How Many CPU Cores Do You Need?

Very neat article, this is the kind of thing i read tom's for.

Good piece, this will probably clear up some misunderstandings about dual vs. quad core processors. With just a clarification, that this article is based on the same clock speed (2.7Ghz) for ALL processor cores. And so, in some cases where the software isn't optimized for a multi core experience then going up on the Mhz scale is a valid option. If it wouldn't be, why do we overclock .

You have to consider that dual-core processors will often be clocked faster than a quad-core processor at the same price range (Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 @ 3.0GHz vs. Quad Q8200 @ 2.33GHz at $165 on Newegg). Inversely, to get the same clock speed, to get the same clock speed for a quad-core as a dual-core, you will have to pay 2x or more of the dual-core price (E8400 vs. Quad Q9650 - $165 v. $325). You have to ask yourself whether a 30% increase in speed justifies a 100% increase in cost. In certain scenarios, yes, it is worth it. For the average user on a budget, however, dual-core will often be the most cost-effective. Not to mention the over clocking power of mature dual-core processors (but then, an overclocker is not an average user).

Great article, i enjoyed seeing some of the gaming conclusions. I guess my CPU having 4 cores is a bit useless even though on some of your graphs it still shows 2 to 3 frames more in some of them compared to having only 3 cores. None the less though great article i enjoyed it very much.

What about the average user running multiple programs at the same time. I often run both virus scanner, office applications and multimedia encoding at the same time. With four cores this runs smoothly, but with only one core it would be a pain.

Very informative! I keep seeing comments regarding which applications or games are good for multi-core versus single etc, it's good to have some hard data.
And that's a neat trick for creating a standardized platform for the tests, eliminating the architectural differences between single and various multi-core processors.

Since I see a lot of Tom's articles considering power efficiency and read a lot of comments asking for underclock results, it would have been nice to throw some data about power usage with each configuration. Does disabling a core (or three) significantly reduce power consumption? What about temps?

I too expected to see some even priced CPU comparison, but this worked out well. Since it's so easy with any quad core system, all we need now is some gamer with a ton of titles to put up a list.

Oh, such things already exist, whaddya know

I second martindamp's question... what happens when you run iTunes, lame, antivirus, and winrar on 1-4 cores?

But what I'm most interested in is what would happen when you move this to a Corei7. It seems to me that some of the apps that see a slowdown while moving to four cores are likely bumping into bandwidth and bus arbitration overheads, as the Q6600 is essentially two C2D's packaged on the same chip, sharing the FSB. The Corei7 eliminates this bottleneck, and I'd be willing to bet the performance decrease from 3->4 cores goes away as well. And when you play around with the i7, you can toy with Turbo and HyperThreading as well, but it'd be most interesting to directly compare the two architectures based on real cores.

Nice article. A few comments for thought though. On the first page it is mentioned how single core CPUs often had a higher clock of newer dual-core CPUs. This fact still exists today between dual-core and quad-core. For example, on newegg, a 2.33 GHz quad-core is about $165. A 3.0 GHz dual-core is $168. That's almost a 29% clock increase for the same amount of money. In the gaming benchmarks, if you multiply the dual-core results by 1.29, you will find that this shows an increased performance over the quad-core benchmark. Just like it did years ago (a faster single core cpu was better for gaming than a slower dual-core), this shows that a faster dual-core is still better for gaming than a slower quad core. At least for now. This will change in the future just as it did for single and dual cores, but I'm sure it will take still a few more years before a higher-clocked dual-core is dethroned to a slower quad-core.

Is there a comparison between the i7 and a standard 4-core CPU? I was wondering if the real-world gains are there to justify spending more money for a 4-core hyperthreading CPU?

Well, I don't know how much it would matter, but there is a thing to consider regarding this benchmark. All the tests were made on a C2Q, which has two L2 cache arrays of 4 MB each, and each array is used by up to two cores. I think that is possible that this benchmark would yelded different results in the following scenarios:
1. the dual-core test would be made on cores 0 and 2, each of the cores using 4 MB l2 cache;
2. the triple-core test would use an equal L2 cache size for all cores.

Xvid 1.1.3 isn't multithreaded! At the same time, Xvid 1.2.1 (which IS smp-friendly) is now out. While it's multithread implementation is far from perfect, it does get a significant boost over 1.1.3 on SMP machines.

I just wanted to say that I have seen this same effect when going from single core to dual core and from dual core to triple core. I believe that something that needs to be looked at for the games going from dual core to triple core and with the applications that showed improvements when going from single to dual core I believe that in both cases the improvement could be from having a spare core for the OS and background processes to run on versus having to run them on the same core that the application is running on. In either case I believe that the best for gamers is a triple core and for video conversions you want as many cores as possible at least until the major codecs support GPGPU technology then the CPU will not matter very much for that and when games start using the GPU for the physics and AI then the CPU in games will become less important. At that point the CPU will not really matter much at all but we still have a while before that happened.

i dunno if its possible with the hyperthreading thing but it would be cool to see the difference between 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 cores on an i7

Multiple cores benefit multiple programs. For example Vuze uses upto 50% of 1 core if it is loaded. Windows + other background programs run all the time on most PCs. This can use up 1 full core. Most games use 2 cores.

This means that today 3 cores could be utilised on a common PC during work or gaming and 4 cores are advisable to have some spare capacity. 4 cores are fully utilised during video processing or other CPU heavy tasks.

yet again - no one uses a fresh install platform (windows) with nothing else running - we all have MSN, Torrents, Antivirus, windows update, web browsers running, steam, ea games manager running etc - all chew up performance!

Real life the quads (and better etc - Core i7) would stand out further

I remember THG had a video - 3.6ghz vs 3.06ghz with HT - unreal tournament 2003 with some other heavy app running showed that with HT is was doable vs non ht - thats the stuff im talking about!

Next article - how many apps can run while you game! Phenom 1/II vs Core 2 vs Core i7 etc - find the real benefits of a megatasker etc not just one app at a time like we all DONT do. Oh and also Vista and XP and maybe Win7 somewhere in there

jigajigajooYou have to consider that dual-core processors will often be clocked faster than a quad-core processor at the same price range (Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 @ 3.0GHz vs. Quad Q8200 @ 2.33GHz at $165 on Newegg). Inversely, to get the same clock speed, to get the same clock speed for a quad-core as a dual-core, you will have to pay 2x or more of the dual-core price (E8400 vs. Quad Q9650 - $165 v. $325). You have to ask yourself whether a 30% increase in speed justifies a 100% increase in cost. In certain scenarios, yes, it is worth it. For the average user on a budget, however, dual-core will often be the most cost-effective. Not to mention the over clocking power of mature dual-core processors (but then, an overclocker is not an average user).

Tis why i clock my Q6600 to 3.5ghz - best of both worlds

Have anyone tried the method described by TH to disable the cores? I've tried and it didn't work.
I made some search online and found that actually this setting in msconfig.exe is not disable cores, this setting is for 'how much cores OS will use while boot' (default is always set to 1 when OS installs) This does NOT mean that your system will run on 1 core!

giovanni86Great article, i enjoyed seeing some of the gaming conclusions. I guess my CPU having 4 cores is a bit useless even though on some of your graphs it still shows 2 to 3 frames more in some of them compared to having only 3 cores. None the less though great article i enjoyed it very much.

Ever seen an i7 destroy even a Core 2 Quad in GTAIV?

apache_livesyet again - no one uses a fresh install platform (windows) with nothing else running - we all have MSN, Torrents, Antivirus, windows update, web browsers running, steam, ea games manager running etc - all chew up performance!Real life the quads (and better etc - Core i7) would stand out furtherI remember THG had a video - 3.6ghz vs 3.06ghz with HT - unreal tournament 2003 with some other heavy app running showed that with HT is was doable vs non ht - thats the stuff im talking about!Next article - how many apps can run while you game! Phenom 1/II vs Core 2 vs Core i7 etc - find the real benefits of a megatasker etc not just one app at a time like we all DONT do. Oh and also Vista and XP and maybe Win7 somewhere in there

Yet again why do i get marked down by idiots on these forums when i put foward a valid point/question?