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Primary Rails And 5VSB Load Regulation
The following charts show the main rails' voltage values recorded between a range of 40W up to the PSU's maximum specified load, along with the deviation (in percent). Tight regulation is an important consideration every time we review a power supply because it facilitates constant voltage levels despite varying loads. Tight load regulation also, among other factors, improves the system’s stability, especially under overclocked conditions and, at the same time, it applies less stress to the DC-DC converters that many system components utilize.
Results 1-8: Load Regulation
Load regulation is not that tight. We would like to see close or even better, below 1% at 12V.
Hold-Up Time
Put simply; hold-up time is the amount of time that the system can continue to run without shutting down or rebooting during a power interruption.
Results 9-12: Hold-Up Time
The hold-up time is close to 17ms and the power-ok signal is accurate.
Inrush Current
Inrush current, or switch-on surge, refers to the maximum, instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when it is first turned on. A large enough inrush current can cause circuit breakers and fuses to trip. It can also damage switches, relays, and bridge rectifiers. As a result, the lower the inrush current of a PSU right as it is turned on, the better.
Results 13-14: Inrush Current
The inrush current with both 115V and 230V input remains at low levels.
Leakage Current
In layman's terms, leakage current is the unwanted transfer of energy from one circuit to another. In power supplies, it is the current flowing from the primary side to the ground or the chassis, which in the majority of cases is connected to the ground. For measuring leakage current, we use a GW Instek GPT-9904 electrical safety tester instrument.
The leakage current test is conducted at 110% of the DUT's rated voltage input (so for a 230-240V device, we should conduct the test with 253-264V input). The maximum acceptable limit of a leakage current is 3.5 mA and it is defined by the IEC-60950-1 regulation, ensuring that the current is low and will not harm any person coming in contact with the power supply's chassis.
The leakage current is at very low levels.
10-110% Load Tests
These tests reveal the PSU's load regulation and efficiency levels under high ambient temperatures. They also show how the fan speed profile behaves under increased operating temperatures.
Test # | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | Fan Speed (RPM) | PSU Noise (dB[A]) | Temps (In/Out) | PF/AC Volts |
1 | 3.564A | 1.974A | 1.987A | 0.999A | 64.963 | 83.454% | 709 | 15.9 | 40.90�C | 0.972 |
12.165V | 5.068V | 3.323V | 5.005V | 77.843 | 45.65�C | 115.11V | ||||
2 | 8.160A | 2.969A | 2.988A | 1.202A | 130.030 | 88.029% | 749 | 18.7 | 40.94�C | 0.976 |
12.147V | 5.053V | 3.316V | 4.992V | 147.713 | 46.60�C | 115.15V | ||||
3 | 13.108A | 3.472A | 3.489A | 1.406A | 195.035 | 89.334% | 788 | 20.6 | 41.30�C | 0.975 |
12.128V | 5.043V | 3.310V | 4.981V | 218.322 | 47.47�C | 115.12V | ||||
4 | 18.074A | 3.975A | 3.996A | 1.610A | 260.045 | 89.638% | 844 | 24.3 | 41.95�C | 0.983 |
12.108V | 5.032V | 3.304V | 4.969V | 290.105 | 48.96�C | 115.15V | ||||
5 | 22.713A | 4.984A | 5.005A | 1.816A | 325.083 | 89.355% | 900 | 25.4 | 42.82�C | 0.987 |
12.089V | 5.017V | 3.297V | 4.956V | 363.812 | 50.64�C | 115.15V | ||||
6 | 27.319A | 6.001A | 6.022A | 2.001A | 389.470 | 88.768% | 989 | 28.4 | 42.92�C | 0.988 |
12.071V | 5.000V | 3.289V | 4.943V | 438.750 | 51.97�C | 115.16V | ||||
7 | 32.011A | 7.024A | 7.041A | 2.232A | 454.921 | 87.913% | 1094 | 31.7 | 43.71�C | 0.989 |
12.052V | 4.985V | 3.282V | 4.929V | 517.469 | 53.52�C | 115.13V | ||||
8 | 36.716A | 8.002A | 8.065A | 2.441A | 519.962 | 86.978% | 1243 | 36.9 | 44.07�C | 0.991 |
12.033V | 4.968V | 3.274V | 4.916V | 597.810 | 54.46�C | 115.12V | ||||
9 | 41.836A | 8.578A | 8.569A | 2.445A | 585.136 | 86.005% | 1412 | 39.5 | 44.76�C | 0.992 |
12.014V | 4.956V | 3.268V | 4.909V | 680.350 | 56.22�C | 115.11V | ||||
10 | 46.711A | 9.102A | 9.105A | 3.071A | 649.966 | 84.905% | 1571 | 42.0 | 45.15�C | 0.993 |
11.994V | 4.945V | 3.262V | 4.886V | 765.518 | 57.38�C | 115.12V | ||||
11 | 52.207A | 9.115A | 9.118A | 3.074A | 714.791 | 83.779% | 1736 | 44.3 | 46.54�C | 0.994 |
11.973V | 4.939V | 3.257V | 4.880V | 853.183 | 59.46�C | 115.11V | ||||
CL1 | 0.117A | 16.002A | 16.001A | 0.000A | 132.573 | 81.892% | 1155 | 34.8 | 42.94�C | 0.970 |
12.163V | 4.916V | 3.280V | 4.986V | 161.887 | 51.61�C | 115.15V | ||||
CL2 | 54.015A | 1.000A | 1.000A | 1.000A | 660.705 | 85.542% | 1499 | 41.8 | 45.29�C | 0.993 |
11.986V | 5.031V | 3.288V | 4.963V | 772.378 | 57.52�C | 115.10V |
The PSU can handle tough conditions without any problems. We applied full load and overload for prolonged periods at high operating temperatures, and we didn't encounter any issues.
20-80W Load Tests
In the following tests, we measure the PSU's efficiency at loads significantly lower than 10% of its maximum capacity (the lowest load the 80 PLUS standard measures). This is important for representing when a PC is idle with power-saving features turned on.
Test # | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | Fan Speed (RPM) | PSU Noise (dB[A]) | PF/AC Volts |
1 | 1.219A | 0.492A | 0.495A | 0.199A | 19.991 | 68.490% | 625 | 11.7 | 0.912 |
12.174V | 5.086V | 3.330V | 5.031V | 29.188 | 115.14V | ||||
2 | 2.439A | 0.985A | 0.991A | 0.398A | 39.981 | 78.842% | 646 | 12.3 | 0.955 |
12.169V | 5.080V | 3.327V | 5.024V | 50.710 | 115.14V | ||||
3 | 3.663A | 1.479A | 1.490A | 0.598A | 60.012 | 83.296% | 668 | 15.4 | 0.973 |
12.164V | 5.073V | 3.324V | 5.016V | 72.047 | 115.10V | ||||
4 | 4.881A | 1.973A | 1.989A | 0.799A | 79.960 | 85.435% | 699 | 15.8 | 0.978 |
12.160V | 5.067V | 3.322V | 5.009V | 93.592 | 115.11V |
Efficiency with 20W load is not so high, and we would like to see over 80% efficiency with 40W load. Nonetheless, this is a lower-efficiency category, so we shouldn't have high expectations.
2% or 10W Load Test
Intel plans on raising the ante at efficiency levels under ultra-light loads. So from July 2020, the ATX spec will require 70% and higher efficiency with 115V input. The applied load is only 10W for PSUs with 500W and lower capacities, while for stronger units, we dial 2% of their max-rated-capacity.
Test # | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | Fan Speed (RPM) | PSU Noise (dB[A]) | PF/AC Volts |
1 | 0.888A | 0.256A | 0.258A | 0.049A | 13.208 | 61.250% | 499 | <6.0 | 0.854 |
12.163V | 5.086V | 3.328V | 5.033V | 21.564 | 115.15V |
Over 60% efficiency with 2% load, but not even close to 70%, as expected.
Efficiency & Power Factor
Next, we plotted a chart showing the PSU’s efficiency at low loads, and loads from 10 to 110% of its maximum rated capacity. The higher a PSU’s efficiency, the less energy goes wasted, leading to a reduced carbon footprint and lower electricity bills. The same goes for Power Factor.
Results 15-18: Efficiency
For the standards of this category, the CX650F fares very well.
5VSB Efficiency
Test # | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | PF/AC Volts |
1 | 0.100A | 0.503 | 74.408% | 0.080 |
5.030V | 0.676 | 115.17V | ||
2 | 0.250A | 1.257 | 78.318% | 0.171 |
5.026V | 1.605 | 115.17V | ||
3 | 0.550A | 2.761 | 79.637% | 0.288 |
5.019V | 3.467 | 115.16V | ||
4 | 1.000A | 5.009 | 80.260% | 0.370 |
5.008V | 6.241 | 115.16V | ||
5 | 1.500A | 7.497 | 79.857% | 0.416 |
4.997V | 9.388 | 115.15V | ||
6 | 3.000A | 14.886 | 77.266% | 0.481 |
4.962V | 19.266 | 115.13V |
Results 19-20: 5VSB Efficiency
The 5VSB rail has satisfactory efficiency.
Power Consumption In Idle And Standby
Mode | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | Watts | PF/AC Volts |
Idle | 12.164V | 5.087V | 3.328V | 5.035V | 7.171 | 0.522 |
115.2V | ||||||
Standby | 0.055 | 0.072 | ||||
115.2V |
Results 21-22: Vampire Power
Vampire power is kept low, with both voltage inputs (115V and 230V).
Fan RPM, Delta Temperature, And Output Noise
All results are obtained between an ambient temperature of 37 to 46 degrees Celsius (98.6 to 114.8 degrees Fahrenheit).
The fan speed curve increases linearly as the load increases, even under high operating temperatures.
The following results were obtained at 30 to 32 degrees Celsius (86 to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit) ambient temperature.
The PSU reaches 30 dBA once the load exceeds 370W. With higher than 490W load, you will be treated to over 35 dBA noise output from the unit's fan. Given the platform's good efficiency levels, the fan speed profile could be a bit more relaxed under normal temperatures. Nonetheless, the Teapo SC caps, along with the five-year warranty, most likely didn't leave much room for lower fan speeds.
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Current page: Load Regulation, Hold-Up Time, Inrush & Leakage Current, Efficiency and Noise
Prev Page Specifications and Part Analysis Next Page Protection Features, DC Power Sequencing, Cross-Load Tests and Infrared ImagesAris Mpitziopoulos is a contributing editor at Tom's Hardware, covering PSUs.