Boot Straps, I.e., Intel's "Wrench In The Works"
The next step in complete memory testing is to find a module's highest performance settings at any given clock speed, by using its lowest stable latency values. This sounds simple enough but actually requires hours of stability testing on each module and at each speed to assure results are repeatable.
Most of the modules we tested were able to reach 1600 MHz data rate. The ideal solution for testing these would be to use an FSB-1600 processor at memory data rates of 1600 MHz, 1333 MHz and 1066 MHz. Those data rates correspond to frequently used Intel chipset DRAM to FSB clock ratios of 2:1, 5:3, and 4:3. This should be simple!
Unfortunately, Intel doesn't provide "every available ratio" at "every available bus speed." The company instead picks memory speeds it thinks its buyers will need and supplies only the appropriate ratios to each FSB setting.
| Intel X38 Chipset Memory Ratios | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSB Data Rate | 1:1 | 6:5 | 5:4 | 4:3 | 3:2 | 8:5 | 5:3 | 2:1 |
| FSB-800 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 667 | 800 |
| FSB-1066 | N/A | N/A | 667 | N/A | 800 | N/A | N/A | 1066 |
| FSB-1333 | 667 | 800 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1066 | N/A | 1333 |
| FSB-1600 | 800 | N/A | N/A | 1066 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1600 |
In order to choose a ratio that Intel didn't bless for any given bus speed, builder must choose a different FSB speed and "overclock" it.
The dilemma concerns something experienced overclockers know as "Boot Straps." The chipset's Northbridge gets its own clock, based on a ratio of FSB clock, and each Northbridge clock setting is represented by a boot strap. For example, the Northbridge to FSB ratio for FSB-800 is known as the "200 MHz Boot Strap" while the ratio for FSB-1600 is known as "400 MHz Boot Strap" based on the clock rate of the FSB. Manually setting a 400 MHz FSB clock (FSB-1600) while using the boot strap for a 200 MHz FSB clock (FSB-800) will overclock the Northbridge by 100%.
| Intel X38 Chipset Memory Ratios (by "Boot Strap") | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSB Data Rate | Boot Strap | Memory Data Rate | Memory Clock | FSB Clock | DRAM:FSB Ratio |
| FSB-800 | 200 | DDR2-667 | 333 MHz | 200 MHz | 5:3 |
| FSB-800 | 200 | DDR2-800 | 400 MHz | 200 MHz | 2:1 |
| FSB-1066 | 266 | DDR2-667 | 333 MHz | 266 MHz | 5:4 |
| FSB-1066 | 266 | DDR2-800 | 400 MHz | 266 MHz | 3:2 |
| FSB-1066 | 266 | DDR3-1066 | 533 MHz | 266 MHz | 2:1 |
| FSB-1333 | 333 | DDR2-667 | 333 MHz | 333 MHz | 1:1 |
| FSB-1333 | 333 | DDR2-800 | 400 MHz | 333 MHz | 6:5 |
| FSB-1333 | 333 | DDR3-1066 | 533 MHz | 333 MHz | 8:5 |
| FSB-1333 | 333 | DDR3-1333 | 667 MHz | 333 MHz | 2:1 |
| FSB-1600 | 400 | DDR2-800 | 400 MHz | 400 MHz | 1:1 |
| FSB-1600 | 400 | DDR3-1066 | 533 MHz | 400 MHz | 4:3 |
| FSB-1600 | 400 | DDR3-1600 | 800 MHz | 400 MHz | 2:1 |
Notice for example that since Intel no longer supports the use of DDR2-533 (266 MHz clock speed), the company no longer provides a 1:1 ratio for its 266 MHz clocked FSB-1066. Also notice that the X38 chipset does support an FSB-1600 boot strap, but this setting does not support the 5:3 ratio needed to use it with DDR3-1333. In order to enable the 5:3 DRAM to FSB ratio, a "200 MHz Boot Strap" must be used rather than the "400 MHz Boot Strap" native to FSB-1600.
The effects of selecting the wrong boot strap cannot be over-emphasized, as neither the P35 nor X38 chipsets can be overclocked by 100%, and even if they could, it would have a noticeable impact on total system performance.
This prevented us from using several "Native DDR3-1333" modules with an FSB-1600 processor on our Gigabyte X38T-DQ6 motherboard, because the board would automatically set the 400 MHz FSB clock and 5:3 DRAM:FSB ratio, which in turn forced the lower 200- MHz boot strap at the higher 400 MHz FSB clock. The result of this 100% Northbridge overclock was a failed boot.
So we can't recommend DDR3-1333 for use with FSB-1600 on the P35 chipset, but what about the X38? Our Asus Maximus Extreme set the correct 400 MHz boot strap, which thus eliminated the required 5:3 DRAM to FSB ratio, and all modules instead defaulted to DDR3-1066 speed.
