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Inside Atom

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12:30 AM - 02/05/2009 by Patrick Schmid and Achim Roos

Atom is Intel’s smallest processor. The Atom 330 dual core consists of two Atom single core chips.

While the Core processors were designed for full-featured desktop and notebook PCs, the Atom family was created for extremely cost-effective systems, and for ultra-portable and compact devices such as netbooks and nettops. Intel says that Atom is its smallest and lowest power processor, and that’s true: its 47 million transistors and footprint of only 26 mm² are unmatched.

The Platform Approach

The Atom processor was designed from the ground up, which we believe was necessary to create a really power efficient device. The chipset, however, was taken from Intel’s shelves and modified for deployment with Atom.

Desktop platforms utilize the 945GC, which is a 945G with added 45 nm support and FSB speed limited to 200 MHz (FSB800). It can be combined with ICH7 southbridges and Intel guarantees 7+ years product availability. However, being a mainstream desktop chipset, it isn’t really a low power part: the chipset is rated at 22.2 W TDP, plus 3.3 W for the ICH7 and 4 W for the Atom processor. You can find the full 29.5 W TDP on Intel’s Automated Relational Knowledgebase at ark.intel.com. As we found out in November 2008, an entry level Core 2 desktop system based on a G31 motherboard can actually deliver much better performance per watt than such an Atom system.

Atom mobile platforms are based on a 945 version called the 945GSE, which is limited to a 6 W TDP, has a maximum of only 2 GB of RAM, and is restricted to DDR2-533 rather than DDR2-667 for power reasons. Paired with a mobile Atom N270 and an ICH7M mobile southbridge it stays within a total TDP of only 11.8 W, which is a great result.

Atom Models

Intel provides lots of details on its website, and especially in its processor database.

Atom Processors
Clock Speed
L2 Cache
TDP
Cores
Atom 330
1.60 GHz (FSB533)
2x 512 KB
8 W
Two
Atom 230
1.60 GHz (FSB533)512 KB4 W
One
Atom N270
1.60 GHz (FSB533)512 KB2.5 W
One
Atom Z500
800 MHz (FSB400)
512 KB0.65 W
One
Atom Z510
1.1 GHz (FSB400)
512 KB2 W
One
Atom Z520
1.33 GHz (FSB533)
512 KB2 WOne
Atom Z530
1.60 GHz (FSB533)512 KB2 W
One
Atom Z540
1.60 GHz (FSB533)512 KB2.4 W
One


Atom 230 is the mainstream model that can be found on most of the Atom-based integrated motherboards. At $29 per 1,000 units, it is very affordable, but as mentioned above, the platforms mainly provide low power operation—not high efficiency defined as performance per unit of power used.

The Atom N270 is the mobility model, also running at 1.60 GHz and the same FSB533. However, this model is rated at only 2.5 W TDP. Hence it is most suitable for netbooks and similar mobile and low power applications.

The Z model line is the most power efficient, starting at 800 MHz and 0.65 W TDP, and going up to 1.86 GHz at only 2.4 W TDP. As you can imagine, these models are more expensive due to their higher efficiency. However, the Z series does not support Hyper-Threading, which is one of the reasons why they are more power efficient.

In this review, we compare the Atom 330 dual-core against its Atom 230 single-core brother and a Core 2 Duo E7200 machine, which has the potential of beating the Atom in terms of performance per watt. How will the dual-core Atom 330 do?

Talkback
Anonymous 02/05/2009 10:55 AM
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Doesn't seem like much of an improvement from its single core predecessor compared to the difference between the core solo and duo; however, you can't argue with the performance per watt statistics. I wonder when we will see these in web oriented laptops like the Asus Eee PC?

dangerous_23 02/05/2009 11:30 AM
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for f*** sakes watt-hours is energy not power

apache_lives 02/05/2009 11:54 AM
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cost is still the higher priority over performance and power etc - its still cheaper then a celeron etc, and is another performance increase in terms of usability NOT benchmarks - same deal as the Pentium 4 era with HT - the HT made systems seem more responsive reguardless of benchmarks - any P4 HT owner will aggree with me, but still yes it has weak (but sufficent) performance.

nihility 02/05/2009 12:53 PM
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Which one of these tests checked multitasking performance?

3lvis 02/05/2009 12:53 PM
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Some how it doesnt seem fair to compare atom to desktop CPUs. A better comparison would have been mobile CPU's to atom.

salgado18 02/05/2009 12:55 PM
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I still think this article, although great, misses one point: 95% of the time we use a pc, be it notebook, desktop, cellphone, whatever, the processor is idle. Nobody would buy a netbook to compress large files all day, or render complex scenes. They buy it to surf the web or type stuff. So it would be interesting to see a small one-day marathon: give three editors the pcs above, and measure the power used over one day. I bet the Atom beats Core 2 easily.

nihility 02/05/2009 1:19 PM
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salgado18 :
I still think this article, although great, misses one point: 95% of the time we use a pc, be it notebook, desktop, cellphone, whatever, the processor is idle. Nobody would buy a netbook to compress large files all day, or render complex scenes. They buy it to surf the web or type stuff. So it would be interesting to see a small one-day marathon: give three editors the pcs above, and measure the power used over one day. I bet the Atom beats Core 2 easily.



I bet the editors will want to smash the atom PCs with a hammer by the end of the day.

chjade84 02/05/2009 2:29 PM
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I still think that the best place for these is in netbooks. My friend has an Asus Eee PC with the Atom in it and he loves it for college classes. It's great for taking notes and browsing the web and can go something like 6-7 hours on a charge. When used like this it really shows how much power efficiency can help.

It even plays Starcraft! :)

salgado18 02/05/2009 2:30 PM
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chjade84 :
It even plays Starcraft!



Now that's a surprise! It should be benchmarked! :D

Anonymous 02/05/2009 3:32 PM
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I would like to know efficiency of the power supply used in this review with 20 W, 40 W and 60 W loads.

cknobman 02/05/2009 3:43 PM
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nihility :
I bet the editors will want to smash the atom PCs with a hammer by the end of the day.



Exactly. What a complete and total failure. 80% of the benches showed worse performance for the dual core vs single core Atom. Intel's atom processor is a joke.

slowstuff 02/05/2009 3:50 PM
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How do these 4+ year old benchmarks test Multi core processors? Oh that's right, they are from the era just before benchmarks started caring about multiple cores. How about you disable one of the Cores on the Core 2 & see how much it drop... probably not much if any as 98% of the work is happenind on 1 core.

How do these tests represent real world useage? Oh that's right, they don't. who runs 4 year old benchmarks, encodes music or does rendering on a netbook / netbox.... NO ONE with a brain.

What use is a set of test that don't represent anything realistic or even test the processor fairly? Oh that's right, none. Seriously, test it in REAL WORLD USE against each other, test it's multi taking capabilities VS the single core system (230 vs 330).

Lets test a moped vs a motor cycle & see which one wins in a drag race & used the most gas, that is essentially what you just did... IT COMPLETELY MISSES THE POINT OF THE OBJECT BEING TESTED.

pug_s 02/05/2009 3:57 PM
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I don't understand why Tomshardware or any other hardware websites try to use an AMD equivalent. AMD already have something to compete with the Atom with their AMD Geode NX, which is based on the Athlon XP processors. Intel Atom processors is not built based on the Centrino design rather than a P5 at a higher clock speed.

danimal_the_animal 02/05/2009 5:11 PM
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FAIL!

loftie 02/05/2009 5:22 PM
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Considering the idle power is the same, could we not undervolt/underclock the C2D and see how much more power the C2D would use at load then. I'd find that interesting, especially if it still out performs the atom, which I'd assume it would.

+1 for a low power AMD being thrown into the mix and a possible undervolt/underclock on that too - I'm sure AMDfan girl will be able to comment on this aspect :)

bounty 02/05/2009 6:13 PM
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PCmark 05 works fine as a test for simple web browsing, email etc. File compression is not something you do all day, it's something you do maybe once a day. When I do it, I don't want my machine to poo it self. WinRar is multi optomized, and it shows. Encoding music should be possible on a desktop, and we're talking desktop platforms.

A good test to possibly add might be PCMark05 plus either WinRAR or iTunes as a resonable multiple work load test. We need a "some bloated flash/java sites" + IM + youtube test... or lets just see how these machines handle youtube fullscreen @ 1680x1050. Does the Atom fall apart while doing all that plus watching a movie? Watching an AVI on a "desktop" while browsing web(flash/java/super complicated+email+IM) seams a reasonable standard.

bustapr 02/05/2009 6:24 PM
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How could you guys compare a netbook cpu with the super efficient fast e7200 desktop cpu!Its like comparing an athlonx2 to a phenomII.

Area51 02/05/2009 6:58 PM
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Toms,
on page 4 the slides shows Core 2 Duo with HT which is not correct. please advise.

jeffunit 02/05/2009 8:01 PM
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As slowstuff points out, it is pointless to run single threaded benchmarks on multi core processors. They could have used lame-mt, but didn't (it only has 2 cores). Of course there will be minimal differences between a 1 core atom and a 2 core atom on a single threaded benchmark.

Try to use some multi threaded benchmarks, or at least run several benchmarks at the same time. Toms hardware keeps on getting worse, I think I will stop reading it.

jeffunit 02/05/2009 8:02 PM
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-1+

I meant to say lame-mt only uses two threads. Still a better test than plain lame though.


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