The Jet Propulsion Laboratory at NASA has achieved network speeds of 267 Mbps past the distance between Earth and the sun with its new Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) system, which was launched on October 5, 2023. This DSOC testing was done with NASA's Psyche spacecraft on December 11, 2023, while on its way to the asteroid of the same name in order to mine it for metal. Currently, the craft is "healthy and stable" on its way to an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, NASA says.
NASA's Deep Space Optical Communications were first tested with Psyche on while transmitting 15 seconds of 4K video (below) from Earth to Psyche over a distance of 19 million miles — which is also 80 times the distance between the Earth and the moon, and 1.5 times the distance between Earth and the sun. At last, high-bandwidth Internet can operate on a truly galactic scale.
Compared to existing high-end radio frequency systems used by other spacecraft, DSOC is 10 to 100 times faster at its tested speeds of 267 Mbps at closer range and 25 Mbps from deep space. By NASA's numbers, this places the old systems at a peak speed of around 25 Mbps, with possibly greater gains over larger distances. A properly galactic (well, solar) speed boost, one could say.
More recently, NASA used the later communications transmitting tech to send demo data over 140 million miles away, 1.5 times the distance between the Earth and the sun. A slower "round trip" testing conducted on April 8 included high volumes of engineering data on the test itself sent back to Earth. The round trip test also used "digital pet photographs", which is almost certainly NASA code for "cat memes", considering the content of the original video sent to Psyche. That was 280 million miles in total, to Psyche and back.
However, a few downsides for DSOC still exist. For example, clear skies are required to transmit high-bandwidth data, and storms can disrupt the connection entirely. This makes it seem that the current communications systems may need to be kept in place for certain flight or safety-critical concerns with future spacecraft— though it's noted that an array of multiple ground stations could be set up to receive signals when one goes offline.
As noted by Ken Andrews, project flight operations lead at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), "The fact we're doing this now has surpassed all of our expectations."
