This has been a clear benefit for conventional hard drives.

Containing The Operating Range

Short stroking aims to minimize performance-eating head repositioning delays by reducing the number of tracks used per hard drive. In a simple example, a terabyte hard drive (1,000 GB) may be based on three platters with 333 GB storage capacity each. If we were to use only 10% of the storage medium, starting with the outer sectors of the drive (which provide the best performance), the hard drive would have to deal with significantly fewer head movements.

The result of short stroking is always significantly reduced capacity. In this example, the terabyte drive would be limited to 33 GB per platter and hence only offer a total capacity of 100 GB. But the result should be noticeably shorter access times and much improved I/O performance, as the drive can operate with a minimum amount of physical activity.

First Thoughts

I think we all agree that the capacity loss is not an issue—in the end, we’re looking at maximized performance, and storage capacity is available in abundance anyway. Considering the capacity of enterprise flash SSDs, which is still typically limited to 32 GB, limiting a hard drive to roughly the same capacity appears legitimate. In addition, short stroking setups usually consist of multiple hard drives in performance-optimized RAID arrays, so overall capacity should really not be an issue. But short stroking may also have a positive impact on the life expectancy of a hard drive, as reducing physical activity reduces overall wear and tear. It’s hard to predict the performance impact, though, so let’s look at the test hardware and the benchmark results.

Talkback
eddieroolz 03/05/2009 8:02 AM
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You know, clicking on this article redirected me to a "Antivirus 360" popup which then said that my computer was infected. My fat ass - I have NOD32.

You guys might want to check where your ads are coming from - only matter of time until one day someone infect themselves.

cl_spdhax1 03/05/2009 8:26 AM
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i just noticed that also, running adscan and virus scan.

cangelini 03/05/2009 8:46 AM
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Not sure what you guys are experiencing. Running AVG here and no issues. But I'll report it just to make sure. Thanks for the heads-up.

philologos 03/05/2009 9:52 AM
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It's odd that you report short-stroking as a process of acceleration. I usually employ short strokes if I'm trying to delay the satisfaction of my I/O needs.

Sorry, couldn't resist.

Anonymous 03/05/2009 9:53 AM
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-7+

Interesting article.

I do wish they had a similar to for the WD's and Seagates just to see what kind of boost the higher density platters will provide and maybe you won't lose as much capacity in the process.

Another thought would be for the tool to also allow you to format the one partition for performance but still allow you to use the remaining capacity as you see fit. If I want to try and keep everything in one section I could still get the benefits but if I need to, I can use the remaining room and know that I will get a performance hit.

mitch074 03/05/2009 9:53 AM
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HOWTO - take your new hard disk drive. Create a 32 Gb partition, from the first LBA block. Format it. Don't forget to enable NCQ if it isn't enabled by default. Store your test data on said partition. Create another partition with the leftover space, where you'll store, say, backups.

Would you mind repeating your tests without using the Hitachi-specific tools, but a mere partitioning tool? 'far as I know, drives access platter sectors sequentially (platter 0 sector 0, platter 1 sector 0, etc.) thus partitioning correctly should have the same effect... That's certainly what I see with my own drives.

arkadi 03/05/2009 11:06 AM
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Well the results are logical and make sense. Cant say it a new concept, but it is nice to see it on paper.

Thesmj 03/05/2009 11:16 AM
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I got the same popup. The site it came from was "cleanyourpc-now.com".

It spawns a pretty convincing looking explorer window which appears to scan all your drives. It even makes what looks like a bubble pop up above the tray telling you viruses were found.

sbuckler 03/05/2009 11:17 AM
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It's always been known that using less of a hard disk makes it faster but that is hardly likely to make it perform on an SSD like level. HD's are done for when it comes to high throughput work.

If want to make a HD peform better then instead of emptying it and only using 10% of the capacity which is somewhat impractical use a smart defragger that puts all the frequently used data together at the fast end of the disk. That will give you most of the performance most of the time without the disadvantage of a tiny disk size.

Curnel_D 03/05/2009 11:27 AM
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cangelini :
Not sure what you guys are experiencing. Running AVG here and no issues. But I'll report it just to make sure. Thanks for the heads-up.


This didnt show up at all on my vista 64-bit that I just tried, but did show up on an older xp machine I used when I first read this article. Bad news. :( Would love to hear an explanation...

Silluete 03/05/2009 12:02 PM
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Didn't get anything here too, I using vista 32-bit but my friend using xp and got some pop up, and now he running his AVG.

Anonymous 03/05/2009 1:01 PM
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I would like to see this in comparison with a RAID of SSD's. Comparing a RAID of short stroke with a RAID of SSD's, to see how they compare... This is very interesting and intriguing information.

armistitiu 03/05/2009 1:03 PM
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Nice article. Didn't expect this kind of stuff from Tom's Hardware.

Anonymous 03/05/2009 1:13 PM
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im using xp and no popups for me. What browser are using those who get it?

wilsonkf 03/05/2009 1:39 PM
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It is expectable that dual-head harddisk is coming - one for the outermost track, one for otherwise.

Or may triple head?

Darkk 03/05/2009 1:48 PM
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I didn't get the anti-virus ad pop up. Then again I'm running Linux and Firefox 3.0+

shreeharsha 03/05/2009 1:56 PM
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No popups on Firefox 3.0.7 / Mac OS X 10.5.6

pcfxer 03/05/2009 2:23 PM
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I find it odd that they recommend the crappy onboard RAID in most motherboards...I suppose server/workstation boards have better host controllers equipped onboard.

Pei-chen 03/05/2009 2:48 PM
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I ran into the Antivirus 360 problem two days ago visiting Tom's home page; ran AVG and turned up nothing on my computer. IE7 + Vista 64

Back to topic. I think a large Raid array made up of 2.5" hybrid drives or SSD + 2.5" drives is better than an all SSD array. Most accessed data are on the SSD and less accessed on 2.5"

konchus 03/05/2009 3:26 PM
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