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The K6: AMD Extends Its Range

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6:10 AM - 09/02/2008 by Pierre Dandumont

In 1997, AMD released a new processor: the K6. Unlike the K5, which was created by AMD, the K6 was the result of the work done by NexGen on the Nx686. This processor was compatible with Socket 7 (Pentium) motherboards and offered very good performance compared to Intel’s Pentium II processors, at a much lower price. The K6’s FPU was still a little weak compared to Intel’s. A 250 nm version of the K6, called Little Foot, came out in 1998.

Also in 1998, AMD announced the K6-2, a processor that used a faster bus (100 MHz) and had improved SIMD performance. It also had one more MMX unit than the K6 and a new instruction set, 3DNow!, for floating-point calculations (MMX handled only integers). The K6-2 (400 and up) was a big success because it was a good upgrade solution for owners of Pentium MMX platforms—by using the 2X multiplier on a motherboard with a 66 MHz bus, the processor was in fact operating at 6X (400 MHz), which permitted a significant gain in speed at a lower upgrade cost.

Finally, in 1999, AMD released the third version of the K6, the K6-III. The main difference from the K6-2 version was an on-chip 256 KB cache. The K6-III was very fast, but also very costly to produce, and was quickly replaced by the Athlon (K7).

AMD K6, K6-2, K6-III
Code name K6, Little Foot (250 nm) K6-3D, Chomper Sharptooth
Date released 1997/1998 1998 1999
Architecture 32-bits 32-bits 32-bits
Data bus 64-bits 64-bits 64-bits
Address bus 32-bits 32-bits 32-bits
Maximum memory 4,096 MB 4,096 MB 4,096 MB
L1 cache 32 KB + 32 KB 32 + 32 KB 32 + 32 KB
L2 cache motherboard (FSB frequency) motherboard (FSB frequency) 256 KB (CPU frequency)
L3 cache no no motherboard (FSB frequency)
Clock frequency 166-300 MHz 300-550 MHz 400-450 MHz
FSB 50-66 MHz 66-100 MHz 100 MHz
FPU built-in built-in built-in
SIMD MMX MMX, 3DNow! MMX, 3DNow!
Fabrication process 350 - 250 nm 250 nm 250 nm
Number of transistors 8.8 million 9.3 million 21.3 million
Power consumption 12-28 W 13-25 W 10-17 W
Voltage 2.2–2.9 V–3.2 V 2.2–2.4 V 2.2–2.4 V
Die surface area 157-68 mm² 81 mm² 118 mm²
Connector Socket 7 Socket 7 / Super Socket 7 Super Socket 7

AMD also marketed K6-2+ and K6-3+ processors, mainly for portable PCs. These used a 180 nm fab process and had an on-chip 128 KB (K6-2+) or 256 KB (K6-3+) L2 cache.

Talkback
Ryun 09/02/2008 1:17 PM
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Nice article, thanks for another trip-down-memory-lane.

randomizer 09/02/2008 1:22 PM
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I swear I had a Clawhammer with 512MB L2 cache.

cpuTweaker 09/02/2008 1:24 PM
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neiroatopelcc 09/02/2008 1:44 PM
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Despite not being terribly detailed, I still like these recaps. Good articles really, all of them. Now all we need is one on alpha, and on how the mac stuff went before it was called intel

neiroatopelcc 09/02/2008 1:46 PM
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Oh and on ati I suppose, seeing we've already had nvidia :9 ... or even matrox, 3dfx and others that have vanished in a combo article...

This is like viasat history - only more specific and technical

Anonymous 09/02/2008 1:49 PM
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AMD 386 SX @25 MHz was powering my first personal computer. The whole computer costed ~4000$ and it wasn't even top performance.
AMD 486 @120 Mhz was making my friends that bought an early Pentium red with envy.

jj463rd 09/02/2008 2:01 PM
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I had several systems with the AMD 486 X5 processor at 133 Mhz.I also have 2 K6-2 systems,1 Athlon a Athlon 64 and a Phenom X4 9850 BE system.Actually most of my systems are Intel basedthough.When I first heard that AMD was in pretty big trouble I still wouldn't get a B2 Phenom but when they fixed the bug I decided to help them out by building the Phenom X4 9850BE system which runs very well.Plus I've just ordered some new ATI graphics cards too.
Someone gave me a AMD K5 system.
Thanks for the article.

Malovane 09/02/2008 2:05 PM
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Heh, owned one AMD processor of every line, starting with the 8086 and ending with the Phenom. Wasn't even intentional for the first decade, but I'm glad I did. Liked the article, though it could have gone into a bit more detail and back story.

Minerva 09/02/2008 2:20 PM
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I enjoy these articles as well, as I collect old hardware...
I have quite a few chips from both makers, including the AMD 40MHz 386, and an Intel 386 & 387 33MHz cpu's, which are quite scarce...

NightLight 09/02/2008 2:46 PM
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I too collect old hardware Minerva, in fact, I still have a lot of them still in running order on a mainboard ! Good Review, I just loved to see that windows 3 series again :)Altough a little bit biased...

caamsa 09/02/2008 3:32 PM
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Let’s hope that AMD’s financial problems are only temporary, and that they’ll be around for many more years to compete with Intel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporation in the x86 processor arena.

Word!

gto127 09/02/2008 3:45 PM
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I liked the article and the fact that Alpha was mentioned in the chipset design. I think a article revisiting DEC would be an interesting read. I remember their processors having about double performance of others at the time and Intel being sued by them for stealing the design for the pentium pro.

zenmaster 09/02/2008 4:49 PM
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For the Poster wishing more detail, go research it.
It's not all that hard.

The article was designed to be a brief history overview.
Excessive details would have clouded that goal.
What it does do, however, is give you the information you need to start your researchy project.

Have Fun!

doomsdaydave11 09/02/2008 5:00 PM
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Oh how I loved my K6 200Mhz, and K6-2 350MHz, packed with 96MB of PC-100 RAM, a 2MB Matrox (can't remember the model) and a 3GB Hard Drive, I was flyin!!!

bounty 09/02/2008 5:16 PM
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And so it was that AMD became one of the first companies to sell an 8086 close.

I'm guessing that's supposed to say clone?

sarwar_r87 09/02/2008 6:35 PM
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i remember ma k6-2 500MHz (64mb and then 256MB) and i used to run winxp (after it came out). and some games.....and it was not painfully slow.......but i felt if was more responsive than my friends p4. all i made sure was that i had minimal background stuff running on my OS and install stuff that i need.maybe am being biased as it was ma 1st PC (i was in class 5 then) but it served me well for 7yrs straight

nezuko 09/02/2008 7:08 PM
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Well,well,well, from imitation to innovation, i like that phrase!. And now, You should gave this phrase to the Intel history review: from innovation to imitation, since Intel DID finally use QPI and IMC in its architecture which is innovation from AMD. And ridiculously, Intel said: " You only can do that once to improve performance, what would you do next?" Well, let's see what will AMD do to improve performance and compete with Intel.
first thought when saw Nehalem review, " Whoa, AMD will be crush this time." But then, suddenly, AMD ACC appears. "What the hell!" From only 300MHz overclock become 1 GHz overclock. That's huge for me since AMD Athlon never got those awesome overclock compare to E2160.

Mathos 09/02/2008 7:26 PM
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God I think when I had my k7 T-bird I started with like 128mb ram, ended up having 768mb later on. Only major issue I had with it was the ram amount trying to run a dual boot with 98se and WinXP. Anything over 640mb and 98se would crap out. Think when I put that one together thats when I started out with a guillemot 3dfx Banshee card, dabbled with voodoo 5 5500 for a while, then got the geforce 2 Ti450 that I had for a long time. Been using AMD ever since then though. I've always seemed to have less problems with my personal builds with AMD than those of friends that were using the P4 and whatnot. In fact I would of put my AthlonXP 2100+ up against my friends P4 2ghz any day of the week.

wh3resmycar 09/02/2008 7:55 PM
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my very first was a k6-2, with 32mb RAM. ive never been able to play Half-life with it but it opened me up to the world of silicon and transistors :D

wh3resmycar 09/02/2008 8:01 PM
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btw, where are the durons? i remember the day when leo laporte broke in the news that the athlons are already hitting 1ghz mark. the good old days, he even mentioned pairing it up with a geforce 2 gts. i drooled.

and omg!! the processor rubber feet! once they burn away say good bye to your cpu, why did they put it in there in the first place?


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