Taiwan's $3.2 billion plan for 'AI island' with data centers, quantum hubs, and AI robotics labs faces risks — power and geopolitical headwinds may threaten country's ambition
Taiwan has confirmed it will allocate over NT$100 billion (around US$3.2 billion) for a multi-year national AI infrastructure plan, to become a global leader in AI compute and hardware by 2040. Modeled on the industrialization blueprint that drove the country’s 1970s boom, the “AI island” initiative will fund ten flagship projects focused on large-scale AI compute clusters, research hubs for photonics and quantum technologies, and an expanded robotics industry built on Taiwan’s manufacturing base.
Taiwanese leadership has committed to making the country one of the world’s top five by computing power, with an economic goal of NT$15 trillion (about US$492 billion) in AI-driven output by 2040. But those ambitions are coming up against power supply bottlenecks, rising chip-related energy demand, and an increasingly volatile geopolitical environment.
10 major AI projects
The “10 major AI projects” are being framed as a foundation for future AI innovation, with three core technologies — silicon photonics, quantum computing, and AI-enabled robotics — identified as its pillars. Dedicated research facilities and industrial consortia are being assembled to support each area.
Silicon photonics is the big one, given that it’s being positioned as the enabler for high-speed, low-latency chip-to-chip communication in AI processors, particularly as the industry shifts toward advanced packaging and chiplet architectures.
Quantum computing is also part of the roadmap, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs has earmarked funding for a vertically integrated domestic quantum technology ecosystem, from research labs and materials development through to potential system integration. While Taiwan is not currently a leading player in quantum hardware, officials say local expertise in precision fabrication gives it a huge advantage.
Meanwhile, AI robotics development is being folded into broader industrial automation goals. Foxconn and others are backing the new Taiwan AI and Robots Alliance, and several new robotics-focused R&D campuses are being proposed for southern Taiwan, including one near the smart manufacturing hub in the former capital of Tainan.
Taiwan’s industrial structure makes this strategy plausible. The country remains dominant in component manufacturing and integration. And with the global AI hardware market expected to exceed $400 billion by the end of the decade, local suppliers are racing to capture upstream design and packaging work from U.S. and Chinese firms.
Data center race hits an energy wall
While the political commitment and capital investment are in place, several constraints could limit how far Taiwan’s AI infrastructure can scale. Naturally, electricity is chief among them.
Taiwan’s last operational nuclear power reactor was shut down in May 2025, leaving the country with no domestic low-carbon baseload power. More than 80% of Taiwan’s electricity still came from fossil fuels in the first eight months of this year, placing the government’s previous target of hitting 20% renewables by 2025 well out of reach.
Meanwhile, AI data centers are emerging as a major new demand source. GMI Cloud, a US-Taiwan venture, is constructing a 16 megawatt GPU compute facility in Taoyuan for AI inference workloads, and Foxconn’s planned Kaohsiung complex, developed with Nvidia, is expected to reach 100 megawatts at full capacity. That will make it one of the largest dedicated AI datacenters in the region.
This comes at a time when TSMC’s fabs already consumed 6.4% of Taiwan’s total electricity in 2021, a figure that has no doubt increased since. Even if demand from AI clusters grows more slowly, the combined load from fabs, data centers, and industry-wide AI adoption may outstrip Taiwan’s grid capacity.
At the time of writing, no new generation capacity is currently online to absorb the expected surge. A public referendum on restarting one of Taiwan’s decommissioned nuclear reactors failed in 2025, limiting the government’s options. Liquid natural gas (LNG) supplies are imported — up 35% between 2019 and 2024 — and analysts warn that Taiwan has less than two weeks’ worth of on-island gas reserves in the event of a blockade or supply interruption.
Unless the government accelerates investment in potential solutions such as grid-scale battery storage, offshore wind, or new peaking generation, AI infrastructure growth could be rationed by available electricity long before the country reaches its top-five computing power target.
A blessing and a curse
Ultimately, Taiwan’s strength in semiconductors is both an enabler and a complication for its AI strategy. TSMC continues to produce the overwhelming majority of leading-edge AI accelerators for Nvidia, AMD, and other clients, and is now also ramping up chiplet integration capacity for emerging multi-die designs. As more AI training shifts from monolithic dies to heterogeneous chiplet platforms, Taiwan is well placed to take on more of the advanced packaging and silicon photonics interconnect work.
But that same strength has made Taiwan central to the tech policies of both the United States and China. The CHIPS and Science Act is backing onshore semiconductor capacity in the U.S., but also export controls on advanced GPUs are reshaping global AI hardware supply chains, cutting off major Chinese customers from top-tier Taiwanese chips.
While Taiwan’s AI ambitions are not directly constrained by those rules, it will have to navigate challenges like export market fragmentations and customer realignment. Its goal of building a national AI computing platform and sovereign AI data storage hub is also unlikely to align fully with U.S. security doctrine, which is pushing for increased localization.
If Taiwan’s strategy succeeds, it could become a global hub not just for manufacturing AI hardware, but for hosting and serving high-end compute workloads to the rest of the world. If energy, security, or market alignment issues intervene, however, much of the capital now flowing into AI infrastructure may end up diverted or stranded.
As it stands, the technical capacity is there. But without reliable power and a clear external policy framework, the vision of Taiwan as a fully realised “AI island” remains aspirational.
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